Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok Research Journal

Innovative IoT System for Oyster Mushroom Greenhouse with Wet Cloth Humidity Diffusion

Chaiyasit Kaewcharoon — 2025-12-30

This study aimed to develop an oyster mushroom cultivation greenhouse (2 × 2 × 2 m) and evaluate the performance of an Internet of Things (IoT) system. The system utilized AHT20 and SHT41 sensors integrated with an ESP32 microcontroller to control fans and water pumps via the Blynk Legacy platform. Furthermore, the study assessed the effectiveness of humidity distribution achieved through the wet cloth evaporation method. A total of 120 substrate bags were cultivated to test the system. The results confirmed that the IoT system functioned as designed. The average indoor temperature was 28.40 ± 1.72 °C, which was comparable to the outdoor temperature of 28.30 ± 2.21 °C. The mean indoor relative humidity was 92.41 ± 7.89 %RH, which was significantly higher than the outdoor reading of 85.42 ± 6.74 %RH. This outcome demonstrates that the wet cloth evaporation process effectively increased indoor air humidity. However, the indoor temperature was minimally higher than the outdoor temperature (0.10 °C), which is likely attributable to suboptimal fan placement. The total mushroom yield from two harvests was 11.25 kg (93.75 g bag^-1). The harvested mushrooms exhibited good quality, characterized by smooth and glossy caps, clean white stems, and appropriate moisture content. The IoT system demonstrated low power consumption of 27.04 W during normal operation and up to 184.66 W at full load, confirming its suitability for small-scale mushroom farms. The total monthly energy consumption was 63.56 kWh month^-1, corresponding to an electricity cost of 381.36 THB month^-1. Economic analysis indicated that cultivating 300 bags per cycle, with a substrate cost of 8 THB bag^-1 and a selling price of 70 THB kg^-1, would yield a maximum profit and achieve a payback period of 2.6 years.

Study of the Appropriate Amount of Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singers in Brownie Product

Sineenart Suktanarak — 2025-12-30

This study focuses on the development of a brownie product with added Sajor-caju mushroom. While Sajor-caju mushroom are generally consumed in savory applications. This study seeks to apply Sajor-caju mushroom in a bakery product to diversify the range of existing baked goods that incorporate Sajor-caju mushrooms as an ingredient. The objective was to study the optimal amount of Sajor-caju mushroom at 4 levels (0%, 20%, 40% and 60%). The result showed that the color (L*) of brownie product with Sajor-caju mushroom at 4 levels were not significant differences (p>0.05) while the hardness, moisture content and a_w of brownie product with Sajor-caju mushroom at 4 levels were significant differences (p≤0.05). The result showed that higher proportion of mushroom led to change in the hardness, moisture content and a_w of the brownie product. The hardness of the brownie tended to decrease as the moisture content and a_w became increased. Due to the Sajor-caju mushroom releasing moisture during and after the baking process. Brownie product has increased moisture content and a_w. Consequently, the texture of the brownie product was softened. The sensory analysis was conducted using 9-point hedonic scale test. The result showed that most of the panelists accepted the brownie product which added 40% of Sajor-caju mushroom. The overall experimental results of this research indicate that 40% Sajor-caju mushroom is the most suitable level for the brownie product.

Evaluation of Some Soil Properties Affecting Sugarcane Yield and CCS of Khon Kaen 3 (KK3) and LK 92-11 Varieties in Eastern Thailand

Sawai Buddiwong — 2025-12-30

The evaluation of the effect of some soil factors on Commercial Cane Sugar (CCS) and the yield of sugarcane varieties Khon Kaen 3 and LK92-11 was conducted by testing these varieties in 15 planting areas across three provinces: Chonburi, Sa Kaeo, and Chachoengsao. Soil properties in each area were analyzed, including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg). CCS and yield per rai of sugarcane were measured after 12 months of growth. The variance analysis of multiple linear regression between the soil analysis and CCS as well as sugarcane yield was also performed. The results showed that the factors influencing the CCS of Khon Kaen 3 and LK92-11 sugarcane varieties grown in Chonburi, Sa Kaeo, and Chachoengsao were electrical conductivity, phosphorus, and organic matter content in the soil with the coefficient of determination (R²) for the Khon Kaen 3 variety was 0.64, while for the LK92-11 variety, it was 0.76. Factors influencing the yield of Khon Kaen 3 included magnesium and phosphorus, with an R² = 0.51, while for LK92-11, the factors were electrical conductivity and phosphorus, with an R² = 0.62. The increased yield was found to be positively correlated with the CCS values. Increasing organic matter in the soil by alternating organic fertilizers with chemical fertilizers is recommended as a method for maintaining electrical conductivity levels, increasing organic matter in the soil, and improving the availability of phosphorus in the soil.

