Maejo Journal of Agricultural Production

Study of Phosphorus on Potato Growth and Seed Production in Media

2024-02-20T14:38:52+07:00

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of phosphorus on potato tuber production in the growing media. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications and 4 different fertilizer management. The experiment consisted of 1) 1.0 g of total P per bag, 2) 1.1 g of total P per bag, 3) 1.2 g of total P per bag, and 4) 1.1 g of total P per bag and included foliar phosphorus spraying. The results during the experiment with the 1.1 g of total P per bag is sufficient for potato growth and products. During 30 - 90 days after planting, it was found that all levels of phosphorus did not affect growth, leaf color, and number of plants. However, 30 days after the experiment, it was found that 1.0 g of total P per bag and 1.1 g of total P per bag of potatoes was the plant height is highest. At 60 - 90 days, there was no effect on the height of the potato plants. Although the experiment with the 1.2 g of total P per bag produced the highest numbers of stolon at 30 - 60 days it was not statistically different from a treatment with the 1.0 g of total P per bag. Also, at 90 days, the phosphorus level was not statistically different. In terms of potato production, it was found that at 60 days treated with the 1.1 g of total P per bag. Resulting in the number of tuber sizes 40 - 65 millimeters having a statistical difference in the number of tubers, However, during the harvest period of 90 days, it was found that using all levels of phosphorus no statistical difference in the number of tubers, tuber size, and total weight per bag. Phosphorus concentrations in plants, roots, tubers, and the uptake of phosphorus in potatoes were statistically different (P>0.05) Therefore, the potato tuber production in growing media can reduce phosphorus consumption from the original level by 0.1 - 0.2 g of total P per bag in the production of potato cultivar FL 2215.

Factors Effecting the Adoption of Online Marketing Channel for Selling Products of Community Enterprise Members Chiang Mai Province

2024-04-22T09:03:43+07:00

This study was conducted to investigate 1) socio-economic attributes of community enterprise members in Chiang Mai province 2) a level of adoption of online marketing channel for selling products of the community enterprise members 3) factors affecting the adoption of online marketing channel for selling products of the community enterprise members; and 4) problems encountered and suggestions about the adoption. The sample group consisted of 189 community enterprise members in Chiang Mai province who had attended a training online marketing for selling products. A set of questionnaires was used for data collection and analyzed by using descriptive statistics, inferential statistics and multiple regression.

Results of the study revealed that more than one-half of the respondents were male, 52 years old on average, married, and lower secondary school graduates. Most of the respondents were Mainly engaged in agriculture with an average annual income of 298,911.11 baht. Also, they earned an income from being communing enterprise members for 13,566.13 baht per year on average. Besides, they received dividend as community enterprise members for 593.91 baht per year on average. However, they had debts for 202,060.84 baht on average. Although most of them had their own capital. The respondents had been community enterprise members for 5.49 years on average and they have an average of 2 products. They perceived news or information about online marketing channel three times per year on average. The respondents attended training on educational trip 0.5 time per year and contacted of hen community enterprise members once a year on average. The respondents contacted government sector official once year. The respondents had a high level of the adoption of online marketing channels for product selling. Based on into details, the following were found at a high level: benefit perception (=3.90), interest in new technology (=3.84), intention to use (=3.78), actual use (=3.69), and ease of use (=3.67), respectively. Regarding factors affecting the adoption of online marketing channel for selling products of the respondents, gender (p = 0.013) and income from being community enterprise members (p = 0.041) were positive with a statistical significance level. However, age (p<0.001) and capital source (p<0.001) and time span of membership (p = 0.008) were found to be negative with a statistically significant level. The following were problems encountered: Members lack participation in operating within the community enterprise group, creating an online marketing channel is complex and difficult, lack of funds to create and develop online marketing channels, there are limitations on equipment and network signals, the distribution of the transportation system still does not cover all areas. The following were suggestion: promote mutual awareness, create a standardized platform to advertise products directly, provide credit sources for members to have working capital, support systematic planning of transportation processes.

