Journal of Agricultural Research and Extension

Comparison Studies of Cultivation Technology of CBD and Superfood Hemp Varieties

2024-04-24T08:51:42+07:00

Studying the research and the development of the hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation technology on the CBD types and superfood type of hemp varieties was divided into two experiments i.e. 1) the cultivation technology and harvesting of CBD type hemp varieties were studied on the characteristics of varieties and the effect of fertilizer formulates on growth and yield of three hemp varieties; CD1, 1:20 and CD2 purple. Three methods of canopy training: no-training (Christmas tree shape), the screen of green (ScrOG), and low-stress training (LST) and three different fertilizer formulates applied on 60-day post-planting: no fertilizer, 15-15-15 fertilizer at the rate of 25 kg/rai, and 4-12-15 at the rate of 25 kg/rai were also examined. The results showed the CD2 purple variety with no training (Christmas tree shape) and applying fertilizer formula 15-15-15 on 60 days after planting had the highest growth and yields. The highest plant height of 382.0 cm, the highest plant weight of 12,500 grams, the highest number of inflorescences of 35.3 inflorescences/plants, the largest inflorescence length of 57.7 cm, and the total inflorescence weight of 8,066.7 grams were exhibited. In addition, the study on the effect of varieties and harvesting stages of the mature inflorescence stage on the main substance contents of three CBD types of hemp varieties found that CD1 cultivars harvested at 50% of the mature inflorescence stage had the highest CBD content (11.46% w/w of dry weight) and 62.00% w/w of crude extract. Then 2) the effect of cultivation technology and harvesting on the growth and yield of eight hemp varieties, namely RPF1, RPF2, RPF3, RPF4, RPF5, RPF6, RPF7, and RPF8, were studied. The results revealed that the RPF6 variety gave the highest seed yields per plant at 107.4 grams and the highest extracted oil percentages at 15.0 %w/w. Besides, the effect of varieties (eight hemp varieties) and harvesting stages on the percentage of seed germination (50, 75, and 100% stages) were studied. It was found that the RPF6 variety harvested at 75% had the highest germination percentage at 94.0%. Therefore, the harvesting stage of hemp seeds at 75% that was suitable for producing seeds for sale and extracting oils, would be advised to the farmers.

Effect of Different Substrates on Growth Performance of White Water Trumpet (Cryptocoryne albida) in Hydroponic System

2024-03-06T11:17:29+07:00

Cryptocoryne albida (R. Parker) is an economically significant aquatic plant in Thailand. However, its natural population has been experiencing a considerable decline due to invasion and slow growth. Using a hydroponics system with deep flow techniques (DFT) is an alternative tool for propagation used for aquatic plants. This experiment aimed to examine the effect of different substrates (sponge, rockwool and pumice) on the growth performance of C. albida. The experimental set had four replicates, 10 plants per replicate. After 8 weeks, the result showed that sponge was the optimum substrate that could significantly (P<0.05) increase average root length (16.98±1.73 cm). Other growth performances in shoot height (12.01±1.79 cm), leaf length (9.72±1.42 cm), leaf width (0.65±0.10 cm) and leaf number (4.25±0.61 leaves) were not significantly different (P>0.05) from other substrates. This study has shown that sponge has good qualities for being substrate in hydroponics system due to the fact that the pores are not tightly packed, resulting in the roots being able to penetrate easily and also promoting air exchange, which could promote the growth of C. albida.

Study of Planting Soils and Pot Sizes on Growing Water Bamboo for Urban Agriculture

2024-03-28T15:12:58+07:00

The objective of this study is to investigate the planting soils and pot sizes on height and number of shoots of water bamboo (Zizania latifolia). The experiment was laidout in a completely randomized design (CRD). The first experiment studied different planting soils and the second experiment studied the size of pots. The results of the first experiment found that water bamboo grown in the commercial soil-2 showed the height and the number of shoots at 75 days after planting of 100.76 centimeters and 14.00 plants per pot, respectively. For the study on pot size for cultivation, it was found that when water bamboo reached 45, 60, and 75 days after planting, the number of shoots and their height in a 14-inch pot were higher compared to pots sized 9, 11, and 17 inches. This research indicated that planting soil-2 and a 14-inch pot size were suitable for cultivating water bamboo in urban agricultural systems.

