Thai Journal of Toxicology

The Effects of Thai Black Garlic Consumption on Gut Microbiota in Thai Adults with Abdominal Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Thu, 14 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Currently, the study of gut microbiota populations plays an important role in determining a link to obesity. Garlic has the properties of a prebiotic. A previous study has shown that S-allylcysteine (SAC) can change the gut microbiota's composition in hypertension individuals. The objective was to investigate the effect of Thai black garlic (BG) at the amount of 0.98 and 1.95 mg SAC/day on gut microbiota in abdominal obesity subjects (n=64). It is a 12-week randomized control trial. All participants were divided into 3 groups. Each participant was given a BG capsule containing 0.98 mg SAC/day (n=21), 1.95 mg SAC/day (n=19), or a placebo capsule (n = 24). Fecal samples were taken from 64 abdominal obesity participants. Fecal samples were collected at 3 time points (0, 6, and 12 weeks) for DNA extractions. The quantification of 16S rRNA gene fragments was then analyzed using the QIIME 2 software package. The results showed a significant increase in Latilactobacillus (FDR=0.0268) abundance. In line with this, Limosilactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Christensenella, and Oscillospira tended to increase in the 0.98 mg SAC group. In the 1.95 mgSAC group at 12 weeks, Latilactobacillus, Oxalobacter, and Paludicola tended to increase. On the contrary, Ruminococcus torques group in the high-dose BG group at 6 and 12 weeks and Eggerthella in the high-dose group at 12 weeks tended to decrease when compared with the baseline. We can conclude that the intake of BG is associated with a change in the gut microbiota composition in abdominal obesity subjects.

Acute Oral Toxicity Testing of Thai Traditional Medicine “Ya-Kae-Lom-Utthang-Ka-Ma-Va-Ta” Formula in Sprague Dawley Rat

Waluga Plaingam — Wed, 30 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Since herbal medicines are being used on large scale, the studies looking at the efficacy and safety profile of medicinal plants and herbal medicine formulary have increased especially in Thailand. Acute oral toxicity tests are the most commonly performed tests for toxicity assessment in herbal medicine. In this study, acute oral toxicity of Ya-Kae-Lom-Utthang-Ka-Ma-Va-Ta remedy (UKMVT) was determined by oral acute toxicity class method according to OECD guidelines No.423. Three female Sprague Dawley rats per step were used in the procedure. Before administering the sample, all animals fasted for approximately 16 hours. The starting dose was 2,000 mg/kg/body weight by gavage. After administration, animal survival, mortality and morbidity were confirmed. Clinical signs were observed at 30 minutes, 1, 2, 3, 4 hours, and every day for 14 days. The results showed that the animals in both steps with a dose 2,000 mg/kg body weight had normal clinical signs, with no mortality or morbidity, until termination. The acute oral toxicity of UKMVT is classified as category 5, or unclassified, according to the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) of classification and labeling of chemicals. Therefore, The LD₅₀ was greater than 5,000 mg/kg body weight under the conditions of this study.

Egg Consumption Impacts Serum Proteome Profiles and Metabolic Pathways in Obese Men

Mon, 26 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0700

There are inconclusive data from epidemiological studies linking egg consumption to an increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease. This is the first study using the proteomic approach to analyze the serum proteome profile and potential metabolic pathways related to difference egg intake, compared between the control with normal body mass index (N=116) and the obese groups (N=217). Clinical assessment, food frequency questionnaire, biochemical analysis were performed and serum proteomic was analyzed by LC/MS-MS. Significant findings from comparison between the controls with low egg intake and the obese with high egg intake indicated relative fold changes of log 2 of upregulated and downregulated proteins, including Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 18, NF-kappa-B-activating protein, Complement C1s subcomponent, and Collagen alpha-6(VI) chain. Further analysis for protein-protein interaction of unique proteins (N=238) from obese group with high egg intake demonstrated association with mTOR, AMPK, HIF-1, and insulin signaling pathway. In conclusion, changes in clinical and biochemical markers in obesity were linked to potential pathways identified from proteomics and these results provided data for consideration in the development of dietary guidelines for egg consumption among healthy and metabolic risk groups.

