Journal of Agricultural Research and Extension

Editorial

2025-08-26T10:32:06+07:00

วารสารวิจัยและส่งเสริมวิชาการเกษตร ปีที่ 42 ฉบับที่ 2 (พฤษภาคม–สิงหาคม 2568) ฉบับนี้ เป็นฉบับที่สองของปี 2568 อยู่ในช่วงฤดูการเพาะปลูกพืชผลการเกษตร ซึ่งแม้ว่าจะมีปัจจัยสนับสนุนจากปริมาณฝนเพิ่มขึ้นตั้งแต่ปลายปี 2567 มีปริมาณน้ำเพียงพอต่อการเพาะปลูก สภาพอากาศเอื้ออำนวยต่อการเจริญเติบโตของพืชและสัตว์ แต่อย่างไรก็ตามในส่วนของความแปรปรวนของสภาพอากาศยังคงเป็นปัจจัยเสี่ยง สถานการณ์แนวโน้มเศรษฐกิจ มีความผันผวนมาก ราคาผลผลิตตกต่ำ ซึ่งอาจเป็นผลพวงจากความไม่มั่นคงทางการเมือง กอปรกับสถานการณ์ความมั่นคง ตามแนวชายแดน โดยเฉพาะกรณีความขัดแย้งระหว่างไทยและกัมพูชา รวมถึงสถานการณ์เศรษฐกิจโลกที่ชะลอตัว โดยมีปัจจัยเสี่ยงเพิ่มเติมจากมาตรการกีดกันทางการค้าที่เพิ่มขึ้น ซึ่งผลกระทบสงครามการค้าจะมีผลกระทบต่อห่วงโซ่อุปทานโลก และกระทบการส่งออกสินค้าเกษตรไทย วารสารวิจัย ฯ จึงขอเป็นกำลังใจทุกภาคส่วนให้ผ่านพ้นวิกฤตินี้โดยเร็ว

วารสารวิจัย ฯ ฉบับนี้ ท่านจะได้พบกับเนื้อหาบทความที่หลากหลายประเด็น เช่น เทคโนโลยีและนวัตกรรมการผลิตพืชที่หลากหลายชนิด ได้แก่ ฟ้าทะลายโจร ผักกาดหอม พริกพันธุ์พื้นเมืองนครพนม ฝรั่ง พริกลูกผสม การสารเคลือบเมล็ดพันธุ์อินทรีย์ต่อลักษณะทางกายภาพและคุณภาพเมล็ดพันธุ์มะเขือเทศและคะน้า การประเมินฟักทอง ถั่วเหลืองฝักสด เทคโนโลยีทางด้านสัตว์น้ำ เช่น การศึกษาการเจริญเติบโตและอัตราการรอดของปูภูเขา การเลี้ยงกุ้งทะเล ผลิตภัณฑ์การแปรรูป เช่น ความคงตัวของสารให้สีจากธรรมชาติ และคุณภาพผลิตภัณฑ์ทับทิมกรอบในระหว่างการเก็บรักษาด้วยกระบวนการแช่เยือกแข็ง ผลิตภัณฑ์แชมพูปิดผมขาวจากข้าวไรซ์เบอรี่และสารสกัดงาดำ และเทคโนโลยีทางด้านการจัดการทรัพยากรการเกษตร แนวทางการประเมินประสิทธิภาพการใช้ถ่านชีวภาพเพื่อลดความเป็นกรดของดิน การประเมินความเสี่ยงภัยแล้งพื้นที่ปลูกมะม่วง เป็นต้น

กองบรรณธิการ วารสารวิจัยฯ หวังว่าท่านผู้อ่านจะได้รับความรู้ ได้แนวคิดในการต่อยอดศึกษาวิจัย เพื่อพัฒนาองค์ความรู้ด้านการเกษตรให้ดียิ่ง ๆ ขึ้นต่อไป แล้วพบกันใหม่ในฉบับสุดท้ายของปี ครับ

Comparison on Growth, Yield and Total Lactone Content of Different Andrographis paniculata Varieties Grown in Lysimeter Tank

