Journal of Vocational Education in Agriculture

Genetic Diversity of Chrysanthemum from Vietnam and Malaysia based on Correlation Coefficients and Principle Components Analysis

Fri, 25 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The purpose of this study was to study on growth, yield components, correlation coefficients and principle components analysis of 14 chrysanthemums. This research is during October 2022 to February 2023 at Mahidol University, Kanchanaburi Campus. The results showed that ML09 had the highest in plant height and stalk length of 74.0 cm and 14.92 cm, respectively. ML06 had the highest in number of leaves, flower diameter and flower width of 25.6 leaves, 8.65 cm, and 4.79 cm, respectively. The petals color is various. The plant height of the chrysanthemum was negatively correlated with the number of flower buds (r = -0.62). Flower diameter was positively correlated with flower width (r = 0.94). The principal component analysis according to 6 characteristics : plant height, leaf number per plant, flower bud number, flower stalk length, flower diameter, flower width found that PC1 is described as a total variance of 40.94 %, PC2 is described as a total variance of 28.76 %.

Effects of Granular Fertilizer Use Patterns on Growth and Yield of Upland Rice Production

Winakon Theerak, Waroonyupa Judsri, Sarun Atiganyanun — Fri, 25 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The objective of this experiment is to investigate proper use of granular organic fertilizer in upland rice Hom Dong variety. The experiment was completely randomized designed (CRD) with five treatments, each with five 10-pot replications.This experimental was separated in 5 treatments including the first treatment (control), no nutrient was added. In the second and the third treatments, 46% urea fertilizer was added to the top soil surface and the soil subsurface, respectively. In the fourth and the fifth treatments, organic was used instead in the same respective manner. Rice survival rate and growth quantities, including height, number of shoots per tiller, and leaf greenness values (SPAD - unil) at 30 and 65 days were recorded. In addition, yield quantities i.e., number of days until 50% flowering, number of ears per tiller, number of days until 50% ripening, number of seeds per ear, healthy seed percentage, seed weight, and nutrients and bacterial content in soil were studied. The results showed that rice height, leaf greenness values, and the number of shoots per tiller at 30 days were similar among all treatments. On day 65, however, these quantities are higher (p<0.01) under subsurface organic fertilizer treatment and both chemical fertilizer treatments. The number of days until 50% flowering, number of ears per tiller, number of days until 50% ripening, number of seeds per ear, and healthy seed percentage also followed the similar trend. However, seed weight under the organic fertilizer treatment was less than that under the chemical fertilizer treatment. Soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), total nitrogen content, total phosphate content, total potash content, and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio decreased as rice grew. Bacteria content under the control and the chemical fertilizer treatments was less than that under the organic fertilizer treatment (p<0.01).

Effect of Microbial Fermented Water in Drinking Water on Growth Performance and Carcass Quality in Hybrid Breeds

Chalermporn Jirapanyalert — Fri, 25 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The aim of this study is to investigate the production performance and carcass quality in hybrid breeds that received different amounts of microbial fermentation mixed with drinking water. This research was conducted using a Completely Randomize Design (CRD) using hybrid breeds (Rhode Island Red x Thai Bar Chicken), male, 1-day-old with 5 treatments and 4 replications with 10 chickens each, so in total of 200 chickens. Treatments 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 were mixed with 0% microbial fermented water (control group), 0.40%, 0.20%, 0.13%, and 0.10% respectively. The results showed that the effects of growth performance on live weight, weight gain, average daily gain, total feed intake and feed conversion ratio were better than those of the control group (P>0.05). The composition of the carcass breast meat percentage, calf percentage, tenderloin percentage and percentage of total organ meats were better than the control group. Percentage of wings, treatment 2, it had the greatest value, that equal to 13.09 percent (P<0.05). The highest carcass percentage in treatment 5 was 77.06 percent (P<0.05), the highest percentage of thigh in treatment 1, equal to 14.38 percent (P<0.01). Regarding carcass quality, there was no difference in pH values at 0 and 24 hours. The color values L* and b* were higher (P>0.05) and the color value a* in treatment 4 has a higher value (P<0.01).Therefore, the addition of fermented microorganisms mixed with drinking water affects production performance and the carcass quality of hybrid breeds. It will not affect growth or have a negative impact on animals.

Effects of Supplementation of Fermented Chara corallina in Feed on Growth Performance, Haemocytes and Coloration of Giant Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man 1879)

Fri, 25 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study was conducted in order to evaluate effects of fermented Chara corallina (FCC) at different levels on growth performance, feed utilization, total haemocytes and color of the cooked prawn, Giant Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man 1879). A completely randomized design (CRD) was employed to five experimental diets, with supplementing FCC at 0 (control), 5, 10, 15 and 20%. The experiment was conducted in plastic containers (200 L) filling with 100 L of water. The prawn initial weight was 0.69-0.73 g. The stocking density was 15 prawn per replication.The prawn were fed three times per day to apparent satiations. The experimental period was 12 weeks. The results showed that weight gain, average dialy weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency, survival rate and total haemocytes were not statistically significant among the treatments and control group (p>0.05), but the color of cooked prawn were significant differences (p<0.05). The highest of red hue (a*) and yellow hue (b*) were found in the prawn fed by diet of 20% FCC supplementation, which were 5.64±3.42 and 18.63±3.27, respectively.It could be concluded that, the supplementation of FCC in prawn diet at 5-20% had no significant effects on growth, survival and total haemocytes. However, by adding 20% of FCC could enhance the red and yellow coloration of the cooked prawn.

