https://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/ThaiJToxicol/issue/feedThai Journal of Toxicology2025-11-21T13:44:52+07:00Monruedee Sukprasansap, Ph.Dthaijtox2020@gmail.comOpen Journal Systems<p style="text-align: right; color: darkblue;">ISSN 0857-264X (Print) ISSN 2697-6307 (Online)</p> <p><strong>Thai Journal of Toxicology (Thai J Toxicol)</strong> is a peer-reviewed journal publishing original research and review articles on the area of toxicology. Areas such as clinical toxicology, pharmacological toxicology, environmental toxicology, occupational health and safety of exposure to toxins, toxicity of natural products and traditional medicines, food and nutrition toxicology, safety evaluation of novel foods and ingredients, biotechnologically-derived products, nanomaterials, hazard identification and health risk assessment, adverse effects of chemically induced toxicity on the health of humans and animals, molecular toxicology, and other areas of toxicological research in vitro / in vivo models and human studies are included in the scope of the journal. Thai J Toxicol is now being indexed in <strong>Thai Journal Citation Index (TCI) Tier 2</strong></p> <p><em>The Official Journal of Thai Society of Toxicology</em></p>https://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/ThaiJToxicol/article/view/267868Evaluation of Genotoxicity of Persicaria odorata Lour. Extract Using the In Vitro Alkaline Comet Assay2025-06-09T11:37:52+07:00Praw Suppajariyawatpraw.s@dmsc.mail.go.thSutjarit Aunkatpraw.s@dmsc.mail.go.thWijittra Sudhongpraw.s@dmsc.mail.go.thSekrachatakorn Buabaopraw.s@dmsc.mail.go.thPornchai Sincharoenpokaipraw.s@dmsc.mail.go.th<p><em>Persicaria odorata</em> Lour. is extensively consumed and utilized in traditional medicine. However, comprehensive data regarding its safety and genotoxicity remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the genotoxic potential of an 80% ethanolic extract of <em>P. odorata</em> using the <em>in vitro</em> alkaline comet assay in human lymphoblastoid (TK6) cells. The TK6 cells were treated with the extract at various concentrations (78.13, 156.25, 312.5, 625, and 1,250 µg/mL). Ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) at 1,000 µg/mL served as the positive control, while 1% DMSO was used as the negative control. DNA damage was assessed using parameters including % DNA in tail, head length, tail length, tail moment, and olive tail moment. The results demonstrated that the positive control (EMS) induced significant DNA damage. The extract, at concentrations of 312.5 µg/mL and above, exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) increase in % DNA in tail, tail length, tail moment, and olive tail moment in a dose-dependent manner compared to the negative control. Conversely, at lower concentrations (78.13 and 156.25 µg/mL), the extract did not induce DNA damage. It was concluded that, the 80% ethanolic extract of <em>P. odorata</em> possessed the potential to induce DNA strand breaks in TK6 cells at high concentrations. Further <em>in viv</em>o studies and investigations into the underlying mechanisms are imperative to comprehensively assess its safety for human consumption.</p>2025-07-31T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2025 Thai Journal of Toxicologyhttps://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/ThaiJToxicol/article/view/267998Phthalates Exposure Assessment in Nail Technicians2025-07-03T11:30:12+07:00Nantaporn Phatrabuddhakamonwan.pr@go.buu.ac.thTeeranun Nakyaikamonwan.pr@go.buu.ac.thKamonwan PromtesKamonwan.pr@go.buu.ac.th<p>Phthalates, semi-volatile organic compounds, are commonly used in a wide range of daily consumer products. Because phthalates are endocrine-disrupting substances, they can have widespread effects on the human body. This study aims to assess phthalate exposure among nail technicians due to contact with phthalates present in nail polishes, nail extension materials, and nail decoration products—particularly during filing and buffing processes. Dust contained phthalate was collected using vacuum devices equipped with dust collection bags. Three types of phthalates— Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) and Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The study assessed exposure through unintentional ingestion and