2024-08-27T11:13:51+07:00

The objective of this research was to compare the growth, yield, and total lactone content of four varieties of Andrographis paniculata cultivated in lysimeter tanks for water and nutrient use studies. The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Lampang Province. The experiment followed a completely randomized design (CRD) with eight replications and four treatments, including Phichit 4–4, Phitsanulok 5–4, and two commercial varieties (Golden Mountain brand and Compass brand variety). The results showed no statistically significant differences in stem growth and physiology. However, significant differences were observed in yield, yield components, and phytochemical concentrations. The Phitsanulok 5-4 and Compass brand varieties produced the highest dry weights, with averages of 20.26 and 20.74 grams per plant, respectively. Meanwhile, Phichit 4-4 and Golden Mountain brand varieties had average dry weights of 17.12 and 16.28 grams per plant, respectively. The total lactone content, calculated as andrographolide, exceeded the standard for Andrographis paniculata in all four varieties, ranging from 23.64 to 27.70 grams per 100 grams of dry weight. Among them, the Phichit 4-4 variety had the highest average value.

Influence of Plastic Film Covering Plant Colored on Growth Quality and Yield of Lettuces

2023-11-21T10:59:53+07:00

The greenhouse cover plastic film is one of the most important factors in plant growth in the greenhouse. Therefore, the selection of the type of plastic film has an impact on plant growth and yield. The objective of this experiment was to study the influence of different types of plastic film on the growth and yield of lettuce. The experiment was designed as a split plot in CRD (Completely Randomized Design). Main plot, which was the type of plastic film, consisted of four treatments: red plastic, yellow plastic, white plastic, and an uncovered as a control (Sunlight). Sub plot was the lettuce variety, comprising two varieties: Red Oak and Green Oak. The hydroponic NFT system was used for lettuce cultivation, and data on growth and yield were collected 45 days after sowing. Results indicated significant interactions between plastic film types and lettuce varieties. Green Oak under red plastic exhibited the tallest plants, similar to those under yellow plastic. Red Oak under white plastic showed the widest canopy. Planting Green Oak under white, red, and yellow plastic led to more leaves than uncovered or sunlight conditions. Both Red Oak and Green Oak under yellow plastic had the highest leaf count compared to the sunlight group. White and yellow plastic-covered lettuce had higher SPAD values and leaf color expression (L*, a*, b*) than red plastic. The redness value (a*) of leaves was lowest in the white and yellow plastic groups. Thus, planting lettuce under white and yellow plastic film was most suitable for achieving optimal growth and yield compared to red plastic.

Seed Physiological Maturity of 3 Varieties of Nakhon Phanom Local Chili

2024-03-28T13:21:02+07:00

Chili pepper is an important vegetable worldwide including Thailand. Local crop varieties have some good agronomic and horticultural traits, i.e., disease resistance and environmental stress tolerance. Therefore, to improve local chili production, the investigation of seed physiology and quality is necessary to enhance chili yield. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between fruit ripening stages and seed quality in Prik-Pi, Prik-Phee and Prik-Khee-Noo-Suan. All of the chili varieties were evaluated at the Nakhon Phanom University during October 2020–March 2021. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used with 3 replications and 50 seeds of each variety per replication. The results clearly showed that colour parameters and the seed qualities were cultivar and fruit ripening-dependent. At 45 days after anthesis (DAA) for Prik-Pi, Prik-Phee and 41 DAA for Prik-Khee-Noo-Suan were suitable for seed harvesting as the seeds had reached physical and physiological maturity and gave the highest values for seed qualities (%germination, %normal seedling, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight and biomass). Moreover, days after anthesis could be used as an indicator of harvesting time. That is following certain days after anthesis, depending on cultivar, chili fruits displayed a colour transition from orange to red while remaining firm.