The Systems of Production and Marketing of Southern Native Chicken Producers

2024-04-18T14:58:21+07:00

The objective of this research was to study the production and marketing system of native chicken farmers in the southern region. In order to motivate farmers to raise the income from their products. By collecting data from native chicken farmers in Nakhon Si Thammarat and Phatthalung provinces. The result showed that farmers who raised native chickens have a net profit per production cycle at 5.94 baht/kilogram, profit over cash cost per production cycle at 17.53 baht/kilogram. The total cost of raising native chickens per production cycle at 84.06 baht/kilogram, which were separated into fixed and variable costs. The most cost is food at 72.80 percent. While the distribution channel showed that farmers preferred selling live native chickens to merchants in the local area, with the high percentage followed by distribution to wholesale merchants, retail merchants. And others, such as community consumers, community restaurants, respectively. In relation to the creation of native chicken production and marketing systems, additional management procedures such as overseeing the native chicken feed program should be included to boost native chicken production efficiency. To enable farmers to make genuine profits, breed development and cost-benefit analysis are implemented in the production of native chickens. In addition to encouraging distribution networks and policies for creating regional chicken products to boost farmer income.

Participation in Creating Added Value of Betel Nut Farmers in Bang Tin Pet Subdistrict, Mueang Chachoengsao District, Chachoengsao Province

2024-04-30T09:16:45+07:00

The objectives of this research were to study 1) personal basic factors and socio-economic factors 2) needs to create added value to betel nut, 3) participation of farmers in creating added value to betel nut, 4) relationship of factors to farmers' participation in creating added value, 5) problems and suggestions. The sample group was 84 betel nut farmers by using interviews to collect data. Statistics used include frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, and Chi-square to test the hypothesis. The research shown that most betel nut farmers were female, an average age of 64.62 years old, marital status, had a primary education level, an average agricultural family member was 1.52 people, an average farming experience was 29.90 years. The average farming area was 5.98 rai, an average betel nut productivity was 788.69 kg/year, an average income was 26,261.90 Baht/year. The need to create added value was at a high level with an average of 2.43 and participation in create added value to betel nut at moderate level with an averaging of 1.68. The hypothesis testing found that agricultural areas, income, and needs in creating added value of betel nut were related to participation in creating added value of betel nuts at a statistical significance level of 0.01, gender was related to in creating added value of betel nuts at a statistical significance level of 0.05. Due to decreased income but the yield was the same. This makes farmers want to participate in creating added value. The problems of farmers where a community of Bang Tin Ped Subdistrict was farmers lack participation in solving the situation of price decline, lacked joint activities, and lack of knowledge to change patterns and create added value for betel nuts.

Farmer's Need of Cultivation Extension of Avocado in Pang Hin Fon Subdistrict, Mae Chaem District, Chiang Mai Province

2024-04-30T08:46:07+07:00

The objectives of this research were to 1) study basic personal characteristics, some economic and social aspects of avocado farmers 2) study farmers’ knowledge on the avocado growing 3) study a level of needs towards avocado growing extension of the farmers 4) analyze factors related to the needs for the development of growing avocado farmers, and 5) study problems encountered and suggestions of the farmers in Pang Hin Fon sub-district, Mae Chaem district, Chiang Mai province. A questionnaire was used for data collection from the sample of 226 avocado farmers and analyzed by using descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, maximum, minimum, and standard deviation. Including perform hypothesis testing to find relationships between independent variables and dependent variables by using multiple regression.

Results of the study revealed that most of the avocado farmers were male, with an average age of 45 years, married, and had elementary school certificate level. There was an average household of 4 with workforce of 2 people. It was found that the farmers had all the household income an average of 115,139 baht a year, had the land average of 15.20 rai per family and had contact with agricultural extension officers on average 2 times per year on the pests and diseases subject. In addition, there is a need to develop the processing and extension on growing avocado in Pang Hin Fon. Overall, we found that the farmers’ requirement on extension was at a high level (average 4.07), as the most on section of planting area and seeds (average 4.26), farming and care (average 4.24), crop harvest management (average 4.22), and the last on the marketing (average 3.54) respectively.