Effects of Supplementation of Melaleuca cajuputi Extract to Control Vibrio Pathogen in Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture

Sunanta Khongsai, Chakhriya Chalad, Preeda Phumee, Netnapa Sutjarit — Fri, 25 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of supplementation of Melaleuca cajuputi extractin ready-made feed to control vibrio spp. pathogen in Litopeneaus vannamei aquaculture. M. cajuputi leaves was extract with ethanol, then the solvent was removed by the rotary under vacuum evaporated and dried by freeze dry technique. The extract powder was prepared as a dietary supplement at a concentration of 300 ppm. Ethanol and water in a ratio of 8:2 was dissolved the extract well and significantly contain the highest amout of total phenolic content 11.48±0.00 mg GAE/mg extract, total flavonoid content 153.27±0.20 mg RE/mg extract and DPPH and ABTS free radicals inhibition with 90.21±0.35% และ 99.52±0.08%, respectively. The extract was sprayed on ready-made feed in a ratio of 50 milliliters to 1 kilogram of feed. The results of water quality monitoring and vibrio in white shrimp showed that the water in the experimental pond showed higher number of green and yellow bacterial colonies than that of control unit, but the amount of green and yellow bacterial colonies in the experimental shrimp was less than that of the control unit. It has been shown that M. cajuputi extract affects the response to resistance to Vibrio pathogens and can be developed as a dietary supplement to enhance health in L. Vannamei and reduce infection with Vibrio spp. pathogens.

Preparation and Characterization of Reduced Graphene Oxide Derived from Waste Biomass

Piyarut Moonsri, Artit Hutem — Fri, 25 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research studied the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide from biomass left over from agriculture, including macadamia shell scraps and hemp scraps. By transforming the biomass into graphite material through the carbonization process, graphene oxide was then synthesized from the prepared graphite powder. Graphene oxide was synthesized by using the modify Hummer method and the the synthesized reduced graphene oxide was carried out by reduction reaction of the graphene oxide with L-ascorbic acid in alkaline conditions (using sodium hydroxide solution), respectively. The results of this study found that the graphite prepared from macadamia nut shell fragments at a temperature of 800⁰C for 3 hours, and graphite prepared from hemp scraps that were carbonized at a temperature of 600 ⁰C for 1 hour, has the percentage of carbon element was 80.93% and 82.30%, respectively. The morphology was examined using a scanning electron microscope found that micron-level pores were distributed within the structure of the prepared graphite. Reduced graphene oxide is prepared by reducing graphene oxide with L-ascorbic acid solution at the pH 9.5±0.5 has carbon content more than 93 percent. From electrical properties investigateion, it was found that the prepared reduced graphene oxide has low resistance and good electrical conductivity. Therefore, reduced graphene oxide prepared from macadamia nut shells and hemp scraps has the potential to be further studies for future applications in supercapacitor development.

Logistics Costs in Indigo Production Using Activity-Based Costing: A Case Study Sakon Nakhon Province

Jessada Hongnee, Anantachin Khamsupa — Fri, 25 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

From a field survey conducted in Akat Amnuai District, Sakon Nakhon Province, it was found that many households cultivate indigo plants to produce wet indigo for dyeing fabrics. This activity serves as a significant source of income at both the provincial and national levels. This research aims to analyze the total logistics costs involved in the production of wet indigo, employing an Activity-Based Costing (ABC) system. The analysis encompasses the cost of all activities involved in the indigo dye production process, from upstream (indigo cultivation) through midstream (wet indigo production) to downstream (sales and export). The goal is to provide relevant stakeholders with a clear understanding of the actual costs, identify potential areas for cost reduction, reorganize production activities, and, importantly, enable the setting of appropriate selling prices and enhance price negotiation power. The study revealed that the average logistics cost for the indigo producer groups was 18,900 THB per rai (1,600 square meters). The largest proportion of this cost was attributed to order quantity costs, averaging 17,446 THB per rai. This was followed by transportation costs, which averaged 907 THB per rai, and information system costs, averaging 548 THB per rai.