Correlation between Pollen Viability, Germination and Weather Conditions with Fruit Set in ‘Seedless’ ‘Den Khun Wang’ and ‘Bangkok Apple’ Guavas

2023-10-31T15:21:34+07:00

The study aimed to investigate the relationship between pollen viability, pollen germination, and climatic conditions and their effects on the fruit set of three guava cultivars: ‘Seedless,’ ‘Den Khun Wang,’ and ‘Bangkok Apple.’ The primary objective was to identify the causes of low fruit set in seedless guavas. Climatic conditions recorded included temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, and precipitation. Experiments were conducted on guava cultivars grown in field plots within the 7th Infantry Division area, Mae Rim District, Chiang Mai Province. Data analysis revealed a positive correlation between pollen viability and fruit set across all three cultivars (‘Seedless’ r = 0.755; ‘Den Khun Wang’ r = 0.690; ‘Bangkok Apple’ r = 0.706). Each cultivar exhibited peak fruit set during distinct periods. ‘Seedless’ guava in August (56.54%), ‘Den Khun Wang’ in October (71.43%), and ‘Bangkok Apple’ in April and June (42.77% and 40.00%, respectively). Climatic factors also showed consistent positive correlations with fruit set across the cultivars, including relative humidity (‘Seedless’ r = 0.246; ‘Den Khun Wang’ r = 0.296; ‘Bangkok Apple’ r = 0.343), rainfall (‘Seedless’ r = 0.383; ‘Den Khun Wang’ r = 0.322; ‘Bangkok Apple’ r = 0.457), and precipitation (‘Seedless’ r = 0.356; ‘Den Khun Wang’ r = 0.232; ‘Bangkok Apple’ r = 0.363). These findings highlight the significant influence of climatic factors on guava fruit set and suggest that effective production planning based on climatic data could improve yields in the studied cultivars.

The Effect of Pretreatment Period and 2,4-D Concentration on Anther Culture of Pepper Hybrid ‘Pak Klong’

2024-06-27T15:03:39+07:00

Double haploid lines are useful in generating material for parental line in hybrid development. This research was to study the effect of pretreatment period and 2,4-D concentration on anther culture of pepper conducted at Chiangrai Highland Agricultural Research and development Center during 2020-2021. Anther culture of F₁ hybrid chili pepper var. ‘Pak Klong’ was performed. Anthers containing microspores at the late uninucleate stage were collected and cultured on C medium supplemented with 0.1 and 0.3 mg/l of 2,4-D and 0.1 mg/l kinetin. The cultured plates were incubated at 35^OC for 4, 6 and 8 days and moved to 25^OC in the dark for 10 days. Then anthers were transferred to R medium containing 0.1 mg/l kinetin under 16 h day length. Forty days after culturing, embryos emerged from anthers which were transferred to the plant growth regulator free R medium. The highest number of embryos developed to plantlets was 5.8 plantlets/100 anthers when cultured on C medium containing 0.1 mg/l 2,4-D plus 0.1 mg/l kinetin in the dark at 35 °C or 6 day. Chloroplast counting could be used to determine the ploidy level. The investigation of whether diploid plants were derived from spontaneous chromosome doubling was done by using a microsatellite marker. The results revealed 18 haploid plants and 22 spontaneous double haploid from 1,270 anthers.

Effects of the Shelf Life of Organic Seed Coating Formulations on the Physical Characteristics and Quality of Tomato and Collard Green Seeds

2024-07-09T14:41:57+07:00

In conventional agriculture, most crops are grown from seeds coated with chemicals to protect against diseases and pests, which can reduce the impact of unfavorable growing conditions. However, in organic farming systems, the use of chemically treated seeds is not permitted, potentially lowering the efficiency of organic seed utilization. Therefore, developing organic seed coating formulations can enhance the viability of organic seeds, making them comparable to conventionally grown crops. This experiment therefore aimed to study the formula of organic seed coating using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) created with four replications for three seed coating formulations: 0.3% w/v gum arabic, 0.2% w/v sodium alginate, and 0.1% w/v xanthan gum. These formulations were stored under two different conditions: controlled conditions (4 °C) and ambient conditions (27±2 °C). The coating formula was stored for 12 months and their physical characteristics were tested every three months over a 12-month period. Additionally, the formulations were tested on tomato and collard green seeds. The result indicated that the pH of all three formulations was initially highly alkaline but gradually decreased over the storage period. All formulations maintained suitable viscosity for seed coating throughout the storage period under both conditions. 0.3% w/v gum arabic film maintained 100% water solubility throughout storage, while 0.2% w/v sodium alginate and 0.1% w/v xanthan gum films showed good water solubility for the three months, which decreased over time. 0.2% w/v sodium alginate demonstrated formulation the highest radicle emergence and germination percentages for both tomato and collard green seeds compared to other formulations. Therefore, organic seed coating prepared with 0.2% w/v sodium alginate stored in controlled conditions for 12 months is recommended as an effective organic seed costing for coating tomato and kale seeds.