For hypothesis testing, it was found that factors related to the needs of growing avocado in Pang Hin Fon sub-district, Mae Chaem district, Chiang Mai province had a positive relationship on age with the statistically significant (p=0.001) and on the knowledge about avocado growing (p =0.005) but showed the negative relation on the section of household workforce (p =0.015).

For problems encountered, we found that most members faced the problem of water shortages in summer -since avocado farming is a water-intensive activity-, the level of the farming/caring knowledges, pests and diseases condition respectively. Their needs and suggestions were that they want the government to support and develop on water systems, knowledge, innovation and technology for avocado farming.

Knowledge Management on Biochar Application in Hemp Cultivation by Farmers Ban Krang Subdistrict, Mueang District, Phitsanulok Province

2024-05-29T10:23:25+07:00

This research aimed to study 1) demographic and economic characteristics 2) knowledge of farmers in biochar production 3) knowledge management on biochar application in hemp cultivation 4) differences between demographic and economic characteristics and knowledge management on biochar application in hemp cultivation by farmers in Ban Krang subdistrict, Mueang district, Phitsanulok province. The sample was 152 households and collected data from January - February 2024 by using an interview form. Statistics used were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and F-test.

The research results found that farmers were male, average age 44.62 years old, with high school education or vocational certificate, average number of members was 4.57 people, average number of workers was 3.73 people. The average experience in making biochar was 1.01 years, average annual income was 24,730.26 baht and average annual expenses was 10,421.05 baht. Knowledge in biochar production was at a moderate level with an average of 16.37. Knowledge management in using biochar in growing hemp was at a moderate level with an average of 2.13. The hypothesis was found that household workers had an impact on knowledge management on biochar application in hemp cultivation by farmers regarding access to knowledge at a significant level of 0.05. Household expenses were affected knowledge management on biochar application in hemp cultivation by farmers regarding learning at a significant level of 0.05. Furthermore, Levels of knowledge in biochar production in households also affected knowledge management on biochar application in hemp cultivation by farmers with significant at 0.01.

Assessment of Soil Properties Influencing Chlorpyrifos Contamination Using Geoinformatics in Marian plum Farm (Bouea burmanica Griff.): A Case Study of Mueang Nakhon Nayok District, Nakhon Nayok Province

2024-05-28T17:23:00+07:00

Since the utilization of insecticides induces contamination in agricultural produce and the environment, the research aims to (1) study physical factors of the soil that affect the accumulation of Chlorpyrifos in Marian Plum's plantation (2) examine the risk of contamination by applying Analysis Hierarchy Process: AHP and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process: FAHP. The findings indicate that, according to the AHP method, the eigenvector of soil texture has the highest value (0.362), followed by soil pH (0.240), infiltration rate (0.138), soil depth (0.130), slope (0.081), topology wetness index: TWI (0.048), respectively. However, the findings from the FAHP method suggest that the eigenvectors respectively ranked from the highest to lowest as follows: soil texture (0.194), soil pH (0.181), soil depth (0.165), infiltration rate (0.162), slope (0.155), TWI (0.142). The spatial overlay analysis also reveals the risk of contamination in 5.41 sq.km of Marian Plum's plantation in Mueang District, Nakhon Nayok Province. Following the AHP method, the risk is highest at 3.36 sq.km, high at 2.01 sq.km, and moderate at 0.04 sq.km. The FAHP method, on the other hand, shows that the risk is highest at 0.23 sq.km, high at 4.66 sq.km, moderate at 0.52 sq.km, and low at 0.001 sq.km. Additionally, the contamination of Chlorpyrifos is not detected in the analysis of the soil sample. According to the findings from the field survey, the result is most likely due to the lack of agricultural Chlorpyrifos trade in the research site for at least a year.