Implementation of Developed Quality Control Material for Performance Checkup of Alcohol Breath Analyzer in Bangkok Metropolitan Police Station

Krittin Choomsawat, Narisa Kengtrong Bordeerat — Mon, 26 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0700

The Land Traffic Act has defined the penalty for driving under the influence of alcohol when a blood alcohol content is higher than 50 mg/dL, which is routinely monitored by police officers using electrochemical analyzer to measure the breath alcohol concentration. Presently, calibration and maintenance of analyzers are common procedures on the schedule (every 6 months). However, there is a lack of definite guidelines and continuous control due to the high cost of materials. In addition, the measurement results may be inaccurate due to the lifetime of materials or improper storage of analyzers. This study aimed to test the performance of control materials that have been locally developed with alcohol breath analyzers at Bangkok Metropolitan Police Station. A cross-sectional analytical study was performed in 77 analyzers 2 models. Control material concentrations at 28, 67, and 134 mg/dL were tested by a wet bath simulator. The results showed that 55 out of 77 alcohol breath analyzers which were calibrated within 4 months had %Total error (TE) of 16.95%, 11.43%, and 8.60% at 28, 67, and 134 mg/dL, respectively, which met 20% CLIA’s TE criteria. However, analyzers that have their last calibration more than 4 months had %TE above the accepted criteria. In conclusion, the developed control material revealed valuable data-related analyzer calibration guidelines. Analyzers should schedule the calibration every 4 months (3 times/year) to achieve the accuracy and reliability of the test results.

Lead Poisoning Management in Seven Lead Factories in Samut Prakan Province: A Five Years Retrospective Cohort Study

Kate Chaivatcharaporn — Thu, 27 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Medical surveillance data of lead workers in seven lead factories in Samut Prakan province shown different prevalence of lead poisoning. This study aim to study the prevalence and lead poisoning management in each factory. A retrospective cohort study was done. Seven lead factories in Samut Prakan province were included. Secondary data recorded of occupational medicine documents in Samut Prakan hospital in the year 2018 and 2022 were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Factory profile, workplace monitoring data, medical surveillance data and walkthrough survey data were included. Lead poisoning prevalence varied from zero to 14.3% in six factories in 2018 and zero to 6.5 % in seven factories in 2022. Most factories used to send their workers for chelation therapy which temporary lowered blood lead level. Most factories shown good correlation between health surveillance data and workplace monitoring data. Two factories shown conflict data, there are lead poisoning cases presented in normal concentration of lead in workplace atmosphere. When repeating air sampling performed by governmental industrial hygiene unit, workplace lead air concentration significantly rose above limit. Engineering control along with appropriate PPEs and workers’ hygiene improvement had been conducted in some factories. In conclusion, lead poisoning cases decreased constantly. Lead factories should focus on accurate workplace lead monitoring in order to make effectively lead exposure control in workplace.

Role of Heme Iron in the Progression of Colon Cancer with APC Gene Mutated and Alternative Strategy for Colon Cancer Prevention

Pornkanok Prukpitikul , Jintana Sirivarasai, Nareerat Sutjarit — Tue, 28 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0700