Evaluation of Eighteen Thong Lanna Pumpkin Varieties

2024-10-02T15:53:19+07:00

Eighteen varieties of Thong Lanna pumpkin have been registered as new plant varieties under the Plant Variety Protection Act of 1999 through a collaboration between Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna and the National Science and Technology Development Agency. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of these 18 Thong Lanna varieties alongside 4 standard varieties. The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block (RCB) with three replicates over three seasons (November 2019 to March 2021) at an experimental plot in Lampang Province. A combined analysis in RCB across the three seasons revealed no statistically significant differences in harvest period, total solid content, soluble solid content of raw and cooked flesh, or firmness of raw and cooked samples. The Thong Lanna varieties exhibited a harvest period that averaged 7.9 and 3.9 days longer than the standard varieties. Total solids content in Thong Lanna varieties averaged 17.7 and 18.4%, which was lower than the standard varieties, though Thong Lanna varieties 11, 17, 18, as well as standard varieties 1 and 2, contained solid above 19.0%. The soluble solids content of raw and cooked flesh was also slightly lower in Thong Lanna varieties (averaging 9.9 and 10.9%, respectively) compared to standard varieties (10.2 and 11.1%). Notably, Thong Lanna varieties 10 and 17 achieved soluble solids content exceeding 11.0%. During the rainy season (June to November 2020), yields increased, with higher number of fruits per plant and greater fruit weight observed. By applying independent culling selection, Thong Lanna varieties 17, 10, 18, 1, 6, 8 and 14 were identified as having superior economic traits compared to standard variety B.

Guidelines for Evaluating the Efficiency of Biochar in Reducing Soil Acidity

2025-02-24T15:12:55+07:00

Evaluation of suitable application rate of biochar produced from various agricultural and agro-industrial materials is required to serve as a guideline for farmers. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the optimal application rate of biochar and assess its potential impact on early plant growth. The study consisted of three main steps: (1) optimizing the biochar application rate before conducting a pot experiment, (2) studying the chemical and physical properties of the selected biochar and (3) evaluating plant growth responses. The initial experiment involved incubating acidic soils with known lime requirement (LR) alongside biochar derived from spent mushroom substrate (SMS) and coconut shell (CS), which was mixed with slaked lime (L). Five treatments were tested: SMS 0.5LR, SMS 0.75LR, CS:L (3:1) LR, and CS:L (1:1) LR. A completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 replications was employed. Results showed that SMS 0.5LR and CS:L (1:3) LR effectively increased soil pH without exceeding 7.5, making them suitable for further investigation. A subsequent experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with six replications. Treatments included slaked lime at LR, SMS at 0.5LR, CS:L (1:3) at LR, and recommended chemical fertilizers, compared to untreated acidic soil. Plant growth parameters, including leaf greenness, and nutrient deficiency symptoms, in baby corn (Zea mays L.) were determined. Results indicated that both biochar treatments enhanced plant growth comparable to the lime treatment.

The Application of Multispectral Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for Evaluating the Yield of Vegetable Soybean at the Chiang Mai Agricultural Research Center

2023-11-09T11:22:06+07:00

The use of multispectral imagery from a small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAVs) to monitor the growth and yield of vegetable soybean had as its objective to monitor the various stages of growth associated with yield by collecting aerial growth data at 4 stages from 7, 16, 31 and 61 days after sowing (DAS), and transforming the images into the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the visible light wavebands (red green and blue, RGB) The image data was used to establish a correlation between the growth stage and the yield of vegetable soybean. The results of the study showed that the area covered by vegetable soybean increased depending on the growth stage after seed germination from a minimum 7 days and a maximum of 61 days. The green content of the leaves was lowest after 7 days and highest after 31 days. The greenness of the leaves in the RGB image tended in the same direction as the NDVI image, with values closest to -1 at 7 days and closest to 1 at 31 days. The NDVI value at 31 DAS had the best relationship with planted area (R2=0.86) with the highest value of 0.97 and the lowest of 0.77. Total production at the 31 DAS stage was in the range of 1,200 g – 1,330 g/ 2 m² (960–1,064 kg/rai) and the NDVI value was in the range of 0.65–0.79, which tended to increase the yield of fresh soybean pods depending on the NDVI value (R2=0.80).

