Research Journal Phranakhon Rajabhat : Science and Technology

THE EFFECT OF N2 FLOW RATE TO PROPERTY OF (Cr-Al-Nb-Si-V)N FILM BY SPUTTERING TECHNIQUE

2024-07-23T21:52:54+07:00

This research aimed to study the chemical and physical properties of (Cr-Al-Nb-Si-V)N films deposited with varying nitrogen gas flow rates ranging from 0 to 5 sccm using the sputtering method. The results indicated that the nitrogen gas flow rate significantly affects the film’s morphology and crystal structure. At 0 sccm nitrogen gas flow rate, the film’s surface was smooth and the crystal structure exhibited an amorphous. However, when the nitrogen gas flow rate is increased to 1-5 sccm, the film surface shows obvious grains with sizes ranging from 16.6±2.9 to 42.0±5.1 nanometers, respectively. At a nitrogen gas flow rate of 5 sccm, the crystal structure exhibits a polycrystalline. All films showed the element composition with Cr as the predominant element. The hardness and modulus properties are also notably influenced by the change in nitrogen gas flow rates. At nitrogen gas flow rates between 0 and 3 sccm, the films exhibited average hardness values ranging from 10.4±0.8 to 11.8±0.4 GPa and average modulus values ranging from 145.7±13.7 to 157.3±5.8 GPa. These values were lower than those of the films deposited at a nitrogen gas flow rate of 5 sccm, where the average hardness is 14.7±0.8 GPa and the average modulus is 181.1±4.2 GPa. This demonstrated that when the crystal structure of the film was changed from amorphous to polycrystalline, the hardness and modulus values were increased.

4-CYCLES AND AN EQUILIBRIUM POINT IN A PIECEWISE LINEAR MAP WITH INITIAL CONDITIONS ON THE POSITIVE Y-AXIS

2024-05-09T09:13:38+07:00

This article examines the behavior of a piecewise linear map, particularly when initial conditions are set along the positive y-axis. Our focus is on the emergence of 4-cycles and an equilibrium point within the map. We identify specific regions on the y-axis where the solutions tend to move toward these 4-cycles and the equilibrium point. By partitioning the positive y-axis into smaller segments, we analyze the solution behavior through a combination of direct calculation and induction methods. This approach allows us to demonstrate that the solutions consistently reach a prime period of 4 and an equilibrium point. Notably, this finding holds true regardless of the application of stability theorems, indicating a robust pattern in the solution dynamics. This study looks closely at how these solutions change over time, giving a clear picture of their paths. By carefully dividing the positive y-axis and studying each part, we find out why the solutions move towards the 4-cycles and the equilibrium point. This detailed look shows that the map's behavior is predictable and follows a certain pattern no matter where we start on the positive y-axis. Our research helps us understand piecewise linear systems better, and these insights could be useful for other similar systems. Our findings prove that periodic behavior and equilibrium are common in these maps, making it easier to predict how they will act over a long time.

PROCUREMENT OF RAW MATERIALS FOR LIQUID ACRYLIC RESIN PRODUCTION USING FORECASTING METHODS AND MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS PLANNING

2024-10-07T16:10:55+07:00

This research aims to study the planning of placing orders for raw materials used in the production of liquid acrylic resin. The study uses the method of forecasting and material requirements planning (MRP), and begins with determining product demands though appropriate time series forecasting techniques. The results so obtained are then used for raw material order planning. It was found that for the products (D)-362 and (D)-836, the Holt-Winters exponential smoothing method should be used, for the product (D)-500, the regression analysis should be employed, for the products (D)-376 and (D)-814, the moving average method is recommended, and for the product (D)-509, the exponential smoothing technique is suitable. Forecast results were used to define the product structure for MRP, and to identify optimal raw material ordering times, which resulted in completely eliminating loss sales due to stockouts, while increasing inventory holding costs only slightly. A three-month trial of the proposed method showed that stockout related opportunity costs dropped to 0 Baht, representing a 100% reduction, while inventory holding costs increased by 751,770 Baht, or 5%, compared to the previous three-month period. The trade-off between reduced opportunity costs and increased holding costs proved that addressing this research problem is worth the effort and cost efficient.

STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF DRYING METHODS ON THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF BUTTERFLY PEA FLOWERS

2024-11-20T10:30:23+07:00

Butterfly pea is a plant with high nutritional value and contains biologically active compounds. This active compound possesses nutraceutical and antioxidant properties, which belong to the anthocyanin group. The drying and processing stages of using butterfly pea as a food ingredient cause antioxidant degradation due to heat and sugar. Studying and identifying appropriate methods for producing dried butterfly pea flowers using suitable techniques can serve as a preliminary approach to preserving the degradation of antioxidant and anthocyanin compounds. This research studied total phenolic content and antioxidant activities of 3 types of dried butterfly pea flowers: sun drying, hot air drying, and freeze-drying. The results found that freeze-dried butterfly pea flowers retained their shape and juice color similar to fresh butterfly pea flower juice. Additionally, this method effectively preserved the highest level of antioxidants. Moreover, making syrup reduces the amount of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. The butterfly pea flower juice had, a total phenolic content of 41.41±1.13 mg GAE/g and antioxidant activity of 39.76±0.55% DPPH scavenging, whereas butterfly pea flower syrup had a lower, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of 37.74±1.56 mg. GAE/g and 37.01±1.08 % DPPH scavenging, respectively.

