APHEIT Journal (SCIENCE and Technology)

Detection of latent fingerprints on metal surfaces by aqueous electrolyte gel

2024-05-03T16:04:10+07:00

Latent fingerprints are the important forensic evidence usually recovered from crime scenes. One of the most difficult surfaces to develop for latent fingerprints is metal surfaces. The objective of this research was to develop an aqueous electrolyte gel for the detection of latent fingerprints on metal surfaces. Aluminum, stainless steel, brass, and alloy sheets were selected in this study. In the experiment, several formulae of electrolyte gel (potassium permanganate, calcium chloride, and silica powder (PCS gel)) were prepared and used for recovering latent fingerprints on those surfaces. Good quality fingermarks could be observed on all of the metal surfaces after using the PCS gel made from the mixture of 5 mL of 5% w/v potassium permanganate solution, 5 mL of 1% w/v calcium chloride solution, and 5 g of silica powder. The results demonstrated that the PCS gels developed in this study may be used to detect latent fingerprints on various types of metal surfaces in authentic forensic samples.

Dendritic Cell Vaccine and Hypersensitivity

2025-03-09T14:41:31+07:00

In recent years, dendritic cells have been developed into vaccines for cancer treatment due to their ability to induce specific immune responses. The purposes of this narrative review were to explore the role of dendritic cells in hypersensitivity reactions and to evaluate the potential of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses as indicators of the clinical efficacy of dendritic cell vaccines in cancer therapy. Relevant literature was retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using keywords including “dendritic cell vaccine,” “hypersensitivity,” “delayed-type hypersensitivity,” and “cancer immunotherapy,” with a focus on studies published between 1999 and 2025. Findings suggested that patients who exhibited a positive DTH response after receiving dendritic cell vaccines tended to show better therapeutic outcomes in various cancers, such as melanoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and lung cancer. DTH responses were associated with increased levels of antigen-specific T cells and cytokines, such as IL-2 and IFN-γ. However, conventional DTH measurements may lack precision, and histological methods have been proposed as a more accurate assessment approach. DTH thus holds promise as a predictive biomarker for the efficacy of dendritic cell vaccines in cancer treatment, but further research is needed to establish standardized and reliable evaluation protocols.

Guidelines for using Building Information Modeling (BIM) Technology to develop energy efficient residential design approaches for home

2025-05-22T11:39:40+07:00

The application of Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology during the design phase has gained increasing attention due to its potential to support energy-efficient residential design from the early stages. This study aimed to develop a preliminary conceptual model for integrating BIM into the design of energy-conscious residential buildings, with a particular focus on the early design phase. The model serves as a theoretical basis for supporting design analysis and decision-making, rather than providing an empirically tested standard or guideline. A mixed-methods research approach was employed, incorporating literature review, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions with experts in BIM and energy efficiency. Key design elements—such as material selection, building orientation, natural ventilation, and renewable energy integration—were synthesized into a preliminary conceptual model that represented the interrelationships among these components within the BIM context. The study offered a foundational theoretical direction for applying BIM to sustainable residential design, particularly for small- and medium-scale home builders. However, the proposed model remains conceptual and requires further statistical validation and field testing in subsequent research to determine its practical applicability.

Enhancing the Efficiency of Installation Handover Processes for Machinery and Energy Supply Systems in Industrial Project

2025-04-28T14:08:37+07:00

This research aimed to enhance the delivery efficiency of machinery and power supply system installations in industrial factories, targeting an improvement of no less than 8% through the integration of digital technologies and engineering management approaches. A case study of Merge 3 Site and Service Co., Ltd. revealed that 3 out of 5 projects experienced delays, with losses of 4.20%, 5.90%, and 2.43%, respectively. Notably, Project 1 was delayed by 30 days, representing 4.20% of the planned timeline. Through analysis using a Pareto chart and mind mapping, the primary causes were identified as ineffective communication (40%), insufficient materials (20%), and unavailable tools (15%). The researcher applied digital design principles to create a solution addressing communication inefficiencies by improving the workflow and validating data prior to developing a real-time tracking application using AppSheet. Furthermore, a Service Level Agreement (SLA) was introduced to set clear service response commitments and ensure quality control. Implementation of these improvements in a subsequent project resulted in a delay-related loss reduction from 4.20% to 1.14%, equivalent to a 72.85% decrease. The return on investment (ROI) was calculated at 441%, indicating high cost-effectiveness and significant process optimization.