Factors Affecting the Acceptance to Use of Drone Among Cassava Farmers in Cassava Cultivation at Tha Bo District, Nong Khai Province

2024-06-18T20:02:57+07:00

The objectives of this research were to study 1) basic personal factors, and socio-economics factors of farmers 2) acceptance to use drones in cassava cultivation 3) decision to use drones for cassava cultivation 4) problems and obstacles for farmers in cassava cultivation at Tha Bo district, Nong Khai province. Data were collected by using questionnaires and analyzed by using descriptive statistics, such as frequency, percentage, minimum value, maximum, value, mean, standard deviation and Pearson Chi-square test. A sample group was 302 farmers. Results showed that most farmers were female with an average age of 61 years old, and a bachelor's degree. The average number of family members was 4.74 people. There was an average of 1.85 agricultural laborers per household. The average experience of farmers in cassava cultivation was 2.25 years. The average income of farmers was 59,862.50 Baht per year. The average amount of land for cassava cultivation was 13.36 rai per family. A characteristic to use drones was spraying pesticides by gathering of farmers in the area. The overall acceptance for use of drones in cassava cultivation was at a high acceptance level. There was an average acceptance level of 2.15. The overall decision level to use drones for cassava cultivation was at the high decision level. The average decision level to use drones for cassava cultivation was 1.99. From the hypothesis testing, it was found that gender, age, education level, number of family’s labors, experience in cassava cultivation, a characteristic to use drones was spraying pesticides by gathering of farmers in the area, and acceptance to use drones in cassava cultivation were related to the decision to use drones for cassava cultivation was statistically significant at the 0.01 level. The problem found was that farmers were lacking appropriate knowledge for using agricultural drones in cassava cultivation.

Effects of Abscisic Acid on Physiological Responses, Growth, Yield, and Quality of Peanut Seed under Water Deficit in Field Trial Conditions

2024-06-07T08:53:27+07:00

The effect of abscisic acid (ABA) on physiological responses, growth, yield components, yield, and quality of peanut seed under water deficit in field trial conditions was evaluated. Seeds of peanut cv. DOA Khon Kaen 5 seeds were treated with foliar ABA at the rate of 0 10 20 and 30 ppm during pod initiation stage (R3 growth stage) in water-deprived plants compared to unapplied in water-deprived plants and well-watered plants. The results showed that photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and H₂O conductance under water deficit were less than those under well-watered. However, photosynthesis water use efficiency and vapor pressure deficit based on leaf temperature per air temperature increased more than those under well-watered. Foliar application of ABA at 10 ppm during pod initiation stage increased pod fresh weight and pod dry weight of peanut under water deficit. Moreover, seed moisture, germination, and vigor of peanut seeds tested by accelerated aging test under water deficit was not significantly different from under well-watered, according to the Department of Agriculture's registered peanut seed standards (standard germination ≥ 75%)

Effect of Calcium Chloride and Carrageenan Coating on Quality of Fresh-Cut Papaya During Storage

2024-06-10T08:25:49+07:00

The effect of calcium chloride on texture and sensory quality acceptance of fresh-cut papaya was investigated. Papaya pieces were dipped in 0.5 1.0 and 1.5% w/v calcium chloride (CaCl₂) solution for 3 min. Pulp firmness and sensory quality were compared with the control treatment (without CaCl₂ dipping). Results indicated that dipping in 0.5 1.0 and 1.5% w/v CaCl₂ solution could help significantly increase the samples' firmness (p≤0.05). However, the increased CaCl₂ concentration caused the fresh-cut samples to be off-flavor. Calcium chloride and carrageenan’s effect on fresh-cut papaya’s quality were studied during storage at 5°C and 95% RH. Comparison of postharvest quality changes of fresh-cut papaya is as follows: control, 0.5% w/v CaCl₂ dipped, and 0.5% w/v CaCl₂ dipped + 0.5% w/v carrageenan coated. Changes in color, firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), and sensory quality were evaluated every 2 days. The fresh-cut papaya dipped in 0.5% w/v CaCl₂maintained firmness and showed better sensory quality than fresh-cut papaya receiving the other treatments. Color and TSS were not significant for all treatments. The carrageenan coating had a negative effect on the sensory quality of fresh-cut papaya during storage.