HABITAT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR THE WELL-BEING OF THE ELDERLY IN BANG KHLA DISTRICT CHACHOENGSAO PROVINCE

2024-12-04T10:02:22+07:00

This research aimed to develop a habitat and environmental management model for the wellbeing of the elderly in Bang Khla district, Chachoengsao province. There were two phases of research; Phase 1 explored factors related to behaviour regarding management. Phase 2 developed a habitat and environmental management model for the wellbeing of the elderly. The studied population were elderly people aged 60 and above. The phase one sample was 175 people selected via a simple random sampling method. The phase 2 sample was 35 people selected via purposive sampling. The Phase 1 research instrument was a questionnaire which studied knowledge of risk perception and behaviour regarding habitat and management of the environment. Data was collated and displayed by percentages, mean, standard deviation and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient evaluated for statistical analysis. The phase 2 research instrument was a semi-structured interview, along with a focus group. Evaluation was via content analysis. Results showed that risk perception regarding habitat and environmental management was related to behaviour. This was statistically significant at 0.05. The habitat and environmental management model for the elderly consists of 2 main parts; 1) appropriate housing infrastructure for the elderly and 2) facilities within the habitat.

DEVELOPMENT OF BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION MODEL FOR PREVENTION COVID 19 AMONG THE ELDERLY BY COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN BANG NAM PRIAO DISTRICT CHACHOENGSAO PROVINCE.

2024-11-11T09:54:57+07:00

The purpose of this mixed-method study is to investigate the factors influencing elderly people’ COVID-19 preventative behavior and to create a model for altering conduct to shield elderly people from COVID-19. The quantitative study made up the sample group of 400 senior
citizens (60 years of age and over) who reside in Bang Nam Priao District, Chachoengsao Province, which used multi-stage random sampling. Tools used; General details, awareness of how to prevent COVID-19, perceptions of preventing COVID-19, attitudes towards health, and the act of self-defense against COVID-19. The nine factors were identified as influencing COVID-19 preventive behavior such
as lower secondary level, perceived benefits, perceived aggression, farming, spouse and kids, lack of education, Islam, higher secondary level, and associate’s degree or vocational certificate.The qualitative research: three groups of six to ten interview subjects by using content analysis on a range of randomly chosen cases such as elderly people, carers for the elders, community leaders, professional
nurses, village health volunteers, and public health officers. It was discovered that elderly people
lacked knowledge and lacked awareness such as they did not share meals with serving spoons, did not wear masks, did not wash their hands, had different beliefs, and were not afraid of contracting COVID-19. To avoid COVID-19 in the elderly, the researchers used the factors they had collected to create four primary activities; 1. public relations; 2. knowledge sharing; 3. altering attitudes and health beliefs; and 4. encouragement.

INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZER, GOAT MANURE AND AZOLLA ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF KHAI MOD RIN RICE GROWN UNDER POT CONDITION

2024-09-19T11:25:16+07:00

Khai Mod Rin rice is an important local rice variety of Nakhon Si Thammarat. The rice germplasm was maintained by farmers for planting in the succeeding season. The main problem of rice cultivation is the cost of production and increased rice production factors cost e.g. animal manure and chemical fertilizers. The objective of this study was to compare the growth and yield of Khai Mod Rin rice after being treated with different fertilizers. The plot experiment was conducted at the experimental fields of the Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Si Thammarat Rajabhat University from August 2021 to March 2022. The experimental design was randomized complete block design with 10 replications and 4 treatments; (T1) chemical fertilizer (46-0-0) applied as control, (T2) goat manure, (T3) mixed chemical fertilizer and goat manure (ratio 1:1) and (T4) Azolla. The results showed that using different types of fertilizer had significantly affected the number of tillers per hill, the number of panicles per hill, the number of filled seeds per hill, 100 grains weight, and total grain weight per hill. With T2, the yield per hill was significantly (P≤0.01) higher than the other treatments, at 18.59 g. However, T4 showed the highest plant height at an average of 130.77 cm. It can be concluded that using Azolla alone in rice cultivation did not provide enough plant nutrients for satisfactory rice yield.

EFFECTS OF ENCAPSULATION SUBSTANCES ON DRYING OF GAC FRUIT: PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND STORAGE STABILITY

2024-11-30T20:52:33+07:00

This research aimed to identify suitable encapsulation materials for producing Gac fruit powder using the tray drying technique and to assess changes during storage at different temperatures. The encapsulating substances investigated included 20% Maltodextrin, 1% Tween80, a combination of 20% Maltodextrin and 1% Tween80, and a mixture of 2% Gelatin and 1% Carboxymethyl cellulose (w/w). Drying was performed at 60°C until the moisture content reached 10%. The encapsulated Gac fruit powder was analyzed for moisture content, water activity, encapsulation yield, color values (L*, a*, b*), bulk density, solubility, ß-carotene, lycopene contents, and structural characteristics using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The combination of 20% Maltodextrin and 1% Tween80
demonstrated superior characteristics in terms of overall powder yield and solubility, suggesting its effectiveness as a primary encapsulation matrix. Conversely, when assessing the preservation of bioactive compounds, 1% Tween80 and a complex mixture of 2% Gelatin combined with 1% Carboxymethyl cellulose showed notable efficacy. Storage tests in vacuum aluminum foil bags at 4°C, 30°C, and 40°C revealed that the encapsulated Gac fruit powder could be stored for over 8 weeks under all conditions. However, significant changes were observed over time, including an increase in color difference (∆E) and a decrease in lycopene and ß-carotene contents with higher temperatures and extended storage time. Thus, storing Gac fruit powder in vacuum-sealed packaging at low temperatures is recommended to minimize the loss of these nutrients and gradual physical changes.