Cytogenetic verification of Curcuma candida (Zingiberaceae) from Thailand and Myanmar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20531/tfb.2020.48.1.02Keywords:
Chromosome number, Curcuma, cytotaxonomy, Kaempferia, meiosis, mitosis, ZingiberaceaeAbstract
Curcuma candida is a conservation-vulnerable species, rare and endemic to the Tenasserim Range (Thio Khao Tanaosri). This species was initially classified into the genus Kaempferia, based on morphology of specimen from Myanmar, and was given the name K. candida in 1830, but the first specimen from Thailand was only discovered in 2000. With the addition of molecular evidence, the species was transferred to Curcuma. The aim of the present study was therefore to find cytogenetic identity of C. candida, by investigating mitotic and meiotic divisions of five accessions obtained from the border districts of Thailand and Myanmar, in comparison with previous cytogenetic records of Curcuma and Kaempferia. The results show that C. candida is diploid with 2n = 42 and there is no variation among accessions. All accessions showed meiotic figure representing 21 bivalents during microsporogenesis, indicating the secondary base number x = 21. These chromosomal characteristics are closely similar to those found in diploid Curcuma species. The present paper also includes field observation and description of the plant phenology. The work has underlined an urgent need to protect this species in nature. During the sample collection trips we witnessed an excessive collection of edible flowers for local consumption.
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References
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Kaewkroek, K., Watanapiromsakul, C., Kongsairee, P. & Twetrakul, S. (2013). Nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitory substances from the rhizomes of Kaempferia marginata. Natural Product Communications 8: 1205–1208.
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Nopporncharoenkul, N., Chanmai, J., Jenjittikul, T., Anamthawat‐Jónsson, K. & Soontornchainaksaeng, P. (2017). Chromosome number variation and polyploidy in 19 Kaempferia (Zingiberaceae) taxa from Thailand and one species from Laos. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 55: 466–476.
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Paramee, S., Sookkhee, S., Sakonwasun, C., Na Takuathung, M., Mungkornasawakul, P. & et al. (2018). Anti-cancer effects of Kaempferia parviflora on ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 18: 178.
Puangpairote, T., Maknoi, C., Jenjittikul, T., Anamthawat-Jónsson, K. & Soontornchainaksaeng, P. (2016). Natural triploidy in phytooestrogen producing Curcuma species and cultivars from Thailand. Euphytica 208: 47–61.
Raghavan, T.S. & Venkatasubban, K.R. (1943). Cytological studies in the family Zingiberaceae with special reference to chromosome number and cyto-taxonomy. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Science, Section B 17: 118–132.
Ramachandran, K. (1961). Chromosome numbers in the genus Curcuma Linn. Current Science India 30: 194–196
________. (1969). Chromosome numbers in Zingiberaceae. Cytologia 34: 213–221.
Ravindran, P.N., Nirmal, B.K. & Sivaraman, K. (2007). Turmeric: the genus Curcuma (medicinal and aromatic plants-industrial profiles). Taylor and Francis Group, Abingdon, 484 pp.
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Saensouk, S. (2011). Endemic and rare plants of gingers family in Thailand. Khon Kaen University Research Journal 16: 306–330.
Saensouk, S. & Jenjittikul, T. (2001). Kaempferia grandifolia sp. nov. (Zingiberaceae) a new species from Thailand. Nordic Journal of Botany 21: 139–142.
Saensouk, S. & Saensouk, P. (2004). Chromosome numbers of some Zingiberaceae in Thailand. Khon Kaen University Research Journal 9: 3–9.
Sato, D. (1960). The karyotype analysis in Zingiberales with special reference to the protokaryotype and stable karyotype. College of General Education, University of Tokyo 10: 225–243.
Sharma, A.K. & Bhat tacharyya, N.K. (1959). Cytology of several members of Zingiberaceae and a study of inconstancy of their chromosome complements. La Cellule 59: 299–346.
Sharma, A.K. & Sharma, A. (1980). Chromosome Techniques: Theory and Practice. Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd, Oxford, 711 pp.
Saokaew, S., Wilairat, P., Raktanyakan, P., Dilokthornsakul, P., Dhippayom, T. & et al. (2017). Clinical effects of Krachaidum (Kaempferia parviflora): A systematic review. Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine 22: 413–428.