Effects of Edible Coating on Postharvest Quality and Shelf Life of Fresh-Cut Cabbage

2024-07-30T13:24:04+07:00

Due to enzymatic browning, fresh-cut cabbage has a short shelf life, affecting its quality and being rejected by consumers. The study aimed to investigate the effects of edible coatings (Natacoat and Sucrose fatty acid ester) on the postharvest qualities of fresh-cut cabbage. The experimental design was completely randomized design. The cabbage was peeled, cut, and coated with 0.05% Natacoat, 0.5% Sucrose fatty acid ester, or Control (distilled water), then dried and stored at 5ᵒC. The results showed that coating with Natacoat and Sucrose fatty acid ester provided better qualities in terms of external appearance, inhibited browning, reduced weight loss, retarded respiration rate, and maintained higher firmness than the control during storage (p<0.05). However, fresh-cut cabbage coated with Sucrose fatty acid ester had off-flavor after 8 days of storage. These results indicated that the coating with Natacoat was more effectively maintained the quality of fresh-cut cabbage, preventing an unpleasant smell, and was accepted by consumers and extending shelf life for 8 days at 5ᵒC.

Effect of Forchlorfenuron and Boric Acid on Flower Bud Initiation of Table Grape

2024-06-13T12:31:43+07:00

Grapes can grow well in all climates. However, after pruning, there is often a problem of non-simultaneous bud breakage. Therefore, hydrogen cyanamide is often used (the commercial bud-breaking agent). However, it is a substance that is dangerous to users and is highly toxic. Therefore, the effects of Forchlorfenuron (CPPU) and boron (boric acid) on the stimulation of flower bud break of grape ‘Gold Bailey A’ were investigated to compare with 2.5% of hydrogen cyanamide. The results showed that hydrogen cyanamide at 2.5 percent gave the highest bud break percentage of 30.0 percent, which was not significantly different from CPPU at 10 mg/L with bud break percentages of 16.6 percent. CPPU at 10 mg/L also gave the highest flower bud percentage of 10.6 percent without significant differences found when compared to hydrogen cyanide and boric acid at 1,000 mg/L (9 and 8.3 percent of flower bud percentages, respectively). For the fruit set, CPPU 10 mg/L showed the highest fruit set at 13.3 percent. CPPU 10 mg/L and boric acid 1,000 mg/L can be used as the stimulating substances for flower buds and replace toxic substances (hydrogen cyanamide) that are harmful to grape farmers. Furthermore, using CPPU and boric acid can reduce costs by up to 4.75percent (35.4 baht) and 4.7 percent (35.85 baht), respectively, when compared to using hydrogen cyanamide (per liter of water mixing rate).

Effect of Adding Fermented Black Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Meal in Laying Hen Diet on Egg Production Performance and Quality

2024-08-23T14:28:40+07:00

The study on the effect of adding fermented black sesame meal (FSM) in laying hen diet on egg production performance and quality was conducted in 160 Lohmann Brown laying hens at 25 weeks old. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 groups. Each group consisted of 4 replications, and each replication had 10 laying hens. Group 1, the control group, the hens were fed a control diet without FSM. Group 2 3 and 4 of the hens were fed a diet containing 2.50 5.00 and 10.00% FSM diet, respectively. The experiment was observed for 6 weeks. The results showed that egg production, feed intake, and egg quality of all groups were not significantly different (p>0.05). Except for the conversion ratio and egg yolk index of 5.00% FSM group and Haugh unit of 5% and 10% FSM groups were significantly lower than control group (p<0.05). However, the egg yolk color of the 2.50% FSM group was higher than that of the control group (p<0.05). Therefore, level of FSM in a laying hen diet suitable for improving egg yolk color and feed conversion ratio should be between 2.50% - 5.00%.

