Health Science, Science and Technology Reviews

Effect of Torulaspora delbrueckii and Metschnikowia pulcherrima on Fermentation Activities and Sensory Properties of Sparkling Lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn. var. Hong Huay) Cider

2023-01-04T17:22:26+07:00

This research used the low selling price and short shelf-life of lychee fruit drop as raw materials for sparkling lychee cider production. Lychee juices were fermented with two strains of non-Saccharomyces yeasts (Torulaspora delbrueckii; TD and Metschnikowia pulcherrima; MP) in hermetically sealed glass bottles and incubated at ambient temperature (30±3 °C) for 96 h. Fermentation activities were monitored every 24 h. It was found that TD yeast started fermenting faster than MP yeast, with lower conversion rate of sugar to alcohol and carbon dioxide. Sparkling lychee cider fermented with TD yeast had higher sensory scores of tropical fruit aroma intensity, aroma, -flavor, and -overall liking than that of sparkling lychee cider fermented with MP yeast.

Effect of added carbon dioxide (CO2) conduction on root induction in cutting ball of Chiang-da shoots from tissue culture

2023-01-04T17:08:37+07:00

The research aimed to study the effect of added carbon dioxide (CO₂) conduction on root induction in cutting – ball of Chiang – da shoots from tissue culture. A completely randomized design (CRD) of five treatments with six replications was used in this experiment. Tr.1 ; Semi - medium bottle cap (control), Tr.2 ; cutting ball + standard lid, Tr.3 ; cutting ball + vented tissue culture cap, Tr.4 ; cutting ball + added CO₂+ vented tissue culture cap and Tr.5 ; cutting ball + added CO₂ + standard lid. The results showed that the shoot tip plants on Tr.2, Tr.3, Tr.4 and Tr.5 had the highest average survival percentage. The number of roots showed that cultured in control had the highest mean number of roots significantly different from other treatments. The percentage of a root, length of root, SPAD Unit, chlorophyll a, b and total were not significantly different from all treatments.

Anti-Propionibacterium acnes and Tyrosinase inhibition activities of Parkia speciosa Hassk.

2023-11-30T14:19:04+07:00

This research aims to examine the antibacterial activity against acne-causing bacteria, Propionibacterium acnes DMST14916 as well as the anti-tyrosinase inhibition activity of crude ethanolic extracts of stink bean (Parkia speciosa Hassk) peel. The results showed that the crude ethanolic extract of stink bean peel demonstrated inhibitory effect against P. acnes DMST14916 with the inhibition zone of 8.66 ± 0.17 mm. The finding was consistent with the inhibitory activity obtained the positive control group, where clindamycin at a concentration of 0.2 mg/ml inhibited P. acnes DMST14916, with the clear zone of 30.04 ± 0.4 mm. The crude ethanolic extract of stink peel showed the greatest tyrosinase inhibition activity with percentage of inhibition of 89.983 ± 0.010, 88.916 ± 0.003, 87.858 ± 0.001, 86.323 ± 0.002 and 88.234 ± 0.003 at concentrations of 0.0010, 0.0100, 0.1000 and 1.0000 mg/ml respectively compared to positive control of kojic acid ((83.887 ± 0.001% at concentrations of 1.42 mg/ml)

Acute effects of Ganoderma lucidum on blood pressure in rats

2023-10-18T10:30:25+07:00

Linzhi (Ganoderma lucidum) has been used as a medicinal herb continuously for a long time in the treatment of many conditions such as balancing the body, restoring the nervous system, treating diabetes, cancer and hypertension. Previous studies found that the genetically hypertensive rats who received Lingzhi extract continuously for 4-7 weeks has been able to reduce high blood pressure. The aim of the present study was to study the acute effects of Linzhi extract on normotensive condition and the N^G-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) induced hypertension. The study was investigated in both normotensive and hypertensive conditions. Each study, the animals were separated into three groups as control group and Linzhi treated groups (175 and 350 mg/kg, respectively). In hypertensive condition, the animals were injected with L-NAME (10 mg/kg) intravenously to induce hypertension. The hemodynamic parameters such as systolic, diastolic, mean arterial pressures and pulse rate were recorded to compare between experimental groups. It was found that both concentrations of Linzhi extract did not change hemodynamic parameters of normotensive as well as hypertensive animals. Linzhi extract (175 and 350 mg/kg) could not decrease blood pressure in the hypertensive condition induced by L-NAME. Moreover, Linzhi extract did not alter hemodynamic parameters in normotensive animals.

Effect of microwave-assisted extraction of β-carotene from Borassus flabellifer Fruit in different solvents for cosmetic application

2023-10-18T15:16:59+07:00

This study focused on the preparation of β-carotene extracted from Borassus flabellifer fiber and peel using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and alternative solvents for cosmetic formulation. Propylene glycol was utilized as the solvent, a microwave with a power of 600 W, and three cycles of irradiation at a temperature of 75–80 °C were selected. One cycle consisted of 30 seconds of power-on and 30 seconds of power-off. Extracts of B. flabellifer were assessed for their antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. Using the DPPH scavenging assay and the Folin-Ciocalteu method, the amount of the extracts was determined. The antioxidant activities of peel extracts were found to be more competent than those of fiber extracts, with IC₅₀ values of 0.0039 ± 0.98 and 1.23 ± 0.85 mg/mL, respectively. The total phenolic content of B. flabellifer fiber and peel extracts was determined to be 50.26 ± 1.00 mg GAE/g and 6.67 ± 0.25 mg GAE/g, respectively. The production of B. flabellifer peel extracts is one of the most effective methods for enhancing the antioxidant activity of β-carotene, suggesting its potential to be utilized in cosmetics.

