Journal of Vocational Education in Agriculture

The Efficacy of Endophytic fungi Against the Growth of Fungal Plant Pathogens, Phytophthora palmivora and Phytophthora botryosa

Preuttiporn Supaphon — Tue, 28 May 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to evaluate the capability of fungal endophyte from Nelumbo nucifera and Nymphaea lotus for anti-plant pathogenic fungi (Phytophthora palmivora and Phytophthora botryosa) by dual culture plate method. The active isolates of endophytic fungi were selected by percent Inhibition of radial growth and their extracts were evaluated for antifungal activity. Meanwhile, the best active isolate was evaluated on the cellulase production and cellulase activity. The results revealed that eleven isolates of endophytic fungi showed the antifungal activity against P. palmivora and P. botryosa but only four isolates exhibited strong activity against at least one fungal plant pathogen with PGIR ≥ 70%. After that, four active isolates of endophytic fungi were cultured in potato dextrose broth (PDB) for 3 weeks and fungal culture broth were extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract of fungus Fusarium verticillioides (FL033) gave the strongest activity against both P. palmivora (91.56%) and P. botryosa (87.50%) with final concentration of extract 5 mg/ml. On the other hand, this isolate exhibited high cellulose producing activity with hydrolytic capacity (1.85) on carboxy methyl cellulose agar (CMC agar). Furthermore, it was analyzed for cellulose activity every 3 days for 18 days. The highest cellulose activity was found on 12 days at 0.05 Unit/ml. These results indicated that endophytic fungi from aquatic plants (N. nucifera and N. lotus) are a good source of antifungal activity against fungal plant pathogens.

Efficiency of Effective Microorganisms for Treating Effluent from Anabas testudineus Experimental house

Sugunya kumla, Boonthiwa Chartchumni, Somsak Rayan, Jureeporn Wongjunda — Tue, 28 May 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The purpose of this research was to study the use of EM microorganisms in the treatment of effluent from Anabas testudineus Experimental house. The ratio of EM to effluent (EM: effluent) was 0:1000, 1:1000, 1:2000, 1:3000, 1:4000, and 1:5000 (V/V), and the period of effluent sampling was 10, 20, and 30 days. The mean of effluent quality was analyzed and compared by using Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 95 percent significance. The results showed that the treatment efficacy declined at 10 days. The efficacy of pH treatment at 1:1000 was 7.03±1.68. At 20 days, dissolved oxygen (DO) at 1:2000 was 3.11±2.25; BOD at 1:5000 was 0.55±0.70 mg/L; Ammonia (NH₃) at 1:2000 was 0.53±0.01 mg.N-/L. In addition, total solids (TSS) at 1:5000 was 0.27±0.75 21 mg/L; total phosphorus (Total P) at 1:2000 was 0.03±0.00 mg-P/L; total nitrogen (Total N) at 1:1000 was 1.72±1.36 mg.N-/L. EM microorganisms can rapidly reduce the amount of suspended solids, BOD and total phosphorus. Therefore, the amount of EM microorganisms and the duration of water treatment affected the wastewater treatment.

The study of Natural Rubber Production Competency

Khwankamol Suksom, Saksri Rakthai — Tue, 28 May 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The purpose of this research was to analyze the competency of natural rubber production by an induction research process. The research was divided into two phases: 1) to study and select natural rubber production knowledge by considering only the products that farmers can produce in Chang Klang District, Nakhon Si Thammarat and 2) to analyze the competency of natural rubber production by conducting in-depth interviews. The sample group of rubber farmers were selected by purposive sampling for 5 people under the condition of being the farmers in the southern agricultural vocational education institute network. Analyzing the natural rubber production’s competency of rubber farmers by using Descriptive analysis process and considering the results of the interview were divided into 3 aspects of competency, cognitive, affactive and psychomotor by Ralph W. Tyler. The study found that tapping is an important step for farmers to improve their performance since it is the starting point of the natural rubber production process. There are 3 aspects of competency that must be developed: the cognitive aspect at the analytical level; Affactive at the value level and psychomotor at the level of practice until fluency and at the level of practice under guidance.