Effect of Chitosan on Rice Growth under Drought Stress at Different Growth Stages

2023-10-27T15:20:34+07:00

Chitosan can be applied to trigger the immune system in plant under drought stress. The objectives of this study were to study the effect of chitosan application on rice yield under drought conditions at different growth stages of rice. The experiment was arranged in a 2x5 factorial in completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. Factor A was chitosan applications (with and without chitosan application), while Factor B were watering conditions, which included regular watering, and water withdrawal at seedling, tillering, panicle initiation and heading stages. The experiment was conducted at the greenhouse of the Agronomy Division, Faculty of Agricultural Production, Maejo University, during September 2021 to January 2022. The results showed that chitosan application had significant effects on plant height, no. of tiller, no. of panicle, harvest index and yield. Chitosan application increased the yield by 58.1% compared to rice without chitosan. Moreover, chitosan application had significant effects on plant height and leaf greenness. Furthermore, severe yield loss caused by water deficit at heading stage could be diminished by chitosan application, which could help reducing yield loss by 56.06% compared to application without chitosan.

Microbe-assisted Modified Biochar from Rice Straw for Plant Growth Promotion and Soil Amendment

2023-11-08T15:25:52+07:00

From the environmental problems caused by the disposal of agricultural residues through burning and soil quality deterioration. Biochar has become increasingly popular in recent years for its ability to store and release nutrients as well as enhance crop productivity. In practical application, limitations and varied outcomes have been encountered in the field, prompting an interest in further developing more efficient biochar models. The aim of this research was to develop microbe-assisted modified biochar from rice straw for soil amendment and plant growth promotion. In this study, the effect of microbe-assisted modified biochar application on enhancing soil properties and on the growth of Kor-Khor 105 was investigated. Five treatments with the variation of modified biochar dosages (1, 2 and 3% (w/w)) in pot experiments were carried out with triplicates. The obtained optimum ratio of modified biochar application was used in three cement pot experiments. Plant growth promotion after treatments was evaluated, and soil samples were collected before and after 3 months for the analysis of physical and chemical properties. Moreover, the expression of genes involved in the induced systemic response (ISR) was investigated. Results obtained from the rice plantation showed that the application of microbe-assisted modified biochar at a dosage of 1% (w/w) gave the highest growth promotion. Soil properties such as organic matters, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, extractable potassium and soil fertilities were also increased. The result of the expression of genes involved in the induced systemic response (ISR) indicates the immune and health status of the plants. It was found that modified biochar could moderately increase the ISR and exhibit synergistic effects.

Species Diversity and Increment Rate of Bamboos in Community Forest Areas in Phrae Province

2023-10-27T14:14:28+07:00

The aims of this research were to study the species diversity and increment rate of bamboos in community forest areas in Phrae province. Three community forests, namely Ban Pong, Bang Na San and Ban Hua Fai, were chosen as the representative community forest areas of Long district in Phrae province. A systematic sampling method was used to establish 75 sample plots of 20x20 m². There were 25 sample plots in each community forest. The number data of clumps and culms were collected for each plot. Then three culms per clump were randomly selected for culms diameter and height measurements. The species diversity index was analyzed by using the Shannon–Wiener (H') index. In addition, numbers of fresh bamboo stumps and shoots were also recorded. All parameter data were measured and recorded on selected 30 clumps in each bamboo specie to calculate the increment rate.

The results enumerated 4 genera and 5 species of bamboos from this study as follow, Dendrocalamus membranaceus, Cephalostachyum pergracile, Gigantochloa albociliata, Gigantochloa nigrociliata and Bambusa tulda. There were 5 bamboo species found in Ban Pong and Ban Na San and 4 species in Hua Fai community forests. However, Bambusa tulda was not found. The bamboo species diversity indices (H') were 1.00, 1.32 and 1.27, respectively from Ban Pong, Ban Na San and Hua Fai community forests. The basal areas of bamboo stems in each area were 0.54, 0.49 and 0.63 m²/ hectare, respectively. The total frequencies of bamboo occurrence were 152, 196 and 213%, respectively. The increment rate of Dendrocalamus membranaceus in Ban Pong community forest was 758 stems/year, following by Ban Hua Fai and Ban Na San community forest with 608 stems/year and 368 stems/year, respectively.

