Agriculture & Technology RMUTI Journal

Effect of temperature and storage period of Dendrobium Yaya Victoria pollinia on pollinia viability, pod formation and in vitro growth of seedlings

Naykie Ny — 2025-12-25

Storage of pollinia is crucial for hybridization of orchids with different flowering times to produce hybrid orchids. The storage of Dendrobium Yaya Victory pollinia at room temperature (25 °C), 12 °C, and -14 °C for 7-350 d in the forms of fresh pollinia and dried pollinia was investigated to study the optimum temperature and duration for storage of pollinia for pollination. The results showed that the optimum temperature of fresh pollinia storage for 39 d was room temperature, with an average of 80% and 100% of the pollinia viability and pod formation, respectively. An average of 40% of the pollinia viability and pod formation were observed after 128 d of fresh pollinia storage at -14 °C. Seeds of pollination with the stored pollinia produced embryos, and after 40 d of sowing on Vacin & Went (1949) agar medium supplemented with 150 ml/l coconut water and 10 g/l sucrose, the seeds germinated into protocorms. On the modified Vacin & Went (1949) agar medium, which was supplemented with 150 ml/l coconut water, 100 g/l banana, 1 g/l activated charcoal, and 20 g/l sucrose, the protocorms developed into plantlets. Plantlets that were pollinated using stored pollinia were identical to those that were pollinated using fresh pollinia and grew in the greenhouse. For short-term and medium-term pollinia storage for pollination, fresh Dendrobium Yaya Victory pollinia can be stored at room temperature and -14 °C, respectively. This method is easy to use, doesn't require chemicals or costly equipment, and can be used to improve plant breeding in Thai orchids and hybrid orchids.

The potential of nano-zinc oxide and crude herbal extracts for inhibition of Pseudoperonospora cubensis

Warut Koonnasoot — 2025-12-25

This research aimed to synthesize and study the antifungal activity against Pseudoperonospora cubensis, the cause of downy mildew in melons, which significantly damages the yield, using nano zinc oxide calcined at 300°C and 500°C and four types of crude herbal extracts: garlic, galangal, turmeric, and fingerroot. Results of the specific characteristics analysis of nano zinc oxide using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) techniques were provided. It was shown that nano zinc oxide has a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure, with an average particle size of 32.02±4.06 and 48.18±10.02 nm, respectively. The antifungal activity showed that nano zinc oxide inhibited fungal growth by 63.09±0.18% and 59.73±1.40%, respectively. Among the crude plant extracts, the fingerroot extract exhibited the highest antifungal efficacy, inhibiting fungal growth by 55.57±2.11%. The combination of nano zinc oxide calcined at 300°C and fingerroot extract at a ratio of 1:5 with a concentration of 3,000 µg/mL inhibited fungal growth by 81.74±1.12%. These findings demonstrate that synthesizing nano zinc oxide combined with fingerroot extract significantly enhances the inhibition of Pseudoperonospora cubensis, providing a promising approach for controlling downy mildew in melons

Application of coating urea fertilizer by natural rubber with rice flour on the Ipomoea aquatica growth

Siriwimon Kunphakdee — 2025-12-25

Urea fertilizer is widely used for cropping due to its high nitrogen content. However, it is easy to lost to environment through water leaching and sublimation processes. Therefore, this study explored slow-release urea fertilizer by coating with natural rubber (NR) grafted copolymer with rice flour (RF) in various proportions. The proportions of natural rubber (NR) and rice flour (RF) were [100:0], [90:10], [70:30] and [50:50]. Release profile of the coated urea was tested on Chinese water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) cropping. Complete random design (CBD) was adopted for the experiment with 5 replicates of 1.2 x 2 m²plot per treatment. Seven treatments were investigated for fertilizer application: Treatment 1: Control (No urea application), Treatment 2: Urea 30 (applying 30 g/plot after 7 days of planting), Treatment 3: Urea 15+15 (applying urea 2 times, 15 g each after 7 and 17 days of planting) and Treatment 4 to Treatment 7, the plots were applied with [100:0], [90:10], [70:30], and [50:50] coated urea, 30 g each after 7 days of planting, respectively. Efficacy of the coating and the resistance to urea release showed that the [50:50] coated urea was well-formed, with no stickiness, surface holes, or gaps, resulting in the slowest release during water soaking. There was no difference in growth indicators for plant which was applied with either Urea 15+15 or coated urea fertilizer. However, the finding in plant applied with the coated [50:50] urea suggested that coated urea could provide the best yields (highest height and above-ground fresh weight) and be able to decrease N loss in soil.