Application of Near Infrared Spectroscopy to Detect Infestation of Sweet Potato Weevil (Cylas formicarius) in Purple Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.)

2025-02-26T13:39:24+07:00

This research aimed to detect the infestation of sweet potato weevils (Cylas formicarius) of purple sweet potatoes after harvesting using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. The purple sweet potatoes were obtained from Pangda Royal Agricultural Station with a total of 171 purple sweet potato tubers composed of 86 normal and 85 weevil infested tubers. An NIR spectrometer was used to measure the spectrum at six points on each tuber. Before dividing the spectra of the samples into calibration and validation sets, six points spectra were averaged. All spectral data were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to investigate the data’s variability. Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) was then employed to analyze and classify the spectral data of normal and infested tubers. The results showed that the PCA technique was unable to effectively demonstrate the variability in the spectral data obtained from the two sample groups. However, the NIR spectra preprocessed by the second derivative method and the PLS-DA technique were able to detect the sweet potato weevil infestation with an accuracy of 92.94%. The important wavelengths for verification were 1,395 and 1,878– 1,945 nm. As a result, NIRS and the PLS-DA model have the potential to be used to investigate the infestation of the sweet potato weevil in purple sweet potatoes.

Effects of Different Stocking Densities on Growth Performance and Survival Rate of Young Mountain Crab (Potamon sp. V) (Naiyanetr, 1998)

2024-11-18T14:02:57+07:00

The objectives of this experiment were to study the different stocking densities on growth performance and survival rates of young mountain crab (Potamon sp. V). The experiment was laid out based on a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The seven-days-old 84 young mountain crab with average beginning weight of 0.15±0.01 grams with average carapace width of 0.55±0.01 centimeters and carapace length of 0.51±0.01 centimeters were raised in plastic boxes for 4 weeks. The densities of the young crabs were different in 4 treatments i.e. 4, 6, 8 and 10 heads per 0.18 m² or 22, 33, 44 and 55 head per m². They were fed complete feed with 32% crude protein. Weight, carapace length, and carapace width were measured every 7 days. The study found that young mountain crab in each density showed significant different (p<0.05) in growth performances including average increase in carapace width, carapace length, average weight, and specific growth. There was no different in survivalrate (p>0.05). The young mountain crab raised at 4 head/0.18 m² or 22 head/m²showed the best growth performance and survival rate. Information from this study can be used as a basic data for further study or development on mountain crab raising.

Model of Using New Media for Extension and Development of Marine Shrimp Culture in Thailand

2025-01-27T14:41:28+07:00

The objectives of this research were to 1) study the context, problem conditions, and needs for promoting the use of new media among marine shrimp farmers in Thailand, 2) study the basic personal, economic and social conditions, the use of media and new media and opinions about factors related to the use of new media among farmers, 3) study knowledge, attitudes, practices and factors related to knowledge, attitudes, and practices in the use of new media, 4) analyze and synthesize the components of the new media use model, and 5) develop and evaluate a model for new media use to promote and develop marine shrimp farming in Thailand. The population included 40,983 marine shrimp farmers in Thailand. The sample size of 276 farmers was determined by using Taro Yamane's formula with an error of 0.06. The sample was sampled according to the proportion of farmers in each region. Data were collected through interviews. For model development and evaluation, the sample consisted of 12 experts and 40 farmers. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis, while quantitative data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis.

The finding revealed that 1) farmers utilized communication technologies such as the Internet of Things, Database management system, Social media use and Applications for raising marine shrimp; however, challenges remained in using new media in terms of sender, message, channel, and receivers. 2) the majority of farmers were male, with an average age of 47.17 years, an education level below a bachelor's degree, and an average of 12.02 years of experience in raising marine shrimp. Most of them were not members of farmer groups/institutions. They received news from farmer friends, training seminars, various activities, and Facebook media pages; 3) regarding new media use for shrimp farming promotion and development, farmers demonstrated high level of knowledge and attitude, with the highest level of practices. Related factors included gender, age, educational level, membership in groups and institutions, and the use of Facebook page, YouTube, and websites; 4) Components related to the use of new media, including appropriate sender, messages, communication channels, and receivers, help to make communication about shrimp culture farming effectiveness and consistent with the needs and interests of target farmers; and (5) the developed new media usage model for extension and development of marine shrimp culture in Thailand comprised the components of sender, message, communication channel, and receiver. Model evaluation showed that input and process components were rated at the highest level, while output/outcome components were rated at a high level.