Classification of Thai Rice Varieties using DNA Variation in Drought Tolerance-Related Genes

2023-11-09T15:26:34+07:00

The study aimed to classify Thai rice varieties together with drought tolerant rice varieties previously reported in the 3,000 Rice Genomes Project by using variation within nucleotide sequences of drought tolerance-related genes. The comparison results of four drought tolerant genes which were soil surface rooting 1 (OsSor1), deeper rooting 1 (OsDro1), NAC domain-containing protein 5 (OsNAC5) and NAC domain-containing protein 6 (OsNAC6) genes from twenty-three rice varieties revealed 147 nucleotide sequence variations. Then, these rice varieties were classified into 2 major groups. Group I consists of 12 varieties which were Indica and Japonica rice. This group revealed the association with rice ecosystem, root characteristics and drought tolerance. Group II comprises 11 rice varieties, including landrace, upland, and lowland rice. However, there is no clear association with rice ecosystems for this group. Moreover, Jow Haw and Khao Pong Krai varieties were in the same group with deep roots and drought tolerant upland rice which will be used for the development of the drought tolerant DNA markers in rice breeding program.

Selection of Pure Strain of Ophiocordyceps sinensisfrom Dried Fruiting Bodies Sourced from China

2023-11-09T15:47:57+07:00

Ophiocordyceps sinensis is a medicinal mushroom that has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for a long time. Its main bioactive constituents are polysaccharides, cordycepin, and adenosine, which contribute to body nourishment and outstanding pharmacological effects. That is, it can fight cancer and stimulate the immune system by reducing antioxidants and hypoglycemia. The aforementioned mushrooms are in demand and have a high market value, causing a crisis of insufficient natural raw materials. The cultivation of mycelium to replace mushrooms was used to supply market demand.

This study was conducted to obtain the correct pure strain of the O. sinensis fungus. Fungal morphological, nucleotide sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses were used. Naturally dried O. sinensis mushrooms were collected from various sources in China by using both the part of the fungus growing from the worm's head (Stroma) and the part of the worm's body (Sclerotium). The results of this research showed that one isolate had colony characteristics and morphology similar to the O. sinensis fungus. Using molecular biology techniques by comparing the nucleotide sequence of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene amplified with primers ITS4 (5′-TCCTCCGCTTATTTGATATGC-3′) and ITS5 (5′-GGAAGTAAAAGTCGTAACAAGG-3′), it was confirmed that the fungus was O. sinensis. When comparing the phylogeny of the phylogenetic tree, it was found that O. sinensis was in the family Ophiocordycipitaceae.

Cultivation of pure strains of fungus could be cultured in an agar formula of 10 g of peptone, 40 g of dextrose, 20 g of yeast extract, 15 g of agar powder, and 1 L of distilled water at a temperature of 16˚C in the dark for 14 days. Morphological characteristics of the pure fungus that was found could be explained as a round colony with white to light cream at the center with white hyphae and densely stacked feathers, branches, fluffy aerial mycelium, and rod-shaped spores of 5-10 µm in size. As a result, the pure fungal strain that is produced can be utilized as an inoculum for the identification of biological components and as material for additional research on their pharmacological effects.

Study on Chemical Compositions of Essential Oil from Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl. Fresh Flowers by GC-MS/MS TQ

2023-10-18T10:06:52+07:00

The aim of this research was to analyze the chemical compositions of the essential oil derived from the fresh flowers of Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl. using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry triple quadrupole (GC-MS/MS TQ). The essential oil from D. chrysotoxum was extracted via hydro distillation. The fresh flowers yielded an essential oil content of 0.09%w/w. Several compounds were identified and categorized into five groups: saturated hydrocarbons, alcohols, oxygenated terpenes, terpenes, and alkanes. The predominant components of the D. chrysotoxum essential oil were n-eicosane (40.71%), n-heneicosane (25.71%), n-pentacosane (7.11%), α-phellandren-8-ol (5.42%), and n-docosane (4.23%).