Evaluation of yield, yield components, and agronomic traits in BC2F2 population of soft-cooked rice with aromatic germplasm

Panuwat Praisomrong — 2025-12-25

The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield, yield components, and agronomic traits of 10 BC₂F₂ populations of soft-cooked rice with aromatic germplasm compared with RJ22 (non-aromatic rice) and Pathum Thani1 (aromatic rice) varieties. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Ruamjai Pattana Kwamroo Research Station, Pathum Thani, Thailand, during off-season rice planting 2023/2024. The results indicated that yield, yield components, and agronomic traits showed statistically significant differences, except for plant height and 1,000-grain weight. The RJP19No.3-3 and RJP41No.7-2 lines had the highest yields (1,366 and 1,297 kg/rai, respectively), which were not significantly different from RJ22 but were better than the Pathum Thani1 rice variety. Furthermore, these lines showed no significant differences in yield components and agronomic traits compared to either of the compared varieties. Therefore, these promising lines will be evaluated in the target growing areas in the future.

Development of participatory community-level agricultural learning center A case study : Suea Kok Sub-District agricultural group, Wapi Pathum District, Maha Sarakham Province

Dr.Sittichok Punpitak — 2025-12-25

This research aimed to: (1) Examine the general background of the community, (2) Study community participation in the development of an agricultural learning center, and (3) Investigate problems and suggestions related to community participation in the development of an agricultural learning center. This study involved a sample of 268 farmers selected from a total of 815 farmers residing in a community with agricultural land. The sampling method used was stratified random sampling, proportional to the number of farmers in each of the five villages. Data collection tools included questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Statistical analyses included frequency distribution, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and content analysis. The findings revealed that: (1) The majority of the respondents were female, with an average age of 35-45 years with major educational attainment of the secondary level (Grade 9 or Vocational Certificate). The average farm size was 5-10 rai per family with average household labor force of 1.40 individuals. The primary occupation was agriculture, followed by livestock farming. The average annual income from agriculture ranged from 100,001 to 150,000 baht, while the average income from livestock farming was between 15,000 and 25,000 baht. Income from other sources averaged 10,000 baht per year. (2) The overall level of community participation in the development of the agricultural learning center was 82.00%, which was a high level of participation. And (3) Problems and suggestions regarding community participation in the development of the agricultural learning center could effectively be addressed through collaboration between farmer representatives in the community, various agencies, and community members. This collaboration leads to the formation of networks and the establishment of a tangible learning center, contributing to the improved quality of the community. The details of the five individual aspects are rated at a moderate level, while the overall assessment is at high level, respectively.

Assessment of growth and yield of niche market rice for cultivation in Songkhla Province