Farmer’s Opinion on the Utilization of Line Official Account Platform to Manage Durian Cultivation in Eastern Thailand

2024-08-20T11:28:49+07:00

This research aimed to study 1) demographic characteristics of farmers, 2) media exposure of farmers on utilization to make decisions in managing durian cultivation, 3) the need for knowledge in managing durian cultivation through the use of the Line Official Account platform by farmers, and 4) information on the use of the Line Official Account platform by farmers in managing durian cultivation. The sample were 396 durian farmers in the Eastern region. Data was collected by using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, minimum, maximum, standard deviation, and chi-square test. The results of the research found that most farmers were male, with an average age of 36.88 years, and most of them studied at the secondary level. They had an average durian growing experience of 11.31 years, an average planting area of 18.78 rai, an average annual income of 6,039,744.96 baht, and an average annual expenditure of 1,845,616.16 baht. The results of the hypothesis testing found that level of education, durian growing experience, average annual income, average annual expenses, channels for receiving information, and farmers' need for knowledge in managing durian cultivation were related to farmers' use of the Line Official Account platform in managing durian cultivation at a statistical significance level of 0.01. Farmers' gender and planting area size were related to farmers' use of the Line Official Account platform in managing durian cultivation at a statistical significance level of 0.05. The problem faced by farmers’ lack of knowledge and in detail managing durian cultivation. The recommendation is relevant sector agencies should create modern media from the durian cultivation management database that farmers can access more easily than the existing media.

Crop Water Use Coefficient and Water Footprint of Arabica Coffee under Rainfed Condition in Chiang Mai Province

2024-09-16T13:16:50+07:00

The rationale of the research was to study the crop water coefficient of Arabica coffee under rainfed conditions for database not only water management but also water footprint computing for coffee production in Thailand. The results revealed that crop water coefficient of the Catimor coffee cultivar 8 - 9 years on both seasonal (from 1 March 2022 to 28 February 2023 until 1 March 2023 to 29 February 2024) in flowering stage average 0.50±0.40 subsequently fruit development to ripeness stage averaged 1.39±0.01 and harvested until bud formation averaged 0.08±0.08, which have average crop water coefficient whole season and cherry fresh yield were 0.91±0.09 and 2.78±1.54 tons/yielded rai. While the H420 coffee cultivar 6-7 years in flowering stage averaged 0.51±0.37 after that fruit development to ripeness stage averaged 1.53±0.05 and harvested until bud formation averaged 0.05±0.05, which have average crop water coefficient whole season and cherry fresh yield were 0.99±0.10 and 2.41±0.12 tons/rai respectively. For the water footprint amount of the Catimor coffee cultivar such as green, blue, grey, total water footprint and rainfall amount averaged 1,094.2±738.4, 0.0±0.0, 0.9±0.6, 1,095.1±739.1 liters/kilogram and 2,406.5±386.5 mm/crop seasonal whereas the H420 coffee cultivar averaged 1,007.2±238.1, 21.4±21.4, 0.2±0.1, 1,028.8±259.4 liters/kilogram and 2,627.5±211.9 mm/crop seasonal respectively.

Effect of Vermicompost Combined with Trichoderma sp. on RD43 Rice Yield and Some Soil Properties in Organic Paddy Field

2024-10-04T15:54:27+07:00

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of vermicompost and Trichoderma sp. combined application on RD43 rice yield and some soil properties in farmers’ organic fields, Phachi district, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya province. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with 5 treatments and 6 replications consisting of treatment 1 (T1) no application of vermicompost and Trichoderma sp. (Control), treatment 2 (T2) application of 1,000 kg/rai of vermicompost, treatment 3 (T3) application of 1,000 kg/rai of vermicompost and 1 kg/rai of Trichoderma sp., treatment 4 (T4) application of 1,000 kg/rai of vermicompost and 2 kg/rai of Trichoderma sp. and treatment 5 (T5) application of 1,000 kg/rai of vermicompost and 3 kg/rai of Trichoderma sp. The result showed that the application of 1,000 kg/rai of vermicompost and 2 kg/rai of Trichoderma sp. resulted in the highest plant height of 102.12 cm, tillers per hill of 15.17, number of grains per panicle of 131.63, grain yield of 616.23 kg/rai and straw dry weight of 988.56 kg/rai, respectively. In addition, receiving such treatment also lead to the highest amount of organic matter and total nitrogen (3.79% and 0.48%, respectively) (p<0.01). The results of this research suggest that the application of vermicompost combined with Trichoderma sp. in organic rice fields can increase the yield of RD43 rice and plant nutrients in the soil.