Development of gentle hair spa treatment products from Thai herbal extracts

2024-03-28T14:18:06+07:00

Nowadays, consumers are increasingly interested in herbal products for treating disease and maintaining beauty, especially hair care products. Hence, the idea of developing herbal products for hair care was developed. The aim of this study was to develop hair spa treatment products containing Tiliacora triandra, Litsea glutinosa, Ecliptae prostratae, Carthamus tinctorius, and Rhinacanthus nasutus extracts as active ingredients. The results showed that total phenolic and flavonoid contents of T. triandra leaf extract was significantly higher than those of the others (p<0.05). The anti-hair loss shampoo and conditioner were developed with 1.0, 1.0, 2.5, 2.5 and 5.0 percent of T. triandra, L. glutinosa, E. prostratae, C. tinctorius, and R. nasutus leaf extracts, respectively. The developed anti-hair loss herbal shampoo and conditioner products for sensitive skin were formulated to be Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate (SLES), paraben, silicone and colorant free. Herbal shampoo and conditioner products had satisfied appearance, green color, pH scale ranges from 4 to 6 and also natural aroma scent. From sensory evaluation result (9-point hedonic scale) of herbal shampoo and conditioner products, the overall acceptance scores were 7.0±0.6 and 7.0±0.3, respectively. In addition, the stability of products was investigated by heat-cool cycles method. The results showed that phase separation was not observed in all products.

Drying Kinetics of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. by Far-Infrared Radiation under Vacuum Condition

2024-04-01T09:03:42+07:00

This research aimed to investigate the drying kinetics of Zingiber Cassumunar Roxb. (ZC), the optimal drying models, and quality assessment of 5 mm thick ZC samples by using far-infrared (FIR) radiation at different intensities of 4,929, 6,550, 8,541 and 10,955 W/m² under a vacuum condition of 5 kPa (an absolute pressure). The initial moisture content of ZC was 3.58±0.04 g water/g dry matter, and was expected to reach a final moisture content of 0.10±0.02 g water/g dry matter after drying process. The drying times obtained were 145, 85, 55, and 35 min for the respective radiation intensities. The drying process exhibited a decreasing drying rate under all conditions. The model accuracy was assessed using experimental data from five drying models, employing the coefficient of determination (R²) and the root mean squared error (RMSE). The drying model proposed by Midilli et al. (2002) yielded the most accurate drying predictions, with the highest R² value and the lowest RMSE value. The effective moisture diffusion coefficient ranged from 0.59x10^-7–2.75x10^-⁷ m²/s, and the activation energy of ZC was 17.97 kJ/mol. Regarding the quality of the dried ZC, it was observed that the yellowness (b*) decreased with increasing drying intensity. The bulk density values ranged from 0.19 to 0.31 g/cm³, and shrinkage values ranged from 77.57-93.47 percentages. An increase in radiation intensity led to an increase in both bulk density and %shrinkage values. However, no significant difference was observed between the drying conditions using radiation intensities of 4,929 and 6,550 W/m².

Ready-to-Consume Gamat Sea Cucumber Soup

2024-02-06T15:50:06+07:00

This research aimed to formulate the most appropriate recipe for ready-to-consume Gamat sea cucumber soup, assess customer satisfaction through sensory testing, and analyze nutritional facts including shelf-life testing. In the experiments, four Gamat sea cucumber soup recipes were tested, each formulated with varying quantities of Gamat–zero grams (control), 50, 100 and 150 grams of Gamat, respectively. The findings revealed that the recipe containing 100 grams of Gamat in the soup received the highest sensory test score. The result of the proximate analysis of Gamat soup revealed that the percentages of moisture, carbohydrates, protein, ash, and fat were 91.55, 5.18, 2.05, 1.02 and 0.20%, respectively. The proximate analysis of one serving (50 grams) of Gamat sea cucumber soup was 15 calories, 2 grams of sugar, and 0.2 grams of sodium. The advantages to consuming this soup include low calorie content, minimal sugar, low fat and sodium. It was suitable for consumers who control their weight and dietary considerations. No microorganisms were detected during the 56 day storage period. Levels of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the soup were remained within safety limits as stipulated by the Thai Community Product Standards (Reference Number 1505/2562).

