Journal of Mahanakorn Veterinary Medicine

A Case Report of Canine Histiocytic Sarcoma

Titaree Laoharatchatathanin — 2024-03-20

An 8-year-old intact male mixed-breed dog present with a 2 month history of multiple subcutaneous nodules located on the dorsum, lateral thorax, ventral abdomen, and all four limbs and progressive exophthalmos of the right eye. Overall results from the general physical examination were normal unless depress vomit and right popliteal lymph node enlargement. Hematology revealed moderate non-regenerative anemia and leukocytosis. Thoracic radiology was unremarkable. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed marked enlargement of medial iliac and hepatic lymph nodes and found mass at retro-bulbar area. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of the skin mass and mass at retro-bulbar area revealed atypical cells of suspected malignant round cell tumor origin. Therefore, to confirm that type of cancer should be biopsy is performed for histopathological. Histopathological features of affected tissues composed of pleomorphic round cells arranged in closely packed sheets. The tumor cells were immunopositive for vimentin, CD204, and E-cadherin and negative for CD3. Based on the histopathological and immunohistochemical findings this case was diagnosed as canine histiocytic sarcoma.

Anti-viral Activity of Four Mixed Herbal Extracts Against Chicken Anemia Virus (CAV) in Cell Lines

Suttitas Tongkamsai — 2024-03-16

Chicken anemia virus (CAV) causes chicken infectious anemia (CIA), the major immunosuppressive disease in chickens. However, licensed vaccines could not be used for all ages of chickens, and there are no effective anti-viral drugs to treat CIA. Chinese medicinal herbs have been reported for anti-viral activity. In this present study, mixed extracts were tested for anti-CAV activities in the MSB-1 cell line. The cytotoxicity was carried out through an MTT assay. The extracts were tested for pre- and post-infection anti-viral activities at 30 min, 1, 2, and 4 hrs. The results showed that 50% cytotoxic concentration was 84.77 µg/ml. Our pre-treatment results demonstrated that the mixed extracts (15.625 µg/ml) showed anti-viral activity against CAV in vitro with incubated 2 to 4 hrs and significantly reduced virus titers. We suggested that these extracts act during the adsorption phase. On the other hand, the post-treatment results exhibited that the mixed extracts did not have anti-viral activity. The potent anti-viral effect of a single active component was implicated. However, their anti-viral action's possible synergistic or interference effect mechanisms of mixed compounds have not been studied yet.

Investigation of Differential Somatic Cell Count as Supplementary Indicator to Somatic Cell Count for Identification of Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows

Thanchanok Thammathorn — 2024-03-16

In dairy farms, somatic cell count (SCC) is widely used to determine subclinical mastitis and milk quality. Recently, more studies have been applying differential somatic cell count (DSCC) as a tool to identify subclinical mastitis. DSCC represents the total polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and lymphocytes expressed as a percentage of the total. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between DSCC and SCC in the assessment of subclinical mastitis. We collaborated with 4 farms totaling 140 dairy cows. Intramammary infection (IMI) or mastitis status was assessed using microbiological cultures and biochemical tests for major and minor pathogens. The milk was analyzed for SCC and DSCC using Fossomatic 7DC. The result of our study showed that the combination of DSCC of 47.35% and SCC 100,00- 120,000 cells/mL classified cows as infected by 53.42% major pathogens and 46.55% minor pathogens. In conclusion, our study supports the new approach based on the combined use of DSCC and SCC to screen for IMI and could be a new indicator for mastitis screening in dairy farms. However, more work on the subject is needed to provide more precise information on the diagnosis of mastitis.

Inhibition of Sporulation of Chicken Eimeria by Tannin from Kameng Leaf Extract

Khompakorn Thanasut — 2024-03-16

Kameng is a plant native to Central and South America. The species has spread to temperate and tropical countries. In Thailand, it can be found everywhere in every region. The main active ingredient against protozoa is tannin. Since Thailand is located in a tropical area suitable for the growth of Eimeria spp., this protozoa in chickens is a disease that causes dysentery, diarrhea and a higher morbidity and mortality rate and the growth rate was decreased. This results in economic damage to farmers. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a Kameng leaf extract on the sporulation rate of eimeria oocysts in broiler (in vitro). Experiment was separated into 6 groups. The tannin concentrations from Kameng leaf extract were at 70, 700, 7,000 and 70,000 ppm, the Toltrazuril anticoccidial group and the control group. The morphological characteristics of oocysts and sporulation rate of each experimental group were compared after mixing the leaf extract with oocysts at 24, 48 and 72 hours. The inhibition of the sporulation depends on the concentration of tannin. Tannin from Kameng leaf extract at a concentration of 70,000 ppm resulted in oocyst wall deformity and oocyst wall rupture the most. In addition, the sporulation rate was the lowest compared to each experimental group. According to the results of the study, the altered oocyst wall and reduced sporulation rate reduce the pathogenic capacity in chickens.

Effect of Citrus Flavonoids Supplementation on Growth Performance, Oxidative Stress, and Gut Health of Broilers Raised under High Stocking Density

Kittisak Insawake — 2024-03-20

High stocking density can cause stress which leads to negative effects on broiler health and growth performance. Although antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) could be used to alleviate these effects, they could raise the risk of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. This citrus flavonoid is a potential as an alternative to AGPs. A total of 1,500 one-day-old male chicks (Ross308) were divided into 5 treatments with 10 replicates including, 1) normal stocking density (NSD, 10 birds/m²), 2) high stocking density (HSD, 15 birds/m²), 3) HSD with 50 ppm Bacitracin (BCT50), 4) HSD with 300 ppm citrus flavonoids (FVN300), and 5) HSD with 400 ppm citrus flavonoids (FVN400). There was no significant different in FI and BW (P >0.05) among dietary treatments in all period of experiment. However, during 11-24 DOA, FCR of HSD was significantly higher than the NSD (P<0.05). The supplementation FVN at both levels showed the positive effect on lowering FCR of NSD birds (P<0.05). At 35 DOA, the level H:L ratio and serum MDA levels of HSD birds were significantly higher than those of NSD birds (P<0.05) were significantly decreased in the supplementation FVN at both levels significantly lower these parameters when compared to that of the HSD (P<0.05). The supplementation of FVN significantly increased jejunal villus height and VH: CD ratio of HSD birds (P<0.01). FVN showed a very promising improvement of oxidative stress status and gut health of broilers.