Development of Wide Rice Noodles Product from Red Jib Brown Rice in Nangrong District, Buriram Province

Prapaparn Sirikhansaeng — 2025-12-30

This study aimed to develop wide rice noodles incorporating red jib brown rice flour at levels of 5–50% (based on the weight of rice flour), in comparison with a control. The rehydration properties, sensory quality, antioxidant activity determined by the DPPH assay, and chemical composition of the noodles were investigated. The results showed that noodles formulated with 50% red jib brown rice flour exhibited the darkest color, whereas no significant differences in noodle thickness were observed among all formulations, with mean values ranging from 0.04±0.01 to 0.05±0.01 mm. The optimum rehydration time was 4 minutes. Sensory evaluation conducted by 30 panelists revealed that acceptance scores differed significantly among the formulations (p<0.05), with the 30% formulation receiving the highest overall acceptability score (4.50 ± 0.68). Antioxidant activity evaluated by the DPPH method was 2.32 mg GAE/100 g. Chemical composition analysis indicated no significant differences in ash content, whereas moisture, protein, fat, dietary fiber, and carbohydrate contents differed significantly at the 95% confidence level (p<0.05). In conclusion, the formulation containing 30% Red Jib brown rice flour was the most suitable for the development of wide rice noodles due to its high sensory acceptability and appropriate nutritional value.

Study of Design Criteria for Warorobes Furniture for Wheelchair Users

Sombaht Torwatanachai — 2025-12-30

This research, entitled A Study of Criteria for Designing Bedroom Furniture for Mobility-Impaired Wheelchair Users, aims to investigate usage behaviors, activities, and limitations in the use of bedroom furniture by mobility-impaired individuals who use wheelchairs. The findings are intended to be used to analyze usability problems and to propose appropriate guidelines for furniture design. This study employed a qualitative research approach, using purposive sampling to select wheelchair users divided into two groups: individuals with disabilities from the waist down and those with disabilities from the chest down. Each group consisted of 10 participants, for a total of 20 participants, recruited from the Sirindhorn National Medical Rehabilitation Center. Research instruments included a behavioral observation checklist, semi-structured in-depth interview guides, and measurement records of spatial dimensions and furniture accessibility. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and spatial measurements, and were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results indicate that bedroom furniture design for wheelchair users should consider appropriate dimensions and accessible circulation space, particularly for wardrobes, dressing tables, work desks, and beds. Participants with disabilities from the waist down required an access area of approximately 2.15 × 1.95 square meters, while those with disabilities from the chest down required approximately 2.00 × 1.90 square meters. In addition, doors and drawers should be designed as sliding systems to enhance ease of use and accessibility. It is recommended that the derived criteria be applied to furniture design and bedroom layout planning, and that adaptable furniture be developed to accommodate different levels of disability. Future research should expand the sample size and further develop research instruments to encompass ergonomic and safety dimensions, in order to produce more comprehensive and practically applicable design guidelines.