Effect of Cocoa Husk Meal Supplementation on Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens

chaiyapruek hongladdaporn, Chomphunat Chomphuphan, Panruethai Putthongsri — Fri, 25 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of cocoa husk meal supplementation on growth performance of broiler chickens. A total 200 of 1 day old Arbor Acres broiler chickens were used as the experimental animals. The completely randomized design was used in this study. The chickens were randomly allocated to 4 groups (type of cocoa husk meal supplementation: non-cocoa husk meal; cocoa husk meal; cocoa husk meal-crude extract; cocoa husk meal- micro emulsion extract) with 5 replicates of 10 chicks each. Chickens received feed and water freely available at all time (ad libitum) until 42 days experimental periods. The results showed that broilers fed the diet with supplemented of cocoa husk meal-crude extract and cocoa husk meal- micro emulsion extract showed higher average daily gain, protein efficiency ratio and productive index than broilers fed the diet with supplemented of cocoa husk meal. The diet with non-supplement cocoa husk meal showed the lowest growth performance (P<0.01). Furthermore, the results showed that broilers fed the diet with supplemented of cocoa husk meal-crude extract and cocoa husk meal-micro emulsion extract showed better feed conversion ratio than broilers fed the diet with supplemented of cocoa husk meal and non-supplement cocoa husk meal (P<0.01). In conclusion, this study indicated that supplemented of cocoa husk meal and cocoa husk meal extract in broiler diet showed growth performance improvement of broiler chickens.

Antibacterial Activity of Honey from Bee (Apis cerana) and Candy Product Development

Fri, 25 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to study the antibacterial properties of honey and develop honey candy which study physical and chemical properties of honey bee (Apis cerana) from Bee keeping Group, Pang Wan subdistrict, Phato district, Chumphon province. Honey bee was quantitative analyzed following the standard method. The results indicated that the honeybee could inhibit Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with the highest inhibition zone at 27±0.40 and 23±0.45 mm., respectively but it could not inhibit Bacillus subtilis. Various components of honey bee: Fructose and sucrose content were 309.46±2.75 and 296.04±26.89 mg/g, respectively. Glucose and xylose were not found. The nitrogen content as 0.034±0.00 percent (wt.). Ash exhibited the lowest content as 0.04±0.00 percent (wt.). Physical properties in 13 recipes of honey candy consist of L*, a*, b* were 28.71±0.01 to 40.98±0.04, 3.45±0.02 to 15.19±0.01, 0.98±0.02 to14.00±0.05, respectively. Hardness was 43.50±0.00 to 83.20±0.60 (no unit). The honey candy recipe for the highest customer satisfaction was 60 percent isomalt, 30 percent honey, 15 percent lemon juice, 0.5 percent starch and 0.2 percent salt.

Quality Assessment of Sweet Corn Hybrids Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Technique

Fri, 25 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to evaluate the potential of Fourier Transform Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-NIRS) as a nondestructive technique for assessing the quality of fresh sweet corn hybrids Total dissolved sugar amount range: 8 Brix to 15 Brix. The study analyzed sweet corn samples within the wavelength range of 1000–2500 nm using modified partial least squares regression (PLSR) with internal validation (n=144). The developed calibration model for sweetness prediction yielded a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.93 with a standard error of calibration (SEC) of 0.54% and a standard error of prediction (SEP) of 0.54%. The cross-validation process confirmed a high correlation (R = 0.93), indicating reliable prediction accuracy. Key chemical bonds, including C-H and O-H, were identified through spectral analysis at wavelengths of 1450, 1715, and 1928 nm. The model's accuracy improved with second-derivative spectral preprocessing, achieving an R² of 0.98 and a minimal SEC of 0.05%. These findings demonstrate that FT-NIRS can efficiently and accurately estimate sweetness levels in fresh sweet corn ears, supporting rapid screening in breeding programs aimed at developing high-quality sweet corn varieties.

Effect of Manure on Yield and Quality of hybrid Sweet Corn in Soil Series 41

Fri, 25 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This experiment aimed to study the growth and yield of three sweet corn hybrid varieties: Test variety 1, Test variety 2, and Test variety 3, Collect data at 20 and 65 days after planting. The experimental design used a split-plot in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three hybrid varieties (F1 hybrids). The experiment involved four treatments: (T1) Pelletized organic fertilizer (control), (T2) Chicken manure, (T3) Pig manure, and (T4) Cow manure, all applied at a rate of 50 grams per plant. Growth parameters such as plant height, leaf length, fresh ear weight, ear circumference, ear length, and ear sweetness were evaluated. The results showed that Test variety 1 exhibited the highest growth, with the tallest plants and the heaviest fresh ear weight per plant at 65 days after planting, measuring 174.44 cm and 358.33 grams per plant, respectively. Test variety 3 had the longest leaf length at both 20 and 65 days after planting, with lengths of 16.38 cm and 78.44 cm, respectively. Furthermore, the use of fertilizer at a rate of 50 grams per plant significantly affected both the quality and quantity of the yield. Pig manure had the best effect on the growth and fresh ear weight of all varieties. As for ear sweetness, the pelletized organic fertilizer produced the highest sweetness in Test variety 1.