Development of a Dust Monitoring System Using Internet of Things (IoT) Technology for Air Quality Control and Monitoring at Schools under the Jurisdiction of the Bangkok Secondary Educational Service Area.

2025-05-08T14:39:10+07:00

This research aimed to design, develop a dust monitoring system utilizing the internet of things (IoT) to control and monitor air quality, specifically targeting particulate matter smaller than 10 microns (PM10) in schools under the Bangkok Metropolitan, and to evaluate users satisfaction towards the developed system. The design of the system integrates dust sensors with microcontrollers to transmit real-time data to a cloud-based platform and automatically activates a high-pressure mist spray system when dust levels exceed a predefined threshold through notifications delivered via a smartphone application. Research instruments included a user satisfaction questionnaire and an expert evaluation form. The findings revealed that the system effectively maintained dust levels within safe limits and achieved a high level of user satisfaction ( = 4.63, S.D. = 0.57). These results highlight the potential of IoT in promoting sustainable air quality management in schools and suggest its applicability as a prototype for smart school development and proactive environmental policy planning.

Detection of gasoline on suspects’ shoes using the technique of Headspace - Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (HS-GC-MS)

2025-03-11T10:49:37+07:00

This study aimed to investigate the persistence of gasoline residues on six types of shoe sole materials, including natural rubber, synthetic rubber, ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), polyurethane (PU), nylon, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Volunteers wore shoes made with each sole type and stepped onto ceramic tiles containing 100 µL of gasoline droplets. Samples of gasoline residues were collected from the soles at 0, 3, and 6 hours after contact using activated carbon enclosed in tea bags. The collected samples were analyzed for gasoline components using Headspace Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HS-GC-MS). The analysis found that at 0 hr. all six samples of shoe sole materials were detected the presence of gasoline components in 12 peaks, at 3 hr. four samples of shoe sole materials were detected the presence of gasoline components in 12 peaks, and at 6 hr, only synthetic rubber and phylon were detected the presence of gasolene components in 12 peaks. The results also showed that gasoline residues remained on the shoe soles even after 6 hours of stepping on the tile, evidenced by the decrease in both the number of peaks and the area under the peaks in the chromatogram. This method could be applied in forensic science to detect gasoline residues on footwear and help link the perpetrator to the crime scene.

A comparative study of latent fingerprint detection on the adhesive side of tape using super glue fuming and wet powder techniques

2025-06-05T10:52:55+07:00

This research aimed to compare methods for detecting latent fingerprints on the adhesive side of adhesive tapes, specifically between the use of superglue fuming combined with wet powder and the use of wet powder alone. The objective was to evaluate the efficiency of each fingerprint detection method based on the number of identifiable minutiae points. The types of adhesive tapes used in this study included clear tape, masking tape, electrical tape, and parcel tape—commonly used in fingerprint recovery. The experimental results revealed that samples not subjected to superglue fuming provided clearer fingerprint impressions, both in terms of ridge clarity and the number of observable minutiae points, compared to those treated with superglue fuming followed by wet powder. This is likely because the superglue fuming process reduced the adhesiveness of the surface and may cause the adhesive side of the tape to bond, resulting in the loss of fingerprint details. The findings suggest that using wet powder alone is more suitable for developing latent fingerprints on the adhesive side of tapes. This technique can be adapted for different types of adhesive tapes and applied in forensic fingerprint analysis.

A model for enhancing the quality of life of elderly individuals with non-communicable diseases in Phan Thong district, Chonburi province

2025-06-01T23:05:27+07:00

The objectives of this study were: 1) to examine factors influencing the quality of life (QOL) among elderly individuals with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Phan Thong District, Chonburi Province, and 2) to develop a QOL model for elderly with NCDs. The mixed-method of study was employed. A sample consisted of 377 elderly with NCDs, 23 public health personnel and 11 elderly participants, selected by purposive sampling. Research instrument included questionnaire assessing the QOL, attitudes, and personal factors. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. The findings revealed that personal factors such as age, financial status, and the presence of a primary caregiver positively associated with QOL among the elderly. Conversely, diabetes and hypertension significantly associated with poorer QOL Positive attitude factors such as physical (AOR = 2.88), economic (AOR = 2.67), social relationships (AOR = 2.10), psychological (AOR = 2.78), and environmental domains (AOR = 4.65) were significantly associated with enhanced QOL. The improvement of QOL among elderly with NCDs should be supported by family members, community-based networks, and governmental policies.