Stability of Natural Colorants and Qualities of Frozen Tub Tim Grob during Storage

2024-06-26T14:45:25+07:00

The objective of this research was to develop a prototype of the best formulation of Tub Tim Grob products by using different types and ratios of flour for water chestnuts coating. The quality of the products colored with natural and commercial artificial colorants and stored in the freezing process at -18 °C for 90 days, was compared. Tub Tim Grob formula 2 using 400 grams of tapioca flour and 50 grams of arrowroot flour had the best appearance and the highest sensory acceptance scores for appearance, color, flavor, taste, texture and overall acceptability. Thus, formula 2 was selected as prototypes for a comparative study between products receiving the addition of Natural and commercial artificial colorants in Tub Tim Grob products and stored in the freezing process at -18 °C for 90 days. Tub Tim Grob in Treatment 3 using natural colorants with 10 ml per 200 ml of water had suitable formula for production of frozen Tub Tim Grob because it had the highest color stability at 0–90 days of storage (redness value (a*) up to 23.12) and sensory acceptance scores for appearance, color, smell, taste, texture and overall acceptability of 3.41, 3.52, 2.97, 3.63, 3.76 and 3.54, respectively. Moreover, it had the highest hardness value of 27.73 Newtons.

Development of Grey Hair Coverage Mild Shampoo from Herbal Extracts with Oryza sativa L. and Sesamum indicum L. Extracts

2025-02-21T15:35:50+07:00

Most of hair coloring products normally contain synthetic chemicals which can cause irritation, skin allergy and carcinogen. The aim of this study was to develop a grey hair coverage shampoo from using Oryza sativa L. and Sesamum indicum L. extracts as active ingredients together with Lawsonia inermis L. and Indigofera tinctoria L. powder as natural colorants. The total phenolic contents of Oryza sativa L. and Sesamum indicum L. were 328.02±5.06 and 210.40±6.19 mg GAE/100g extracts, respectively. The total flavonoid contents were 69.17±0.94 and 50.60±0.22 mg CE/100g extracts, respectively. The grey hair coverage shampoo was developed using 1% of Oryza sativa L. and Sesamum indicum L. extracts and 2% of Lawsonia inermis L. and Indigofera tinctoria L. powder. This shampoo product was formulated for the elderly and those who have sensitive skin as it was chemical free (not containing phenylenediamine, hydrogen peroxide, ammonia, sodium lauryl sulfate, parabens and silicone). The product had a black color, no pungent smell and was slightly alkali (pH 8). No phase separation was observed from the stability test. This shampoo was easy to use, did not reguire mixing and could cover gray hair for 14 days. The assessors gave a score of 7.6±0.9 points from a 9-point scores of sensory evaluation test.

Influence of Whipping Speed on Properties of Natural Rubber Latex Foam Filled with Longan Shell

2024-05-27T14:51:00+07:00

The effects of whipping speed on the properties of natural rubber latex foam filled with longan shells were studied. Longan shell loading was varied at 0 and 5 phr. Gelling time, bubble height from the whipping process, percentage of shrinkage, density, and compression set were determined. Whipping speeds of 100, 125, and 190 rpm were used. It was found that an increase in whipping speed caused an increase in bubble height and a decrease in gelling time and density. The whipping speed of 190 rpm showed the lowest compression set. The properties of latex foams filled with 0 and 5 phr of longan shell were compared. The obtained test results revealed that latex foam filled with 5 phr of longan shell gave lower bubble height and gelling time. Latex foam filled with 5 phr of longan shell exhibited a higher percentage of shrinkage, density, and compression set.