Evaluation of phytochemical compositions, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities in different solvent maceration techniques of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb., Curcuma longa L. and Zingiber officinale Roscoe

2023-12-07T16:22:17+07:00

Active ingredients from plants extraction have the ability to act as antioxidants. These free radicals will stimulate the oxidation process that affecting the functioning of cells in the body and leading to various diseases. This research aimed to determine total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity in different solvent maceration techniques of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. or Phlai (P), Curcuma longa L. or Turmeric (T) and Zingiber officinale Roscoe or Ginger (G) by different 4 techniques including 1) aqueous extract (D) 2) boiling at 60ºC for 10 minutes extract (B) 3) 95 percent of ethanol extract (A-95) and 4) 50 percent of ethanol extract (A-50). The phenolic compound contents and the antioxidant activity were investigated by using Folin-Ciocalteu method, Flavonoid Assay, DPPH, ABTS and Nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging assay. The results shown that GA-50 and TA-95 extract have the most total phenolic compound and flavonoid at 30.17±1.45 mg GAE/g extract and 100.54±0.56 mg QE/g extract, respectively. Moreover, the antioxidant activity by DPPH and ABTS assay shown that GA-50 extract has the best of the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) at 0.17±0.01 and 5.19±0.03 mg/ml, respectively. In addition, PA-50 extraction is highest of percentage of NO inhibition at 50.21±0.65. Then, the extracts of the 3 herbs with 50 percent of ethanol extract were tested for the phytochemicals by GC-MS as it showed the phenolic content and antioxidant activity better than other methods. It was found that GA-50, TA-50 and PA-50 have 15, 9 and 3 active ingredients, respectively. Conclusion, this research has demonstrated that Phlai, Turmeric and Ginger have high antioxidant capacity due to their identifiable properties of phytochemicals and active substances. The 50 percentage of ethanol fermentation extract technique show the higher level of total phenolic contents and the antioxidant activity than other methods.

The prevalence comparison of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) between non-elderly and elderly, study in rural areas of Ubon Ratchathani and Si Sa Ket Province

2023-10-25T15:47:40+07:00

There has never been a report comparing iron deficiency anemia between working age groups and elderly people living in the lower northeastern region of Thailand before. This research studied two sample groups: working people aged 18-59 years (146 people) and elderly people aged 60 years and over (147 people). The sample lived in rural areas in Ubon Ratchathani and Si Sa Ket provinces, where the prevalence of anemia was found to be high and caused by various causes. We use the 2022 World Health Organization (WHO) criteria to diagnose anemia using Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration. We use serum ferritin to indicate the amount of iron stored in the body and a C-reactive protein (CRP) test to indicate inflammation, both of which are used to diagnose iron deficiency. The results of the study found that the prevalence of anemia in the working age group compared to that in the elderly group was 39.7% and 58%, respectively, with the prevalence of anemia increasing with increasing age. The prevalence of iron deficiency in the working age group compared to the elderly group was 18.7% and 6%, respectively. Although iron deficiency anemia was found in working age people at 12.3%, more than in the elderly at 3.4%. However, anemia is found more in the elderly than in working people, which means that anemia in the elderly may be caused by other factors such as inflammation, chronic disease, malnutrition, abnormal iron absorption, etc. The median amount of iron stored in the body in the working age group was significantly lower than that in the elderly group (median 128.91 and 164.96 µg/L, respectively). This data indicates that serum ferritin, a type of acute phase protein, is released when the body is inflamed, especially in the elderly group. Therefore, diagnosing anemia among elderly people with chronic diseases is challenging. Future research to identify new markers to differentiate inflammation-related anemia from iron deficiency anemia is important.

Prevalence of sarcopenia and respiratory muscle strength in people: A survey preliminary study cross-sectional study

2023-12-25T21:51:22+07:00

Older people are at significantly increased risk of health problems including musculoskeletal and respiratory problems. Recently, sarcopenia, which is loss of muscle mass and physical performance, is associated with a reduction in activities in daily life and poor quality of life later. In addition, poor respiratory performance leads to high risk of pulmonary complications in older adults such as dyspnea, pneumonia. Hence, the study aimed to explore the prevalence of sarcopenia and respiratory muscle strength in older people.
A survey preliminary study cross-sectional study was designed with 100 older people aged 65 years and over. All participants were diagnosed with sarcopenia in groups according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia version 2019, consisting of handgrips strength, gait speed (6-meter walk test), and skeletal muscle mass (measured bioelectric impedance analysis). Maximum respiratory pressures were assessed. Descriptive analysis was used. To explore the difference in respiratory performance between sarcopenia and no sarcopenia, t-test and chi-square test was used; where appropriate. P-value was set at less than 0.05 and data was analyzed by SPSS program version 23.0. The results found that the prevalence of sarcopenia was 32 (76.84±7.33 years). Older adults were identified as having sarcopenia had advanced aged (76.84 ± 7.33 vs 71.15 ± 5.82 years, p<0.001), slow gait speed (0.82 ± 0.19 vs 1.05 ± 0.21 m/s, p<0.001), low skeletal muscle mass index (5.24 ± 0.90 vs 7.46 ± 2.16 kg/m², p<0.001) and poor respiratory performance (i.e., weakness of inspiratory muscle strength 41.09 ± 23.08 vs 59.77 ± 24.07 cmH2O; p> .001). In this study, the prevalence of sarcopenia in older people aged 65 year was 32%. In addition, older people with sarcopenia shown a reduction in inspiratory muscle strength compared to older people with no sarcopenia.