dermal absorption of phthalate-containing dust. The study found that DBP was the most phthalate in nail salon (1384.9 ± 374.3 µg/g of dust) followed by DEHP (239.2 ± 164.4 µg/g of dust) and BBP (26.7 ± 12.5 µg/g of dust) respectively. The exposure assessment of phthalate revealed that the primary route of exposure is through unintentional ingestion. When compared to the reference doses established by EFSA and the US. EPA, the levels were found to be within acceptable limits. However, since phthalates can also be encountered in the general environment, minimizing exposure is essential for worker safety and health. This can be achieved through the use of phthalate-free products, the installation of air purifiers to reduce dust, maintaining workplace hygiene, and wearing appropriate personal protective equipment during work <em>etc</em>.</p>2025-09-05T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2025 Thai Journal of Toxicologyhttps://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/ThaiJToxicol/article/view/268224Mutagenicity Study of Semi-Synthetic 7-Hydroxymitragynine from Mitragyna speciosa Using Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli (WP2 uvrA) by the Ames Test2025-07-20T09:55:56+07:00Sutjarit Aunkatsutjarit.a@dmsc.mail.go.thPraw Suppajariyawatsutjarit.a@dmsc.mail.go.thWijittra Sudhongsutjarit.a@dmsc.mail.go.thPadtaya Sirinantananonsutjarit.a@dmsc.mail.go.thWeerachai Pipatrattanasereesutjarit.a@dmsc.mail.go.thPornchai Sincharoenpokaisutjarit.a@dmsc.mail.go.th<p>Kratom (<em>Mitragyna speciosa</em>, Korth), found in Southeast Asia, has been traditionally used in Thai medicine to alleviate abdominal pain, dysentery, diarrhea, and muscle aches, and as a sedative. Its primary active compounds are alkaloids, with mitragynine being the most abundant. Another derivative, 7-hydroxymitragynine (7-OHMG), exhibits more potent activity than mitragynine, making it suitable for medical and public health applications. However, safety data regarding the active compounds from this plant remain limited. This study aimed to investigate the mutagenicity of a semi-synthetic kratom extract (7-OHMG) using the Ames test with <em>Salmonella typhimurium</em> strains (TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537) and <em>Escherichia coli</em> (WP2<em>uvr</em>A). The test was conducted at six concentrations (15, 50, 150, 500, 1,500 and 5,000 µg/plate) both with and without metabolic activation. The results indicated no mutagenic activity in any of the 5 bacterial strains, either with or without metabolic activation. Specifically, the number of revertant colonies for strains TA98, TA100, and WP2<em>uvr</em>A did not double, and for strains TA1535 and TA1537, it did not triple, relative to the negative control. Furthermore, no abnormalities were observed in the background lawn for any strain at any concentration. While the World Health Organization has identified 7-OHMG as a substance requiring safety monitoring, this study provides crucial preliminary safety data. These findings serve as a foundational guideline for the further development of 7-OHMG into high-quality, internationally accepted pharmaceuticals or health products. This could enable its practical use in modern medicine and foster innovation in Thai herbal products.</p>2025-09-05T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2025 Thai Journal of Toxicologyhttps://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/ThaiJToxicol/article/view/268415Development and Validation of a New Food Frequency Questionnaire for Estimating the Consumption Frequency of Turmeric for Risk Assessment of Curcumin Exposure in Adults2025-07-23T10:34:20+07:00Pimnida Phaorord aromatic.blossom1@gmail.comPharrunrat Tanaviyutpakdee pharrunrat.tan@mahidol.ac.thChawanphat Muangnoichawanphat.mua@mahidol.ac.thDunyaporn Trachoothamdunyaporn.tra@mahidol.edu<p>Curcumin is the primary type of curcuminoids, which are the bioactive compounds in turmeric (<em>Curcuma longa </em>L.). There are multiple edible sources of curcumin, including turmeric-containing herbal medicines, dietary supplements, and culinary preparations. However, the total long-term continuous exposure to curcumin from all these sources and its safety profile had not yet been established, and no appropriate tool for measuring such exposure was available. This