Sirirugsa, P. (1989). The genus Kaempferia (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand. Nordic Journal of Botany 9: 257–260.
________. (1992). Taxonomy of the genus Kaempferia (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 19: 1–15.
Sirisawad, T., Sirirugsa, P., Suwanthada, C. & Apavatjrut, P. (2003). Investigation of chromosome numbers in 20 taxa of Curcuma. In: P. Chantaranothai, K. Larsen, P. Sirirugsa & D. Simpson (eds), Proceedings of the 3rd Symposium on the Family Zingiberaceae, pp. 54–62. Khon Kaen University, Thailand.
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Soontornchainaksaeng, P. & Anamthawat-Jónsson, K. (2011), Ribosomal FISH mapping reveals hybridity in phytoestrogen producing Curcuma species from Thailand. Plant Systematics and Evolution 292: 41–49.
Soontornchainaksaeng, P. & Jenjittikul, T. (2010). Chromosome number variation of phytoestrogenproducing
Curcuma (Zingiberaceae) from Thailand. Journal of Natural Medicines 64: 370–377.
Stebbins, G. L. (1971) Chromosomal Evolution in Higher Plants. Addison-Wesley, Reading, USA.
Tabboon, P., Tantiyasawasdikul, S. & Sripanidkulchai, B. (2019). Quality and stability assessment of commercial products containing phytoestrogen diaryheptanoids from Curcuma comosa. Industrial Crops and Products 134: 216–224.
Techaprasan, J., Klinbunga, S., Ngamriabsakul, C. & Jenjittikul, T. (2010). Genetic variation of Kaempferia in Thailand based on chloroplast DNA (psbA-trnH and petA-psbJ) sequences. Genetics and Molecular Research 9: 1957–1973.
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Záveská, E., Fér, T., Šída, O., Marhold, K. & LeongŠkorničková, J. (2016). Hybridization among distantly related species: Examples from the polyploid genus Curcuma (Zingiberaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 100:
303–321.
Apavatjrut, P., Sirisawad, T., Sirirugsa, P., Voraurai, P. & Suwanthada, C. (1996). Studies on chromosome number of seventeen Thai Curcuma species. In: S. Kasemsup (ed.), Proceeding of the 2nd Thailand National Ornamental Meeting, pp. 86–99. National Research Council of Thailand.
Bakkali, F., Averbeck, S., Averbeck, D., Idaomar, M. (2007). Riological effects of essential oils – A review. Food and Chemical Toxicology 46: 446–475.
Chakravorti, A.K. (1948). Multiplication of chromosome numbers in relation to speciation in Zingiberaceae. Science and Culture 14: 137–140.
Chuakul, W. & Boonpleng, A. (2003). Ethnomedical uses of Thai Zingiberaceous plants. Thai Journal of Phytopharmacy 10: 33–39.
Chen, J., Xia, N., Zhao, J., Chen, J. & Henny, R. (2013). Chromosome numbers and ploidy levels of Chinese Curcuma species. Horticultural Science 48: 525–530.
eFloras (2019). Published on the internet https://www.efloras.org [accessed 12 August 2019] Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
Eksomtramage, L. & Boontum, K. (1995). Chromosome counts of Zingiberaceae. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology 17: 291–297.
Eksomtramage, L., Sirirugsa, P. & Mayakul, S. (1996). Chromosome numbers of some Thai Zingiberaceae. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology 18: 153–159.
Eksomtramage, L., Sirirugsa, P., Jivanit, P. & Maknoi, C. (2002). Chromosome counts of some Zingiberaceae species from Thailand. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology 24: 311–319.
Guerra, M. (2008). Chromosome numbers in plant cytotaxonomy: concepts and implications. Cytogenetics and Genome Research 120: 339–350.
Jenjittikul, T. & Larsen, K. (2000). Kaempferia candida Wall. (Zingiberaceae), a new record for Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 28: 45–49.
Joseph, R. (2010). Karyomorphometrical analysis and exploration of major essential oil constituents in Zingiberaceae. PhD Dissertation, Mahatma Gandhi University, India.
Kaewkroek, K., Watanapiromsakul, C., Kongsairee, P. & Twetrakul, S. (2013). Nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitory substances from the rhizomes of Kaempferia marginata. Natural Product Communications 8: 1205–1208.