Study on Quality Changes of Ready-to-Drink Dragon Blood (Peristrophe bivalvis (L.) Merr.) Tea During Storage

2024-03-27T15:24:27+07:00

This research aimed to study the shelf life of ready-to-drink dragon blood tea during storage at room temperature (30±2°C) and refrigerator temperature (4±2°C) over a period of 24 days. The experimental results showed that dragon blood tea stored at room temperature could only be preserved for one day, on the day of production. In contrast, when stored in a refrigerator, it could be preserved for 15 days. The dragon blood tea stored at room temperature exhibited significant color changes, with the hue angle shifting from red purple to yellow red. There was an increase in light transmittance (Transmittance, %T₆₇₀), decrease in alkalinity, and a significant increase of citric acid content (p≤0.05). Storing at refrigerator temperature could help decrease the color changes, with the hue angle of the dragon blood tea remaining red purple throughout the storage time. There were slight changes in acidity and citric acid content. Regarding microbial quality, it was found that dragon blood tea stored at room temperature had significantly higher total microbial, yeast, and mold count when compared with that stored in the refrigerator, resulting in shorter shelf life. In terms of sensory quality assessment, consumers consistently rated the taste of dragon blood tea stored in the refrigerator as moderately likable throughout the 15 days of storage time.

Applying of Software for Nam Dok Mai Mangoes Classification Using Color Average Technique

2024-03-27T14:40:43+07:00

The objective of this research was to develop software for sorting mangoes based on color intensity levels. The system operated by analyzing the intensity levels of the red, green, and blue components to classify mangoes by color. The system’s performance was evaluated using a newly developed algorithm tested on six sample image groups, with 10 images per group, totaling 60 images at a resolution of 640x480 pixels. The accuracy of the system was as follows: Group 1 achieved an average accuracy of 80%, Group 2 achieved 80%, Group 3 achieved 90%, Group 4 achieved 90%, Group 5 achieved 90%, and Group 6 achieved 100%. The overall average accuracy was 88.33%. The system required a camera device connected to a computer to capture images directly or to process general images through the software.

The developed system demonstrated high effectiveness, with results indicating its reliability in comparing color intensity levels. The developed algorithm exhibited high precision, consistency, and suitability for applications in mango sorting, with potential for further development in detailed color analysis.

Microencapsulation of Lingzhi extract (Ganoderma lucidum) for Controlled Release of Antioxidants in Simulated Gastrointestinal Tract of Poultry

2023-10-16T14:10:21+07:00

Lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum) mushrooms have antioxidant property. They can be used as feed additives to improve the gut health of poultry. However, antioxidants have relatively low stability and limitations in intestinal targeted delivery. Microencapsulation is a technique to improve stability, bioavailability, and release of active ingredients at a target site. This experiment aimed to develop Lingzhi extract (LE) microcapsules, evaluate controlled release and their stability under simulated poultry digestive conditions. Sodium alginate (SA) was used as a wall material to fabricate SA microcapsule containing LE as a model animal feed additive. The encapsulation efficiency (%EE), swelling performance, the release efficiency as well as the antioxidant stability under simulated GI were examined. LE encapsulated in SA microcapsules had a good %EE (73.50±0.05%). Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that SA microcapsule improved its thermal stability. The swelling result indicated great performance of microcapsules (64.96±2.04% and 86.00±1.77% in gastric and intestinal stages, respectively), whereas SA displayed the cumulative release of LE in gastric stage (41.00±1.98%) and in intestinal stage (85.02±2.33%), respectively. Additionally, SA microcapsules retained antioxidant activity under acids, bile, trypsin, including thermal conditions. In conclusion, the SA microcapsule could be considered as a promising driver of LE, drugs, and active compounds, etc. Consequently, LE/SA microcapsule can be used as a feed additive, and it has to be further investigated in In Vivo.