study aims to develop and validate a new online questionnaire to estimate curcumin exposure from edible sources. A new online questionnaire was developed. It includes questions about the source of consumed products, dosage, and frequency of turmeric product consumption (10 popular herbal medicines and dietary supplement products based on 4 websites), and turmeric food consumption (11 turmeric-based dishes from 8 websites such as satay, Southern-style sour soup, and chicken biryani). The amount of curcumin in products and food was estimated based on the curcuminoid content specified on the product label and the amount of turmeric in the recipe. Seven experts validated the content of the questionnaire. Test-retest reliability of the questionnaire was assessed in 33 users of turmeric products. The developed questionnaire achieved a content validation index of 1. The test-retest reliability had correlation coefficients of 0.997, 0.869, and 0.918 for the turmeric product consumption, turmeric food consumption, and source of product sections of the questionnaire, respectively. This validated questionnaire can be further used to assess the curcumin exposure and risk assessment among Thai consumers of turmeric-containing products in future studies.</p>2025-11-21T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2025 Thai Journal of Toxicologyhttps://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/ThaiJToxicol/article/view/268297Editorial team2025-07-06T22:21:17+07:00Editorial team monruedee.suk@mahidol.edu2025-07-06T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2025 Thai Journal of Toxicologyhttps://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/ThaiJToxicol/article/view/269940Message from the editor2025-11-21T13:42:20+07:00Editorial team monruedee.suk@mahidol.edu<p>วารสารพิษวิทยาไทยฉบับนี้เป็นปีที่ ๔๐ ฉบับที่ ๒ (กรกฎาคม-ธันวาคม) ๒๕๖๘ บทความวิชาการในวารสารมีประเด็นที่น่าสนใจในส่วนของบทความวิจัย ได้แก่ การประเมินความเป็นพิษทางพันธุกรรมของสารสกัดผักแพว การศึกษาการก่อกลายพันธุ์ของสารสกัดกึ่งสังเคราะห์จากกระท่อม (7-hydroxymitragynine) เพื่อชี้ให้เห็นถึงข้อมูลเบื้องต้นด้านความปลอดภัยและใช้ข้อมูลเป็นแนวทางสำคัญในการพัฒนาต่อยอดสารสู่การเป็นเภสัชภัณฑ์หรือผลิตภัณฑ์สุขภาพที่มีคุณภาพ เพื่อใช้ประโยชน์ได้จริงทั้งในทางการแพทย์แผนปัจจุบันและสร้างนวัตกรรมของสมุนไพรไทยต่อไป นอกจากนี้ยังมีงานวิจัยเกี่ยวกับการประเมินการรับสัมผัสสารทาเลทในช่างทำเล็บ เนื่องจากทาเลทมีโอกาสรับสัมผัสในสิ่งแวดล้อมทั่วไป การควบคุมปริมาณการรับสัมผัสให้น้อยที่สุดจึงเป็นสิ่งสำคัญเพื่อความปลอดภัยของช่างทำเล็บ รวมทั้งการพัฒนาและตรวจสอบคุณภาพแบบสอบถามประเมินความถี่การบริโภคขมิ้นชันสำหรับประเมินความเสี่ยงการรับสัมผัสเคอร์คูมินในผู้ใหญ่ โดยแบบสอบถามที่ผ่านการตรวจสอบแล้วนี้สามารถนำไปใช้ประเมินการรับสัมผัสสารเคอร์คูมินในคนไทยที่ใช้ผลิตภัณฑ์ขมิ้นชันเพื่อประเมินความเสี่ยงต่อสุขภาพในอนาคต</p> <p>สำหรับบทความปริทัศน์ มีเนื้อหาที่น่าสนใจเกี่ยวกับผลกระทบจากสารอินทรีย์ระเหยต่อสุขภาพของประชาชนในเขตควบคุมมลพิษ เขตพื้นที่อุตสาหกรรม: อดีต ปัจจุบัน อนาคต แสดงให้เห็นความเชื่อมโยงอย่างสอดคล้องระหว่างการสัมผัส เบนซีน หรือ 1,3-บิวทาไดอีนกับความเสี่ยงที่เพิ่มขึ้นของมะเร็งเม็ดเลือดขาวเฉียบพลันชนิดไมอีลอยด์ พิษต่อสารพันธุกรรม และภาวะเม็ดเลือดขาวต่ำ เพื่ออาจใช้ในการกำหนดมาตรการควบคุมสำหรับเบนซีนและ 1,3-บิวทาไดอีนในพื้นที่ระยอง ร่วมกับเครือข่ายเฝ้าระวังแบบเรียลไทม์และการคัดกรองเฉพาะกลุ่มมารดาและเด็กเพื่อคุ้มครองประชากรเปราะบางต่อไปในอนาตค</p> <p>กองบรรณาธิการหวังเป็นอย่างยิ่งว่า บทความทางวิชาการในวารสารฉบับนี้จะเป็นประโยชน์ต่อวงการวิชาการ ได้แก่ นักวิจัย นิสิต นักศึกษา และผู้สนใจอื่นๆ สุดท้ายนี้ ขอขอบคุณคณาจารย์ นักวิชาการ และนักวิจัย ที่ส่งทั้งบทความวิจัยและบทความปริทัศน์ ที่มีคุณค่ามาเผยแพร่ในวารสารพิษวิทยาไทยฉบับนี้ </p> <p>รศ.ดร. มลฤดี สุขประสารทรัพย์<br />บรรณาธิการวารสารพิษวิทยาไทย</p> <p>หน่วยพิษวิทยาอาหาร สถาบันโภชนาการ มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล <br />๒๕/๒๕ ถ.พุทธมณฑลสาย ๔ อ.พุทธมณฑล ต.ศาลายา จ.