In 2020, colorectal cancer was the third-most prevalent cancer and the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene mutation promotes cancer progression by disrupting Wnt signaling. Heme iron, the fundamental component of red meat, can trigger oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, provoking Wnt signaling and resulting in excessive cell growth. Nevertheless, the cytotoxic effect of heme iron is rendered ineffective toward APC-mutated cells, increasing the risk of cell hyperproliferation. APC-mutated cells possess more efficient biotransformation of lipid peroxidation products and highly express nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), resulting in augmented antioxidant enzymes. While nuclear Nrf2 levels are raised in APC-mutated cells, the expression of heme oxygenase-1 is reduced compared to wild-type cells, thereby causing an increase in the proinflammatory process. In addition, APC-mutated cells escape apoptosis by impairing the nuclear factor kappa B inflammatory pathway. Heme iron further enhances chronic gut inflammation by causing an imbalance in the intestinal microbiota, thereby increasing cell growth. To minimize the risk of colon cancer, especially for those with an APC gene mutation, limiting the consumption of foods rich in heme iron such as red meat is advisable. Additionally, considering dietary supplements that provide antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and gut microbiota modulation benefits could also be beneficial.

Editorial team

Monruedee Sukprasansap — Mon, 26 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Message from the editor

Monruedee Sukprasansap — Thu, 01 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0700

วารสารพิษวิทยาไทยฉบับนี้เป็นปีที่ ๓๘ ฉบับที่ ๒ (กรกฎาคม-ธันวาคม) ๒๕๖๖ บทความวิจัยและบทความปริทัศน์ในวารสาร มีประเด็นที่น่าสนใจ ได้แก่ ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างการบริโภคไข่และโปรตีนในเลือดที่เกี่ยวข้องกับกลไกทางเมแทบอลิคในกลุ่มเพศชายที่มีภาวะอ้วน การประยุกต์ใช้สารควบคุมคุณภาพในการตรวจวัดประสิทธิภาพการทำงานของเครื่องตรวจวัดแอลกอฮอล์จากลมหายใจที่ใช้ในสถานีตำรวจนครบาลในเขตพื้นที่กรุงเทพมหานคร การจัดการโรคพิษตะกั่วในโรงงานหลอมตะกั่ว 7 แห่งในจังหวัดสมุทรปราการ การประเมินทดสอบความเป็นพิษเฉียบพลันทางปากของตำรับยาแก้ลมอุทธังคมา-วาตาในหนูแรทสายพันธุ์ Sprague Dawley นอกจากนี้ยังมีการศึกษาผลของการรับประทานกระเทียมดำสายพันธุ์ไทยต่อจุลินทรีย์ในลำไส้ของผู้ที่มีภาวะอ้วนลงพุง: การวิจัยเชิงทดลองแบบสุ่มชนิดมีกลุ่มควบคุม สำหรับบทความปริทัศน์ มีเนื้อหาที่น่าสนใจเกี่ยวกับบทบาทของธาตุเหล็กฮีมต่อการเกิดมะเร็งลำไส้ใหญ่ที่มีการกลายพันธุ์ของยีน APC และกลยุทธ์ทางเลือกในการป้องกันมะเร็งลำไส้ใหญ่

กองบรรณาธิการหวังเป็นอย่างยิ่งว่า บทความทางวิชาการในวารสารฉบับนี้จะเป็นประโยชน์ต่อวงการวิชาการ ได้แก่ นักวิจัย นิสิต นักศึกษา และผู้สนใจอื่นๆ สุดท้ายนี้ ขอขอบคุณคณาจารย์ นักวิชาการ และนักวิจัย ที่ส่งทั้งบทความวิจัยและบทความปริทัศน์ ที่มีคุณค่ามาเผยแพร่ในวารสารพิษวิทยาไทยฉบับนี้

ผศ. ดร.มลฤดี สุขประสารทรัพย์
บรรณาธิการวารสารพิษวิทยาไทย

หน่วยพิษวิทยาอาหาร สถาบันโภชนาการ มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล
๒๕/๒๕ ถ.พุทธมณฑลสาย ๔ อ.พุทธมณฑล ต.ศาลายา จ.นครปฐม ประเทศไทย ๗๓๑๗๐
โทรศัพท์ ๐๒ ๘๐๐-๒๓๘๐ ต่อ ๓๒๘ โทรสาร ๐๒ ๘๘๙-๓๖๗๓
อีเมล: [email protected]; [email protected]

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Monruedee Sukprasansap — Thu, 14 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700