Khumkratok, S., Boontiang, K., Chutichudet, P. & Pramaul, P. (2012) Geographical distributions and ecology of ornamental Curcuma (Zingiberaceae) in Northeastern Thailand. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 15: 929–939.
Larsen, K. & Larsen, S. (2006). Tribe Zingibereae: Kaempferia L. In: K. Larsen & S. Larsen (eds), Gingers of Thailand, pp. 55–61. Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, Chiang Mai.
Leong‐Škorničková, J. & Newman, M. (2015). Gingers of Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore, 229 pp.
Leong-Škorničková, J., Šída, O., Jarolímová, V., Sabu, M., Fér, T., Trávníček, P. & Suda, J. (2007). Chromosome numbers and genome size variation in Indian species of Curcuma (Zingiberaceae). Annals of Botany 100:
505–526.
Leong-Škorničková, J., Šída, O., Záveská, E. & Marhold, K. (2015). History of infrageneric classification, typification of supraspecific names and outstanding transfers in Curcuma (Zingiberaceae). Taxon 64: 362–373.
Leong-Škorničková, J., Tran, H.D., Newman, M., Lamxay, V. & Bouamanivong, S. (2012). Curcuma candida. Data from: The IUCN red list of threatened species 2012.
Mahanty, H.K. (1970). A cytological study of the Zingiberales with special reference to their taxonomy. Cytologia 35: 13–39.
Maknoi, C. (2006). Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Curcuma L. (Zingiberaceae) with particular reference to its occurrence in Thailand. PhD Thesis, Prince of Songkla University.
Muthachan, T. & Tewtrakul, S. (2019). Antiinflammatory and wound healing effects of gel containing Kaempferia marginata extract. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 240: article no. 111964.
Nopporncharoenkul, N., Chanmai, J., Jenjittikul, T., Anamthawat‐Jónsson, K. & Soontornchainaksaeng, P. (2017). Chromosome number variation and polyploidy in 19 Kaempferia (Zingiberaceae) taxa from Thailand and one species from Laos. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 55: 466–476.
Picheansoonthon, C. & Koonterm, S. (2008). Notes on the genus Kaempferia L. (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand. Journal of Thai Traditional and Alternative Medicine 6: 27–51.
Paramee, S., Sookkhee, S., Sakonwasun, C., Na Takuathung, M., Mungkornasawakul, P. & et al. (2018). Anti-cancer effects of Kaempferia parviflora on ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 18: 178.
Puangpairote, T., Maknoi, C., Jenjittikul, T., Anamthawat-Jónsson, K. & Soontornchainaksaeng, P. (2016). Natural triploidy in phytooestrogen producing Curcuma species and cultivars from Thailand. Euphytica 208: 47–61.
Raghavan, T.S. & Venkatasubban, K.R. (1943). Cytological studies in the family Zingiberaceae with special reference to chromosome number and cyto-taxonomy. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Science, Section B 17: 118–132.
Ramachandran, K. (1961). Chromosome numbers in the genus Curcuma Linn. Current Science India 30: 194–196
________. (1969). Chromosome numbers in Zingiberaceae. Cytologia 34: 213–221.
Ravindran, P.N., Nirmal, B.K. & Sivaraman, K. (2007). Turmeric: the genus Curcuma (medicinal and aromatic plants-industrial profiles). Taylor and Francis Group, Abingdon, 484 pp.
Rice, A., Glick, L., Abadi, S., Einhorn, M., Kopelman, N.M., Salman-Minkov, A., Mayzel, J., Chay, O. & Mayrose, I. (2015) The Chromosome Counts Database (CCDB) – a community resource of plant chromosome numbers. New Phytologist 206: 19–26.
Saensouk, S. (2011). Endemic and rare plants of gingers family in Thailand. Khon Kaen University Research Journal 16: 306–330.
Saensouk, S. & Jenjittikul, T. (2001). Kaempferia grandifolia sp. nov. (Zingiberaceae) a new species from Thailand. Nordic Journal of Botany 21: 139–142.
Saensouk, S. & Saensouk, P. (2004). Chromosome numbers of some Zingiberaceae in Thailand. Khon Kaen University Research Journal 9: 3–9.
Sato, D. (1960). The karyotype analysis in Zingiberales with special reference to the protokaryotype and stable karyotype. College of General Education, University of Tokyo 10: 225–243.