นครปฐม ประเทศไทย ๗๓๑๗๐<br />โทรศัพท์ ๐๒ ๘๐๐-๒๓๘๐ ต่อ ๓๒๘ โทรสาร ๐๒ ๘๘๙-๓๖๗๓ <br />อีเมล: monruedee.suk@mahidol.edu; thaijtox2020@gmail.com</p>2025-11-21T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2025 Thai Journal of Toxicologyhttps://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/ThaiJToxicol/article/view/269941Table of Content2025-11-21T13:44:52+07:00Editorial team monruedee.suk@mahidol.edu2025-11-21T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2025 Thai Journal of Toxicologyhttps://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/ThaiJToxicol/article/view/267802Health Impacts of Volatile Organic Compounds in Pollution Control Zones of Industrial Areas: Historical, Current, and Future Perspectives2025-06-05T14:35:18+07:00Kaewalee Soontornmonksoonbtb@gmail.comThunyarut Bannawongsilsobell.bell@gmail.comSaowanee Norkaewsaowanee.n@fph.tu.ac.thJutarat Changsalukchangsaluk.j@gmail.comBoonrat Tassaneetrithepboonrat.tas@mahidol.ac.th<p>Thailand’s Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate emits high levels of benzene and 1,3-butadiene, yet evidence on chronic health harms remains fragmented. We systematically searched for studies published between January 2005 and December 2024 evaluating long-term health outcomes linked to occupational or residential volatile organic compounds (VOCs) exposure. Twenty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria; most involved petrochemical workers, and one-quarter focused on community residents living near industrial zones. Cross-sectional and registry-based designs predominated; heterogeneous exposure metrics precluded meta-analysis, so findings were narratively synthesized and bias appraised with Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies – of Exposures (ROBINS-E) tool. Consistent associations were found between benzene or 1,3-butadiene exposure and an increased risk of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), genotoxicity, and reduced white blood cells (WBC) counts. Over 75% of studies showed potential confounding or exposure misclassification; four were rated as high risk overall, highlighting methodological gaps. Nonetheless, post-2015 evidence supports a biologically plausible connection between sustained VOC exposure and carcinogenic, genotoxic, and haematotoxic outcomes. We recommend establishing a stricter regulatory tier for benzene and 1,3-butadiene in Rayong, which should include quarterly personal sampling, annual biomarker panels, integrated real-time and passive surveillance monitoring networks, and targeted maternal-child screening to protect vulnerable populations.</p>2025-07-06T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2025 Thai Journal of Toxicologyhttps://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/ThaiJToxicol/article/view/268100Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome in Older Adults: A Narrative Review2025-07-08T11:40:45+07:00Pataraporn Pewloungsawatmo_wm@hotmail.comSirasa Ruangritchankulsirasarama37@gmail.com<p>Older adults are prone to multiple neuropsychiatric diseases, such as delirium and Parkinson’s disease, which are treated with antipsychotics and dopamine agonists. These medications may lead to neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), which is a rare but life-threatening condition with a high mortality rate. The incidence of NMS tends to increase in older adults, especially in high-potency first-generation antipsychotics, such as haloperidol with dehydration status. The classic tetrad of clinical manifestations is mental status change, muscular rigidity, hyperthermia and autonomic instability. In clinical practice, the criteria for NMS diagnosis are used worldwide, including the DSM-5 criteria and Levenson’s criteria. The management of NMS comprises the withdrawal of causative agents and specific and supportive treatment. Specific treatment for NMS includes benzodiazepine, bromocriptine, amantadine, and dantrolene, according to the severity. To reduce the risk of recurrence of NMS, antipsychotic treatment may be reconsidered if there are still clear indications, but only after at least two weeks following recovery. Initiation with a low-potency atypical antipsychotic should be considered, starting at a low dose with gradual titration. Concomitant use with lithium should be avoided, as well as dehydration. In addition, close monitoring and careful clinical assessment are essential to reduce recurrent NMS. However, the knowledge of NMS in older adults is still limited. Therefore, we aimed to update the specific points of NMS in older persons, including definition, prevalence, pathophysiology, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, severity, complications, and management.</p>2025-09-10T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2025 Thai Journal of Toxicology