Phattharaporn Pakdeechanuan — 2025-12-25

Niche market rice is distinguished by its unique characteristics and high nutritional value. It is produced to meet specific quality standards and is targeted toward particular markets and consumer groups. This study aimed to compare the growth, yield components, and yield of rice varieties in the niche market rice category in farmers' fields in Mueang District, Songkhla Province during the 2022/23 rainy season (October 2022 to March 2023). A randomized complete block design with four replications was implemented in the experimental design. In total, six rice varieties were cultivated, including two glutinous rice varieties (RD6 semidwarf and Thunya sirin) and four non-glutinous rice varieties (Sungyod, RD43, Hom cholasit, and Riceberry). The results demonstrated that all six rice varieties were capable of adapting to the environmental conditions and growing, with statistically significant differences in yield (p<0.01). Hom Cholasit had the highest yield (686.48 kg/rai) among the non-glutinous rice varieties, followed by Riceberry (521.23 kg/rai) and RD43 (495.92 kg/rai). Sungyod had the lowest yield (362.86 kg/rai). Thunya Sirin had a higher yield (479.24 kg/rai) in the glutinous rice group than RD6 semidwarf (397.62 kg/rai). The results of this study indicate the potential to encourage farmers to cultivate niche market rice varieties to enhance economic opportunities in Songkhla Province.

Water quality estimation in Nan Basin at station N.1 using QSWAT model

Rewat Termkla — 2025-12-25

This research aimed to evaluate water quality in the Nan River Basin at the N.1 gauging station, focusing on key indicators such as Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD). The analysis employed QGIS software integrated with the QSWAT model to simulate and monitor water quality between 2016 and 2018. The model demonstrated high accuracy in streamflow simulation during the calibration period, with R² =0.7139 and NSE =0.6934, and remained within an acceptable range during the validation period, with R² =0.6658 and NSE =0.5866. For water quality indicators, the model closely approximated observed DO and BOD levels in many instances, particularly during the rainy season when higher streamflow enhancing pollutant dilution. However, during the dry season, greater discrepancies were observed, especially in months with low flow and high pollutant accumulation. Overall, the findings indicate that the QSWAT model performs effectively in simulating streamflow and water quality during the rainy season and can be applied for water resource management and water quality monitoring in other watershed areas.

Effects of using Azolla (Azolla microphylla) to feed Thai silver barb (Barbonymus gonionotus) in organic rice fields

Wisarut Polpinij — 2025-12-25

This research aimed to study the effects of using Azolla (Azolla microphylla) in combination with organic fish feed in the cultivation of Thai Silver barb (Barbonymus gonionotus) in an organic rice field system. The experiment was conducted at the Fisheries Farm, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Surin Campus, over a period of 120 days. The experiment was divided into four treatment groups: 1) rice cultivation only, 2) fish fed exclusively with Azolla, 3) fish fed with a combination of Azolla and organic fish feed, and 4) fish fed exclusively with organic fish feed. Results showed that groups 4 had the highest average weight of 57.94±13.07 grams per fish, while groups 3 achieved 55.36±12.34 grams, with no significant difference between these two groups. However, both groups 3 and 4 showed statistically significant differences (p< 0.05) compared to groups 2, which had the lowest weight of 44.96±8.23 grams. Similarly, groups 4 exhibited the greatest length of 16.14±1.29 cm, followed by groups 3 (16.01±1.07 cm), with no significant difference between them but both group 3 and 4 were significantly different (p<0.05) from groups 2 which had the smallest length of 14.89±0.97 cm. Other growth parameters followed similar trends, with groups 3 and 4 demonstrating better Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) than groups 2 with statistical significance (p<0.05). Groups 4 achieved the highest SGR of 1.63%/day and the lowest FCR of 1.43, indicating efficient feed conversion to biomass. Fulton’s condition index (K) and survival rates showed no significant differences across all groups (p>0.05), with K values ranging from 1.35 to 1.38 and survival rates exceeding 92%, indicating the suitability of the organic rice field environment for fish rearing.