A Survey of Coronaviruses in Birds in Thailand

2024-06-10T15:16:53+07:00

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a global threat to public health, animal health, and wildlife health. They cause emerging infectious diseases and infect multiple hosts. While there have been numerous studies on mammalian coronaviruses, research on CoVs in birds is limited. To bridge this gap, the Department of National Parks, Wildlife, and Plant Conservation conducted a survey in Thailand to investigate CoVs in various bird species. Between October 2020 and September 2022, oral and cloacal swabs were collected from these birds and analyzed in the laboratory using RT-PCR and sequencing to detect and identify CoVs. A total of 530 samples were collected from 24 bird species, including shorebirds, waterfowl, wading birds, passerines and doves. Among these, 265 birds were identified, with 41.51% (110/265) being shorebirds, 21.13% (56/265) waterfowl, 20.38% (54/265) passerines, 10.19% (27/265) doves, and 6.79% (18/265) wading birds. The positive rate of CoVs was found to be 6.03% (16/265). These positive samples were classified as gammacoronaviruses, with 6.52% (3/46) detected in Lesser Whistling-Duck (Dendrocygna javanica) and 2.63% (1/38) in Whiskered Tern (Chlidonias hybrida). Deltacoronaviruses were identified in 100% (6/6) of Eastern Cattle Egret (Bubulcus coromandus), 33.33% (2/6) of Indian Cormorant (Phalacrocorax fuscicollis), 28.57% (2/7) of Little Egret (Egretta garzetta), 9.09% (1/11) Rock Pigeon (Columba livia), and 6.66% (2/30) of Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica). It is worth noting that all positive birds appeared to be healthy. The genetic characteristics of these CoVs were similar to those found in similar bird species in other regions. Although there were no reports of abnormal sickness or mortality events among birds in the study areas, the results suggest the circulation of these viruses in local birds and their potential role in maintaining the viral transmission cycle in the region. To gain a better understanding of the epidemiology of CoVs in birds and to monitor the viral transmission cycle in the region, continuous surveillance of CoVs in migratory birds should be conducted.

Cost and Return of Palian Pepper Cultivation in Palian District, Trang Province

2024-01-19T09:45:58+07:00

The purpose of this research was to study Palian pepper cultivation system, cost and return. The goal was to benefit planning efforts for promoting the cultivation of Palian pepper in Palian district, Trang province, and other areas with similar physical, economic, and social characteristics, to advance their agricultural development. Data were gathered through interviews. This research enlisted the participation of 21 particular farmer target groups. The collected data were analyzed using basic descriptive statistics such as percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The research results revealed that the majority of farmers were female, with an average age of 55.33 years. Most had completed a Bachelor's degree or higher. The average household had 3.61 members, with 1.95 members involved in agriculture. The average monthly income was 18,095.23 Baht, and the average household debt was 374,117.64 Baht. The majority of the farmers were members of the Bank for Agriculture and Agricultural Cooperatives (BAAC). They received agricultural news from television and followed agricultural news daily. Regarding the Palian pepper variety planting system, it was found that farmers had an average of 2.57 years of experience in growing peppers. They had an average total landholding of 10.52 rai, with 1.71 rai dedicated to pepper cultivation. The initial seed source came from within the village, and the peppers were primarily grown for sale. However, the farmers had never received training on pepper cultivation. The planting method was monoculture, using cuttings for propagation. They used concrete poles for support, planting at a distance of 2x2 meters, with an average of 1.85 plants per pole. Groundwater was used for irrigation, and no soil nutrient analysis was conducted. Organic fertilizer was mostly used. The first harvest occurred an average of 13.50 months after planting, with subsequent harvests occurring every 3.50 months on average. Initial expenses on farm input to set up the new plot (less than 1 year old) was averaged at 85,565.48 Baht per rai. The average yield after the first harvest (1 year or older) was 127.50 kilograms of dried peppers per rai. The average selling price was 400 Baht per kilogram, resulting in an average product value of 48,640.00 Baht per rai. The average variable cost was 2,123.59 Baht per rai, and the average fixed cost was 2.17 Baht per rai. The average net income was 46,948.00 Baht per rai, and the average net profit was 46,911.00 Baht per rai. Despite the lower dry yield of the Palian pepper variety compared to other varieties like the Salawak in Chanthaburi and Rayong provinces, farmers received relatively better prices than in other areas. They also used production factors, especially fertilizers, focusing on organic fertilizers which were cheaper than chemical fertilizers and ensured consumer safety. Therefore, promoting peppers production should focus on reducing costs and enhancing farmers’ knowledge of scientific production principles to address the problems they face.