Effect of Conditioning Time on Papaya Petiole Fibers for Basketry

Jupamat Aiumjalern — 2025-12-24

This research aimed to determine the optimal conditioning process for papaya stems for weaving applications. It also investigated the physical and mechanical properties of papaya stem fibers used in shaping woven products. Three bleaching durations were tested: 1, 2, and 3 days. One kilogram of dry papaya stems was soaked in a bleach solution, with a water-to-bleach ratio of 1:2. A completely randomized design (CRD) was used to create three treatments. The results showed that soaking for 1 day produced whiter and stronger papaya stem fibers than shorter durations. The moisture content was 8.85±0.13%, and the tensile force was 18.39±0.57 N. These values indicated suitability for further conditioning with glycerin. The study investigated the effect of glycerin soaking duration at three levels: 3, 5, and 7 days. Two hundred grams of bleached papaya stems were immersed in a solution of glycerin and water at a ratio of 1:3. A completely randomized design (CRD) was used to create three treatments. The results showed that soaking in the glycerin solution for 3 days resulted in characteristics suitable for shaping into woven products. It had a moisture content of 14.17±0.24% and a tensile force of 28.30±0.70 N. The resulting papaya stems could be used to make woven products such as fans, placemats, home decorations, and fashion bags.

Extension of Quality Longan Production for Farmers in Yanree Sub-district, Samngao District, Tak Province

Supawadee Khiewwan — 2025-12-30

The objectives of this research were to study 1) basic social and economic conditions, 2) conditions of quality longan production, 3) extension of quality longan production, and 4) problems and suggestions regarding the extension of longan production quality of farmers. This research was survey research. The study population was longan farmers in Yanree Subdistrict, Sam Ngao District, Tak Province, who were registered with the Sam Ngao District Agricultural Office, Tak Province, year 2023, total 277people. Sample size using Taro Yamane's formula with error of 0.05. The sample size for the research was 164 people using an interview form. The statistics used were percentages, maximum values, minimum values, averages, and standard deviations. The results of the research found that 1) farmers were female, with an average age of 56.46 years, completed primary school. The average of 18.39 years of farming experience, received training in producing quality longans was 1.59 times, with the number of workers hired at 1.77 people, the average longan growing area of 13.11 rai, the production cost of 11,656.16 baht, the average output of 1.86 tons per rai, selling price average yield 21.80 baht per kilogram, the average income 436,725.61 baht per year of production. 2) farmers use water from groundwater sources, were the characteristics of the soil, grow longan being loamy. There was a planting distance of 8x8 meters, planting longans of the Edo variety. Use chemical fertilizers to improve the soil. There was pruning products, sold through middlemen. 3) farmers receive of extension at a medium level by extension individual visits to farmers. 4) farmers were problems with group extension on the issue of extension content of the use of agricultural hazardous substances and documents, recording data and tracking exams, farmers were suggestions that they should extension knowledge about quality management in the production process before harvesting, also should held regarding longan production according to good agricultural practices to exchange information.

Application of Simulation Program to Increase Efficiency Production Line Core

Chirawat Na Badalung — 2025-12-30

This article presents the development of a simulation model for the core production process to analyze system performance and improve production efficiency. The existing system suffers from bottlenecks, process imbalance and excessive waiting time, while lacking a systematic approach to quantitatively evaluate multiple improvement alternatives prior to actual investment decisions. The study designed a better system than the current one, which was then applied in the form of a simulation model, creating a simulation model using the Flexsim simulation program to help develop and improve the design of new work processes. The find the most appropriate way of working that can increase daily production efficiency. This research studied the production of traditional patties after finding that the production of patties was not according to the production plan and forming the pieces took 2 longer times the machine press makes employees wait. When using the results from the simulation with the Flexsim program Comparing with the current production, it is found that adding 1 Separator and 2 Combiners is the most appropriate choice. This results in increasing production efficiency by 54.8% or being able to produce 1,228 pieces per day and also reducing the number of pieces waiting before entering the next process.