Enhancing hot air drying performance through IoT-based intelligent air recirculation control

Kan Komanee — 2025-12-25

Drying is an energy-intensive process extensively utilized in food and agricultural industries for moisture reduction of products. This research aimed to investigate techniques for enhancing hot air drying performance through the application of a real-time adjustable air recirculation control system based on Internet of Things technology. Experiments were conducted under drying temperature conditions of 50°C, 60°C and 70°C combined with air recirculation percentages of 0%, 25%, 50% and 75%, while maintaining constant air velocity at 1.5 m/s. Pork tenderloin was used as the sample material for this study. The criteria used for evaluating drying performance included drying rate and specific energy consumption. The study results revealed that increasing drying temperature resulted in increased drying rate and specific energy consumption. Conversely, increasing air recirculation percentage helped reduce specific energy consumption while drying rate increased. Under drying temperature conditions of 70°C, increasing air recirculation percentage from 0% to 75% resulted in a 61% reduction in specific energy consumption and an 11% increase in drying rate. Furthermore, it was found that under conditions of 50°C drying temperature and 75% air recirculation percentage, the lowest specific energy consumption of 17.11 kWh/kg was achieved. This study confirms that integrating air recirculation percentage control systems with Internet of Things technology can significantly enhance drying performance. This approach demonstrates potential for industrial-scale applications, particularly in energy-saving drying systems and long-term sustainable development.

Multi-criteria analysis for optimal agricultural freight routing: a case study of durian transport from Chanthaburi to chiang khong customs house

Thanasit Nitayaprapha — 2025-12-25

This study aimed to analyze and compare the critical factors influencing the selection of optimal transportation routes for agricultural products, using a case study of durian transport from chanthaburi province to the Chiang Khong customs house in Chiang Rai province. A comprehensive review of domestic and international studies identified 35 relevant factors. The frequency ranking technique was applied to prioritize and select 9 key factors: transportation time, cost, distance, road conditions, pavement quality, road width, frequency of acceleration, route characteristics, and facility availability. The analysis employed a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach using the simple additive weighting (SAW) method to evaluate route suitability. The results revealed that Route 3-1 obtained the highest total score, followed by routes 1-1 and 3-2. In contrast, routes 2-4 and 4-2 received the lowest scores, indicating potential infrastructure deficiencies and environmental challenges. Routes 3-1 and 4-3, with total scores of 7.6469 and 5.6250 respectively, Therefore, it could be concluded that they were the most suitable routes for durian transport. Based on the consistency of factors of time, cost and route quality, the research shows that considering multiple factors together increases route selection accuracy, reduces risk and enhances the competitiveness of the Thai agricultural sector.

Evaluation of quality and proximate composition of striped catfish floss, Thai river sprat fish powder, dried water meal and application of rice seasoning powder production

Jukkarin Treeinthong — 2025-12-25

The demand for health-promoting foods has been increasing, leading to the utilization of locally nutrient-rich ingredients in food product development. However, understanding the quality and proximate composition of raw materials is crucial for effective product formulation. This study aimed to evaluate the quality and proximate composition of striped catfish floss (SCF), Thai river sprat fish powder (TRS-FP), and dried water meal (DWM) and study the potential of these raw materials for producing rice seasoning powder. The results showed that SCF contained 44.87% protein, 42.06% carbohydrates, 5.53% ash, 0.94% fat, and 0.44% fiber. TRS-FP had 76.13% protein, 9.84% carbohydrates, 5.31% fat, 2.90% ash, and 1.85% fiber. DWM comprised 64.73% carbohydrates, 25.58% protein, 1.37% ash, 0.92% fat, and 0.55% fiber. All three raw materials had low moisture content (range 3.97-6.86%) and water activity (0.257-0.354). When the raw materials were used for producing rice seasoning powder by using SCF (46.09%), TRS-FP (17.39%) and DWM (13.04%), it was found that rice seasoning powder contained 40.57% protein, 9.22% fat, 6.04% fiber, 11.34% ash, and 27.95% carbohydrates. It had antioxidant properties with a DPPH radical scavenging activity value of 60.41%, an ABTS radical scavenging activity value of 1001.04 µM TE/g and a FRAP value of 7.334 mM Fe²⁺equivalents/g. The overall liking score was moderate liking level (7.10 points). Therefore, it can be concluded that the three raw materials are sources of protein and carbohydrate nutrients and have the potential to be produced as rice seasoning powder.