Sharma, A.K. & Bhat tacharyya, N.K. (1959). Cytology of several members of Zingiberaceae and a study of inconstancy of their chromosome complements. La Cellule 59: 299–346.
Sharma, A.K. & Sharma, A. (1980). Chromosome Techniques: Theory and Practice. Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd, Oxford, 711 pp.
Saokaew, S., Wilairat, P., Raktanyakan, P., Dilokthornsakul, P., Dhippayom, T. & et al. (2017). Clinical effects of Krachaidum (Kaempferia parviflora): A systematic review. Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine 22: 413–428.
Sirirugsa, P. (1989). The genus Kaempferia (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand. Nordic Journal of Botany 9: 257–260.
________. (1992). Taxonomy of the genus Kaempferia (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 19: 1–15.
Sirisawad, T., Sirirugsa, P., Suwanthada, C. & Apavatjrut, P. (2003). Investigation of chromosome numbers in 20 taxa of Curcuma. In: P. Chantaranothai, K. Larsen, P. Sirirugsa & D. Simpson (eds), Proceedings of the 3rd Symposium on the Family Zingiberaceae, pp. 54–62. Khon Kaen University, Thailand.
Sookkongwaree, K., Geitmann, M., Roengsumran, S., Petsom, A. & Danielson, U.H. (2006). Inhibition of viral proteases by Zingiberaceae extracts and flavones isolated from Kaempferia parviflora. Pharmazie 61: 717–721.
Soontornchainaksaeng, P. & Anamthawat-Jónsson, K. (2011), Ribosomal FISH mapping reveals hybridity in phytoestrogen producing Curcuma species from Thailand. Plant Systematics and Evolution 292: 41–49.
Soontornchainaksaeng, P. & Jenjittikul, T. (2010). Chromosome number variation of phytoestrogenproducing
Curcuma (Zingiberaceae) from Thailand. Journal of Natural Medicines 64: 370–377.
Stebbins, G. L. (1971) Chromosomal Evolution in Higher Plants. Addison-Wesley, Reading, USA.
Tabboon, P., Tantiyasawasdikul, S. & Sripanidkulchai, B. (2019). Quality and stability assessment of commercial products containing phytoestrogen diaryheptanoids from Curcuma comosa. Industrial Crops and Products 134: 216–224.
Techaprasan, J., Klinbunga, S., Ngamriabsakul, C. & Jenjittikul, T. (2010). Genetic variation of Kaempferia in Thailand based on chloroplast DNA (psbA-trnH and petA-psbJ) sequences. Genetics and Molecular Research 9: 1957–1973.
Techaprasan, J. & Leong-Škorničková, J. (2011). Transfer of Kaempferia candida to Curcuma (Zingiberaceae) based on morphological and molecular data. Nordic Journal of Botany 29: 773–779.
Thongon, N., Boonmuen, N., Suksen, K., Wichit, P., Chairoungdua, A. & et al. (2017). Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM)-like Activities of Diarylheptanoid, a Phytoestrogen from Curcuma comosa, in Breast Cancer Cells, Pre-osteoblast Cells, and Rat Uterine Tissues. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 65: 3490–3496.
Wallich, N. (1830). Plantae Asiaticae Rariores. Vol. 1, part 3. Treuttel and Würtz: Treuttel Jr. and Richter, London, pp. 47.
Záveská, E., Fér, T., Šída, O., Krak, K., Marhold, K. & Leong-Škorničková, J. (2012). Phylogeny of Curcuma (Zingiberaceae) based on plastid and nuclear sequences: Proposal of the new subgenus Ecomata. Taxon 61: 747–763.
Záveská, E., Fér, T., Šída, O., Marhold, K. & LeongŠkorničková, J. (2016). Hybridization among distantly related species: Examples from the polyploid genus Curcuma (Zingiberaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 100:
303–321.
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Published
2020-01-29
How to Cite
Nopporncharoenkul, N., Jenjittikul, T., Chuenboonngarm, N., Anamthawat-Jónsson, K., & Umpunjun, P. (2020). Cytogenetic verification of Curcuma candida (Zingiberaceae) from Thailand and Myanmar. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany), 48(1), 7–17. https://doi.org/10.20531/tfb.2020.48.1.02
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