Product Design for Food Containers from Coconut Shell Scraps

yingyong rungfar — 2025-12-30

Coconut shells are natural materials characterized by strength, light weight, and easy local availability; therefore, they have long been utilized for household utensils and handicrafts. However, a survey conducted in the Takian Tia Municipality Community, Bang Lamung District, Chonburi Province revealed a large quantity of discarded coconut shells, which has caused environmental problems, such as serving as water-holding containers that facilitate mosquito breeding and being disposed of by open burning, leading to air pollution. Accordingly, this research aimed to add value to coconut shell waste through the design of food container products. The study focused on examining and analyzing the physical characteristics of coconut shells as a basis for product design and on evaluating user satisfaction with the product’s form. The sample group consisted of tourists visiting the Takian Tia Municipality Community. Research instruments included interview questionnaires and a product form satisfaction assessment, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results indicated that the designed coconut shell food container featured a multi-tiered structure, comprising a base and supporting framework made of hardwood and three layers of coconut shell food compartments, connected by a structure that provides stability, strength, and ease of use. In addition, the product was decorated with natural materials reflecting local identity. The evaluation results showed that satisfaction with the product’s form was at a very high level, demonstrating that the developed product is appropriate in terms of functionality, aesthetics, and the promotion of efficient and sustainable resource utilization at the community level.

Assessing Microbiological Quality and Hygiene Practices in the Supply Chain of Edible Tube Ice Production in Uthai Thani Province

Thus Thongjumroon — 2025-12-30

This research aims to assess the microbiological, chemical, and physical qualities of raw water, filtered water, and tube ice used in the production process at a medium-sized ice factory in Uthai Thani Province. It also monitors the microbiological quality of the ice throughout the supply chain, including production, transportation, and food service establishments. Additionally, it assesses the hygiene practices of workers involved in bag washing, production, and ice transportation, as well as the food sanitation at food premises. The results indicated that the ice production site complied with GMP 420 standards, achieving high scores across all categories, with a total of 111 out of 114 points (97.37%), and passing all three specific requirement items. Raw water and filtered water had pH, dissolved solids and hardness values that complied with the specified standard criteria. Microbiological tests on the ice at the production site, both before and after packaging, as well as on the delivery vehicle and at food premises prior to transfer into containers, found no detectable coliform bacteria. The evaluation of worker hygiene and overall cleanliness in the production of tube ice also complied with the specified standards. However, issues remained at some food premises, where ice storage containers and handling tools often failed to meet sanitary requirements. This study recommends providing food handlers throughout the tube ice production supply chain with additional training in food hygiene knowledge and practices to ensure consumer safety.

Comparison of Construction Systems and Materials Affecting Temperature and Virtual Feeling Inside the Building: Case Study of Nordic Style Prototype House, Bang Phra Subdistrict, Chonburi Province

Sasitorn Srifuengfung — 2025-12-30

This research aims to compare the construction systems and materials affecting indoor temperature and feeling inside the building. The case study is a Nordic-style prototype house in Bang Phra Subdistrict, Chonburi Province, designed to enhance energy efficiency and quality of life. This research selected to use the floor - wall - roof system by studying three scenarios: (1) Lightweight brick structure 2. Steel structure covered with lightweight cement fiber walls and (3) Prefabricated insulation panel system. The popular construction systems in Thailand, such as lightweight brick structures and steel structures covered with lightweight cement fiber walls, result in high internal temperatures and high energy consumption, causing discomfortable feelings when stay inside of the building, which is unsuitable for Thailand’s climate.This research found that the Case Study 3, which is the prefabricated insulation panel system, has the best heat insulation value. The temperature and the feeling of being in the best comfortable condition are with the heat value: Case Study 1 measured temperature of 30.64 °C, the feeling of being 32.89 °C; Case Study 2 measured temperature of 31.06 °C, the feeling of being 33.47 °C; and Case Study 3 measured temperature of 26.00 °C, the feeling of being 26.40 °C, respectively. The construction of the prototype building in this research has developed knowledge, using a system of floor panels, walls, roofs, and prefabricated insulation, reducing construction steps, reducing time, and labor from the original construction. It is a system that allows the building to save energy to the maximum, can be completed within 5 days. It demonstrates excellent heat and moisture resistance, as evidenced by real-world experimental results. Data was collected on heat levels, ambient temperature, radiant temperature, and perceived temperature (Physiological Equivalent Temperature). The conclusion is that when Nordic-style houses are integrated with energy-saving designs and appropriate technologies, they can effectively adapt to Thailand's hot and humid climate.