Agricultural Water Resource Risks from Rainfall Variability in the Upper Mae Pae Watershed, Chom Thong District, Chiang Mai

2024-02-27T10:31:14+07:00

The purpose of this research was to study the risks of rainfall variability on the availability of agricultural water resources that could identify indicators leading to a sustainable water management plan for the upper Mae Pae Watershed. The research process focused on learning from and analyzing problems with stakeholders through academic sources and empirical data to analyze changes in rainfall behavior from climate variability data from 70 years, including an analysis of watershed hydrological characteristics and water balance in the agricultural sector.

The study's results revealed several risks to water resources in the agricultural sector of the upper Mae Pae Watershed as follows: 1) The average rainfall trend in the last 15 years (from 2007–2022) decreased to only 862.43 mm/y. This amount of rainfall was below the criteria for drought (less than 900 mm/y). The decline in rainfall was influenced by 16 El Niño events, each leading to prolonged droughts lasting for more than 20 weeks; 2) The period of runoff was uneven throughout the year, with runoff occurring predominantly during the rainy season, leading to an an annual water deficit of 0.84 million cubic meters from November to April. Farmers in the area required 1.21 million cubic meters of water during this period for crop cultivation, while only 0.37 million cubic meters were available; 3) Khun Pae Reservoir and Ton Phueng Reservoir were too small to distribute water during the dry season. Additionally, the pool system faced problems in terms of both the number and location of water distribution points, resulting in an uneven and insufficient water allocation and 4) Farmers in the upstream area pumped water from Khun Pae Creek for crop cultivation during the dry season. This practice led to misunderstandings and conflicts among farmers in the upstream and downstream regions, exacerbating water resource challenges. The aforementioned water resource problems were the key factors leading to the development of the agricultural water management plan to ensure the sustainability of water resources in the upper Mae Pae Watershed.

Risk Assessment of Drought on Mango Planting Areas Using Potential Surface Analysis Technique, Maepang Sub-district, Phrao District, Chiang Mai Province

2023-09-26T14:47:48+07:00

Mae Pang Sub-district, located in the Phrao District, serves as a crucial area for exporting mangoes from Chiang Mai. However, a significant portion of the cultivation sites is situated in upland areas and is reliant on rainfall only. Consequently, the quality of mango yield is compromised, particularly during periods of drought. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of drought in these mango cultivation areas by utilizing topographic and meteorological data.The primary objective was to provide information to support decision-making by mango farmers for an effective soil and water management, with the ultimate goal of mitigating the adverse effects of drought on mango production. Through the application of spatial potential analysis (Potential Surface Analysis: PSA), several factors were examined, including the volume of rainfall, soil texture, slope, stream and irrigation, and groundwater Accordingly, the area was divided into two types of geography: upland areas totaling 1,924 rai. It was found that there was a low risk in drought in the amount of 887 rai, representing 46.10 percent, followed by moderate drought risk in 799 rai, representing 41.52 percent, and a high risk of drought in the amount of 238 rai was 12.37 percent, respectively. For mango planting areas of foothill slope and lowland areas of 372 rai, 180 rai was classified as moderate drought risk area, 118 rai was considered low drought risk area, and 74 rai was classified as high drought risk area, representing 48.38, 31.72, and 19.89 percent of the mango planting area, respectively.

Factors Influencing Farmers' Satisfaction towards Printed Media for the Technology Transfer of Turmeric Production in Paphayom District, Phatthalung Province

2025-02-21T11:38:39+07:00

This research, which involved 86 cases was aimed to study general information, satisfaction levels with printed media, and factors influencing satisfaction with printed media in transfer of turmeric production technology among farmers in Paphayom district, Phatthalung province. The turmeric grown in these areas has curcuminoid and essential oil content that exceeds standard values compared to turmeric produced in other regions. The research was conducted from June 2024 to November 2024. The instruments used for data collection were questionnaires. Data analysis used descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, and inferential statistics, including stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results of the study found that: 1) Most farmers were female (76.74%), had an average age of 51.14 years, had completed junior high school (50.00%), were married (60.77%), and had an average experience in turmeric cultivation of 10.80 years; and 2) Turmeric farmers were highly satisfied with printed media for transferring turmeric production technology (average 4.30). When considering satisfaction in each aspect, it was found that turmeric farmers were most satisfied with printed media in all aspects, namely media quality (mean 4.37), media content (mean 4.27), and media illustrations (mean 4.25). The results of the stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that gender, specifically being female, had a statistically significant influence (at the 0.05 level) on farmers' satisfaction with printed media used for technology transfer in turmeric production in Paphayom district, Phatthalung province.