A Study of Production and Marketing System of Srivijaya Naked Neck Crossbred Chicken

2024-03-26T15:19:57+07:00

The purpose of this research was to study the production and marketing system of Srivijaya naked neck crossbred chicken in Nakhon Sri Thammarat province. Data were collected from a sample of 30 farmers and 12 samples from wholesale, retail merchants, and community restaurants through a structured interview form. The study focused on the cost and return of producing Srivijaya naked neck crossbred chicken in a single generation with an average age of 12 weeks. Farmers earned an average net income per production cycle of 3.09 baht/bird/production cycle, and the average income over cash cost was 18.68 baht/bird/production cycle with a return on investment (ROI) ratio of 2.82. The average total cost of raising Srivijaya naked neck crossbred chicken was 109.41 baht/bird/production cycle, which was separated into fixed and variable costs. The fixed cost consisted of depreciation and opportunity cost, which were non-cash. The largest fixed cost was the opportunity cost of investment. The three important variable costs included feed, with the highest percentage at 72.93 percent, breeding cost, which accounted for 10.97 percent, and non-cash household labor, accounting for 8.96 percent, respectively.

The distribution channel showed that farmers preferred selling Srivijaya naked neck crossbred chicken to community consumers/community restaurants, which accounted for 63.33 percent, followed by merchants in the local area, which accounted for 26.67 percent, and distribution to wholesale/retail merchants, which accounted for 10.00 percent, respectively. Regarding the focus group, together with crossbred chicken farmers, local gathering merchants, wholesalers/retailers, and restaurant operators, a total of 12 participants proposed guidelines for developing the production of commercial Srivijaya naked neck crossbred chicken by using marketing tools (4P's). These guidelines consisted of products that consumers prefer: crossbred chickens that are soft, have a firm texture, and are not sticky, with a body weight of about 1.2 – 1.5 kilograms. As for the price, the price was considered suitable for the expected quality. Distribution channels should focus on expanding to reach consumers both online and offline. Marketing promotions should include education about the nutritional values of crossbred chicken. In addition, all sectors involved should promote it to create awareness and help increase the demand for native crossbred chicken consumption in the future.

Market Dynamics and Efficiency Analysis of Native Chicken Trade in Phatthalung Province

2024-02-22T14:30:47+07:00

This study aimed to examine the general characteristics of the native chicken trade, including the marketing structure, behavior, and operational results in Phatthalung Province's native chicken market. Data were collected from three groups of native chicken traders: 6 local collectors, 4 provincial collectors, and 16 retail chicken traders. Questionnaires were employed for data collection, followed by descriptive and quantitative data analysis. The study revealed that many sellers characterize the live chicken market structure and relatively few buyers, whereas the carcass chicken market has many buyers but few sellers. Local collectors' analysis of the live chicken market indicated a marketing margin of 8.40 Baht per kilogram. Price and technical marketing efficiency are reported at 112.24 and 9.17, respectively. Provincial collectors experience a marketing margin of 17.59 Baht per kilogram, and price marketing efficiency and technical marketing efficiency at 124.73 and 5.04, respectively. Retailers purchasing carcass chicken directly from farmers report a marketing margin of 63.04 Baht per kilogram, and price marketing efficiency and technical marketing efficiency at 191.41 and 3.12, respectively. Retailers who buy chicken from collectors see a marketing margin of 59.29 Baht per kilogram, and price marketing efficiency and technical marketing efficiency at 179.05 and 2.21, respectively.

Factors Related to Farmers' Decision to Use Rice Seeds in Mueang District, Suphanburi Province

2024-03-22T11:43:48+07:00

This research aimed to study 1) the socio-economic of farmers in Mueang district, Suphan Buri province 2) knowledge levels of farmers about rice seeds 3) marketing mix factors in farmers' selection of rice seed purchasing decision 4) problems and suggestions to used rice varieties 5) factors related to farmers' decision to use rice seeds. Data was collected from 400 farmers who were rice growers in 2023 in Mueang district, Suphan Buri province, using questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and tested the hypothesis by Chi-Square.

The results showed that 1) Most of the population was female. Age average was 54.96 years, graduate at the primary school. They were experience in rice growing at the average of 22.39 years. Farmers chose to grow paddy rice as the main plant. The most popular variety was RD41. Rice growing area average was 22.69 rai. Most of them were rental places. Farmers used rice seeds rate at 28.94 kg. /rai. Rice seeds sown in flooded field. The average cost of rice production was 4,562 Baht/rai. The average yield was 906kg./rai. The average selling price of the produce was 10,204 Baht/ton. The average return from growing rice was 4,731 Baht/rai, 2) The knowledge level of farmers is at a moderate level, 3) Marketing mix factors found that farmers gave important to high yields variety, followed by promotion, 4) The most common problems that farmers encounter were product problems including the quality and price of rice seeds, farmers needs government to controls quality, and market prices of rice seeds. and 5) Related factor to used rice varieties of farmers were planting objective, soil type, water source, rice seeds sellers, cost (rice seeds price), yields, knowledge level of farmers, and effect from people in the community. The factor was significant related to used rice varieties at 0.05 level.