Integrating Remote Sensing and Machine Learning for Crime-Risk Assessment: A Case Study of Bangkok Metro and Tourism Areas

Kriangkrai Manochai — 2025-12-30

This study aims to classify crime-risk areas in Bangkok to enhance safety in the tourism sector, specifically along metro lines. By integrating urban environmental data with satellite imagery including Sentinel-2 for vegetation (NDVI) and SNPP/VIIRS for nighttime lights, the research evaluates three machine learning models: Extra Trees (ET), Random Forest (RF), and LightGBM, utilizing 14 spatial parameters. The results demonstrate that the Extra Trees model achieved the highest performance with a test accuracy of 97.53%. Feature importance analysis revealed that business and industrial density (P8) is the most significant predictor of crime risk. Spatial analysis of 150 metro stations identified that 34 stations (22.67%) are in high-risk zones, particularly within key tourist districts such as Pathum Wan and Watthana. These findings confirm the effectiveness of combining geospatial technology with machine learning for urban safety assessment, providing policymakers with a data-driven tool to prioritize crime prevention strategies in high-density tourism corridors.

Estimate Particulate Matter PM2.5 Concentration Impact of Wildfires Using Machine Learning in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand

Thiwakorn Sena — 2025-12-30

Wildfires globally impact ecosystems, with open burning and forest fires being primary causes of air pollution. Thailand's PM2.5 levels rise annually from December to April, particularly in the central and northern regions like Chiang Mai, affecting health and the economy. However, air quality monitoring is often limited, and insufficient monitoring stations make current measurements less reliable and incongruent with the actual environmental conditions. This research directly towards assesses PM2.5 from wildfires using integrated Remote Sensing data. The Random Forest model outperformed XGBoost and CNN, with R² values of 0.74–0.91, RMSE 10.40–30.53 µg/m³, and MAPE 18.56–36.48%. On average across all stations, RF achieved R² of 0.89, RMSE 11.61 µg/m³, and MAPE 34.22%. Estimates of feature importance impacting features included AOD-MAIAC (40%), TOTEXTTAU (22%), DUSMASS25 (12%), and CO (11%), confirming wildfires and emissions drive pollution. In addition, RF spatial dynamics maps show concentration peaks in the north and south from January to April, aligned with wildfire activity, and fire heat maps confirmed PM2.5 spikes during intense wildfire periods, impacting air quality. However, due to the limited number of monitoring stations and their uneven distribution across the area, the accuracy of the data varies, leading to discrepancies at certain stations, highlighting the need for further research to improve the understanding of PM2.5 pollution. Future studies should refine RF training and incorporate additional factors to enhance model robustness for more accurate estimations.

Mapping The Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Drought in Northeast Thailand

Phongphat Japhichom — 2025-12-30

Drought, a globally significant natural disaster, imposes considerable economic and environmental impacts, severely impacting agriculture and socio-economic annually. This study aims to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of drought in Northeast Thailand by integrating remote sensing (RS) and ground observations with machine learning models. Machine learning (ML) algorithms were employed to combine these data. The study utilized five RS parameters: Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Temperature Condition Index (TCI), topography, and precipitation, along with ground-based data such as the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). Various ML techniques, including XGBoost, Random Forest, and Extra Trees, were applied to assess the relationships among the variables. The results indicate that the Extra Trees model outperforms others in predicting drought indices. For short-term predictions, the model achieved an R² ranging from 65.26% to 94.28%, an RMSE between 1.58% and 33.28%, and an MAE ranging from 0.09% to 18.55%. For long-term predictions, the R² ranged from 78.73% to 94.8%, the RMSE from 4.55% to 31.93%, and the MAE from 0.45% to 18.14%. Key variables contributing to the model’s accuracy include precipitation (27%–67%), topography (19%–37%), and land surface temperature (6%–21%). The study examined both short-term and long-term drought conditions using the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). The short-term analysis revealed significant drought events in June 2015 and April 2016, as well as recurrent droughts from late 2018 through 2019, and the early months of 2020 and 2021. In the long-term analysis, sustained negative SPEI values from mid-2015 to 2016 signaled the onset of drought, while a prolonged negative trend from mid-2018 to 2020 marked an extended drought period lasting several months, emphasizing the severity and duration of the event. In conclusion, the study provides a framework for strategic planning in drought management by integrating RS and ground observation data.