Readiness of Physical Assets for Development in Maejo Agriculture and Food Innovation District

2024-05-15T14:32:58+07:00

Maejo University prioritizes the development of Maejo Municipality into the first agricultural and food innovation district in Thailand that can drive the economy, society, and elevate agricultural innovation activities. The development of the district requires an assessment of the readiness of the innovation ecosystem from 3 types of assets: physical, economic, and network assets. Among these, physical assets are considered crucial because they enhance the quality of life for residents and attract innovation entrepreneurs to invest in the area. The study focused on the concept of innovation district development theory. It aimed to assess the physical assets of the Maejo Agricultural and Food Innovation District using qualitative indicators based on the innovation ecosystem assessment approach and building understanding with stakeholders in order to plan and determine the direction for the development of Maejo Agricultural and Food Innovation District in the future.

The Maejo Agricultural and Food Innovation District has demonstrated significant potential for becoming a successful agricultural and food innovation hub based on its physical assets as follows: 1) The location of the district is near the central business of Chiang Mai. The presence of thorough and sufficient electrical and water supply systems. 2) The district's well-planned combination of agricultural areas, residential communities, and commercial zones creates a conducive environment for businesses in the agriculture and food sectors. (The availability of different types of spaces caters to the varied needs of residents, entrepreneurs, and innovators, providing opportunities for collaboration and cross-sectoral engagement.) 3) Maejo University plays a critical role in the district's development, offering valuable physical assets such as learning areas and business incubation spaces. Additionally, the presence of expert innovators ready to support knowledge transfer further strengthens the innovation ecosystem. Government agencies within the district that have learning, innovation creation, and innovation testing areas add to the potential for technology and innovation development by entrepreneurs. 4) The presence of financial institutions, markets, and transport businesses within the district provides economic stimulus and support for investment in agriculture and food businesses. (Access to financial resources and markets is essential for entrepreneurs to grow their ventures and contribute to the district's economic vitality.)

Guideline for Developing to Upgrade Farmers Producing Safe Agricultural Products to be Smart Farmers Based on the BCG Model

2025-02-11T10:54:48+07:00

This research aims to study the general information of farmers who produce safe agricultural products (SAPs), assess their knowledge and understanding of safe agricultural products, and develop strategies to elevate the SAPs farmers of the Ban Non Thong New Theory Agriculture Community Enterprise Group in Khok Takhian Subdistrict, Kab Choeng District, Surin Province, to become smart farmers based on the BCG model. A mixed research method between qualitative and quantitative research was used for data collection. The qualitative research intruments were reasearchers and research assistants, structured interviews, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussion techniques. For quantitative research, a knowledge test was examined before and after knowledge transfer sessions as a means of assessment. The participants included 20 selected members from the Ban Non Thong New Theory Agriculture Community Enterprise Group, chosen through purposive sampling. The focus group consisted of 13 representatives from the community enterprise group, 1 representative from the Faculty of Agriculture and Agricultural Industry at Surindra Rajabhat University, 1 reprentative from the Kab Choeng District Agricultural Office, and the 5 researchers.

The research findings revealed that farmers producing SAPs had insufficient knowledge and understanding to implement safe agricultural practices correctly according to the GAP standards set by the Department of Agriculture. Additionally, 19 farmers were identified as lacking the characteristics of smart farmers, thus being classified as Developing Smart Farmers group, while only one farmer met the criteria of a smart farmer (Existing Smart Farmer). Development approach for upgrading these farmers include providing necessary and relevant ongoing knowledge related to their current agricultural practices, educating them on accessing essential information sources for decision-making, fostering network creation between farmers and markets at all levels, promoting continuous knowledge and support for obtaining various agricultural production certifications, offering additional training on reducing chemical fertilizer usage and adopting biotechnological pest management, promoting awareness of the importance of transitioning to smart agriculture, and providing guidance on adding value to SAPs and promoting sales channels, especially for farmers with annual household incomes below 180,000 Baht.