Extension of Appropriate Agricultural System Management in Irrigated Area for Agriculture, Pa Phayom District, Phatthalung Province

Ponsaran Saranrom, Wattanai Onsumrarn, Sujja Banchongsiri — Tue, 28 May 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The objectives of research were to study 1) social, economic, and production conditions of farmers 2) appropriate alternative agricultural system and 3) extension on the analysis of business model according to appropriate agricultural system. The population were 1) 567 farmers in the irrigated area for agriculture. The sample size of 85 people was determined (by using Taro Yamane formula) with the error value of 0.10 and simple random sampling method. Data were collected by conducting interview on the context of agricultural management. Data were then analyzed by using descriptive statistics; 2) key informants on alternative agricultural management and business model analysis were 10 farmers, 10 agricultural entrepreneurs, 1 district agricultural extension officer, and 7 agricultural scholars in the university through purposive sampling method. Data were collected by conducting in-depth interview and focus group. Data were analyzed by content analysis. The results of the study revealed that 1) farmers had the average area in rice production of 9.30 Rai and earned the average income of 1,160.76 Baht/Rai. 2) The appropriate alternative agricultural system were: rice monocropping system and rice production system with other agricultural activities such as rice production with vegetable production, herbs,hollow bee, and Colon chicken. 3) The extension on business model analysis showed that rice business model for household consumption mainly, the marketing must focus on the production standard; vegetable business model was to reduce household expenses, the marketing should start from the market to the community; hollow bee business model had to focus on the investment in various equipment purchasing for raising, the marketing should be to develop packaging and container label for honey; Colon chicken business model should start the marketing from community market. For the production, there should be the extension for commercial chicken raising.

Efficacy of Hom Thong Banana (Musa sp., AAA group, Gros Michel subgroup) Peel Extracts for the Inhibition of some Pathogenic Bacteria

Kingkarn Phinhae, Patcharanan Amornrattanapan — Tue, 28 May 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Hom Thong banana (Musa sp., AAA group, Gros Michel) peels are inedible food wastes that are readily available and contain promising phytochemical compounds for the elucidation of their antibacterial activities. Hence, the purpose of this research was to study the antibacterial effects of the extracts from unripe Hom Thong banana peel. Two different solvents, 95% ethanol and 100% methanol, were used for the extraction of banana peels and investigated the efficacy of the extracts for the inhibition of three strains of the following bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 13311 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Our results showed that ethanolic extract of unripe Hom Thong banana peel had the ability to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 with the inhibition zone diameter of 13.50 ± 1.29 mm while methanolic extract of unripe Hom Thong banana peel did not show antibacterial effects against all of the three strains of bacteria. Determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract that could inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 by macro broth dilution techniques followed by the investigation of minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) on the MHA medium showed the values of MIC and MBC at 10 and 20 mg/ml, respectively.

Factors Affecting Agricultural Success of Young Smart Farmers

Suradej Sodkhomkham, Pakkapong Poungsuk, Piyanard Junlek — Tue, 28 May 2024 00:00:00 +0700

A study of factors affecting agricultural success of 63 young smart farmers. Data were gathered through the use of questionnaires, and percentages, means, standard deviations, and correlation coefficients were used in the analysis. According to the study's findings, the majority of them are male, between the ages of 40 and 49, have a bachelor's degree, and make an average income of 100,000 to 200,000 baht per year. They have 1–10 years of expertise farming on 1–40 rai of their own land (land title deed), together with the necessary financial resources. The majority of them participate in organizations/groups (community enterprise) and get their information from a variety of personal sources with moderate level. Overall, high level information technology resources were used to deliver information via group media to smartphone users. The relationships between various factors and needs to develop for the success of the young smart farmers and membership in a group/organization varied accordingly with the knowledge of the subject at hand at a low level with a statistical significance level at 0.05. Also, this various occurred to a low level of responsibility for the society and environment with a statistical significance level at 0.05, Likewise, it also happened to a moderate level of pride to be a farmer with a statistical significance level at 0.01. In term of informed young smart farmers were inversely correlated with having a high level of informed decision making with a statistical significance level at 0.01. Likewise, this happened to a moderate level of yield management and marketing, the awareness of quality product and safety of consumers, and the responsibility for the society and environment with a statistical significance level at 0.01, and a moderate level of pride to be a farmer with a statistical significance level at 0.05.

The Study of Suitable Drying Characteristics for Dried Banana Chips (Musa (ABB) 'Namwa Kap Khao')

Chanasin Sangdoung, Nuttakorn Intaravicha, Atirat Maksuwan — Tue, 28 May 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The objectives of this study were to (1) examine the temperature level and to (2) investigate the temperature period for the production of the banana chips drying (Musa (ABB) 'Namwa Kap Khao'). The methodology of this research was divided into 2 steps: The first step employed a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 5 replications, including 45, 50 and 55 degree Celsius, in order to select the temperature level affecting, on moisture content of the banana was in accordance with the dried banana Thai SMEs standard, and the second step used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 5 replications including 14, 15 and 16 hours, respectively. Mean differences were also analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis One-way Analysis of Variance by Ranks at the 0.05 level of significance. The results showed that the optimum temperature structure for the production of the banana chips drying (Musa (ABB) 'Namwa Kap Khao') was a temperature level of 45 degree Celsius in 16 hours of the temperature period in which the moisture content of the banana was 23.13±2.24 and accordance with the dried banana Thai SMEs standard.