Editorial

2025-01-22T14:54:58+07:00

วารสารวิจัยและส่งเสริมวิชาการเกษตร ปีที่ 41 ฉบับที่ 3 (กันยายน–ธันวาคม 2567) เป็นฉบับสุดท้ายของปี พ.ศ. 2567 ก่อนอื่นใด ทางกองบรรณธิการวารสารวิจัย ฯ ต้องขอแสดงความเสียใจ และมีความห่วงใยต่อพี่น้องประชาชนเป็นอย่างมาก ที่ได้รับผลกระทบจากพายุฝนที่สร้างความเสียหายทั้งภาคเหนือและภาคใต้ของประเทศ โดยในช่วงสามเดือนท้ายของปีนี้ จังหวัดเชียงรายเกิดฝนตกหนักต่อเนื่องหลายวัน น้ำป่าไหลหลาก น้ำท่วมฉับพลันในหลายพื้นที่ ราษฎรได้รับผลกระทบกว่า 60,000 ครัวเรือน พื้นที่เกษตรและปศุสัตว์ได้รับผลกระทบเป็นวงกว้าง ในขณะที่ภาคใต้นั้น สถานการณ์อุทกภัยครอบคลุมพื้นที่กว่า 11 จังหวัด ได้แก่ ชุมพร ระนอง สุราษฎร์ธานี นครศรีธรรมราช พัทลุง ตรัง สตูล สงขลา ปัตตานี ยะลา และนราธิวาส เกษตรกรและพื้นที่เกษตรกรรมได้รับผลกระทบจำนวนมาก ผลกระทบ และความเสียหายที่เกิดขึ้นนั้น เห็นได้ชัดเจนว่าเราตกอยู่ในภาวะการแปรปรวนของสภาพดินฟ้าอากาศอย่างมาก การปรับเปลี่ยนและพัฒนารูปแบบการผลิตพืชและสัตว์จึงมีความจำเป็นที่ต้องพัฒนาอยู่อย่างต่อเนื่อง

วารสารวิจัย ฯ ฉบับนี้ ท่านจะได้พบกับบทความวิจัยและบทความวิชาการ ในประเด็นต่าง ๆ เพื่อตอบสนองความต้องการของสังคมภายใต้การเปลี่ยนแปลงของสภาพดินฟ้าอากาศ ได้แก่ การศึกษาวิจัยด้านเทคโนโยลีการปลูกพืชต่างๆ การศึกษาวิจัยด้านความหลากหลายทางชีวภาพ การคัดเลือกสายพันธุ์ การแปรรูป การพัฒนาผลิตภัณฑ์พืชและสมุนไพร งานวิจัยเกี่ยวกับการผลิตและการตลาดของไก่พื้นเมือง ตลอดจนงานวิจัยอื่น ๆ ที่น่าสนใจที่หลากหลาย

วารสารวิจัย ฯ หวังว่าผู้อ่านจะได้รับประโยชน์ไม่มากก็น้อยเพื่อเป็นการส่งเสริมและแลกเปลี่ยน องค์ความรู้เพื่อช่วยกันพัฒนาการเกษตรไทยให้ก้าวหน้าและทันต่อการเปลี่ยนแปลงยิ่ง ๆ ขึ้นไป และในศุภวารดิถีขึ้นปีใหม่ พุทธศักราช 2568 นี้ กระผมและกองบรรณาธิการวารสารวิจัยและส่งเสริมวิชาการเกษตร ขอให้ทุกท่านได้ประสบแต่ความสุข ความเจริญ ให้สุขภาพแข็งแรง มีความเจริญก้าวหน้าในหน้าที่การงาน และสุขสมหวังในสิ่งที่ปรารถนาทุกประการ ด้วยเทอญ แล้วพบกันใหม่ในฉบับหน้า 2568 ครับ