The Effects of Diet Formulation on the Growth and Protein Content of the Black Soldier Fly Larvae

Nathapong Matintarangson, Sasamol Phasuk, Poonyanuch Nilsang — Tue, 28 May 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The purpose of this research was to compare the diet formulation for rearing the black soldier fly larvae based on the growth and protein content. Five diet formulas were used to rear the BSF larvae as follows: diet 1 (pork-based diet+ mixed with the basal diet formula adapted from Lastari et al.), diet 2 (chicken-based diet+ mixed with the basal diet), diet 3 (fish-based diet+ mixed with the basal diet), diet 4(pork + chicken + fish + mixed with the basal diet) and diet 5 (basal diet as a control diet). The prepupae of BSF in each diet formula were measured growth and analyzed protein content, amino acidcontent, and food safety standards. The resultshaveshownthat the prepupae of BSF as rearing in diet formula 4 had the maximum average width, length and weight of 5.44+1.26 mm, 17.08+1.32 mm and 0.34+1.12 g, respectively. Moreover, protein content in the powder of BSF prepupae was the highest at 48.24% when compared with others, while the diet formula 5 as a control was 44.38%. Fifteen types of amino acids were found, with the highest amino acid content being Glutamic acid, Aspartic acid and Alanine, with values of 4.68, 3.57 and 3.47 mg/ 100mg, respectively. In terms of food safety standards (chemical residues, microorganisms and heavy metal residues), they were lower than the standard values.

Factors for extension online learning about Chemical - Free agriculture towards self-reliance

Dinsaengdham Klajon, Bumpen Keowan, Sineenuch Khrutmuang Sanserm — Tue, 28 May 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The purpose of this research was to study the factors affecting online learning about chemical-free agriculture towards self-reliance. The population is 6,414 online learners of chemical-free agriculture under the Buddhist Dhamma Medicine Foundation. The sample group was specified with the Taro Yamane formula, with a tolerance of 0.05 yielding a sample size of 400 individuals. Data was collected by online questionnaire.Data were analyzed with frequency, percentage, minimum, maximum, mean, standard deviation, ranking, paired samples t-testand multiple regression analysis. The results found that 1) 74.0% of online learners had knowledge of chemical-free agriculture at a high level. Their overall opinions about online learning were at the maximum level (mean 4.21). The overall practice of chemical-free agriculture was at the high level (mean 3.85). Overall self-reliance was at a high level(mean 4.17). While overall issues from online learning of chemical-free agriculture were at the medium level (mean 2.63). 2) The multiple regression analysis found that 8 factorsthat have a statistically significant effect on online learning about Chemical-Free Agriculture towards self-reliance include: 6 factors were statistically significant level of 0.01, which were age, overall body stamina, overall mental strength, number of online learning sessions, opinions and practice and 2 factors were statistical significant level of 0.05, which were number of on-site learning sessions in that order and knowledge of chemical-free agriculture. The prediction equation has a prediction coefficient (R²) of 0.766 and a Standard Error of Estimate (SEE) of 0.361, with a statistical significance level of 0.05.

Area-Based Agricultural Extension Model to Increase Efficiency of Cassava Production by Farmers in the Northeastern Region of Thailand

Witchayapha Phadungphat , Benchamas Yooprasert, Sineenuch Khrutmuang Sanserm — Tue, 28 May 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The objective of this study was to create an area-based agricultural extension model in order to increase the efficiency of cassava production. The sample group was 400 cassava production farmers in 3 provinces with highest production area such as Nakhon Ratchasima, Chaiyaphum and Ubon Ratchathani and related parties from various organizations. Data were collected by conducting interview and in-depth interview. Data were then analyzed by using descriptive analysis, multiple regression analysis, and content analysis. The results of the research found that 1) farmers needed the area-based agricultural extension at the high level ( = 3.78); 2) factors influencing the practice according the area-based agricultural extension was statistically significant at 0.01 level with the highest positive impact was on the need for area-based agricultural extension ; 3) the area-based agricultural extension model to increase the efficiency of cassava production consisted of knowledge source from agricultural extension officers, knowledge regarding production efficiency increase, area-based agricultural extension process which will equipped farmers with knowledge, good attitude, and skills in practice adoption which will lead to the increase of efficiency in production.