Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok Research Journal

Prediction of California Bearing Ratio by Multi-Expression Programming

Narongdej Intaratchaiyakit — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

California Bearing Ratio (CBR) is a crucial experiment for civil work, such as dams and pavement. CBR is always experimental in the lab, using time-consuming, expensive, and challenging processes that have an effect on how quickly building projects move forward. Hence, the model development used six multi-expression programming (MEP) models that had diverse input variables. Model I was the most proper MEP model because Model 1's coefficients of determination were relatively high in the training and testing sets. When the MEP model is compared to the multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) models, the MEP model is found to be the most suitable model, and the MEP model can be employed because of its high level of reliability. The mathematical equation from the MEP model is applied to predict the CBR values for preliminary design in geotechnical work to reduce cost and time.

Prediction Equation for Estimating COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions among Older Adults: A Case Study of Chanthaburi Province

Kessuda Khowsroy, Virat Khowsoi — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

The study aims to determine the logistic regression equation to predict among older adults

whether to receive the COVID-19 vaccination or not. The study population comprised 272 respondents who were above 60 years of age and resided in Chanthaburi Province. Using multi-stage cluster sampling, the data were gathered via paper and online platforms. Structured questionnaire based on the components of theory of planned behavior to assess the attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccine, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and COVID-19 vaccination intention. The results of content validity index (CVI) showed between 0.87-1.00, the reliability value of the alpha coefficient of Cronbach is between 0.80-0.84. Then Binary logistic regression was employed to analyze the data by using Enter method.There are 6 significant variables associated with the COVID-19 vaccine decision making for older adults as follows: 1) The belief that an elderly person needs a vaccination. 2) The belief that if people obtain the vaccine, their lives would return to normal. 3) Influence of family members 4) Medical professionals’s recommendation. 5) The belief in the effectiveness of vaccines. 6) The belief lowering the chance of getting severe COVID-19. The model could predict overall correctly at 84.6% with Cox & Snell R² = 0.502 and Nagelkerke R² = 0.736. It could account for the COVID-19 vaccine intention's variation, which is 50.2% and 73.6%, respectively.

Design of Temperature and Relative Humidity Test Kit for Grey Oyster Mushrooms Cultivation

Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to investigate the growth patterns of oyster mushrooms, analyzing the design and implementation of controlled temperature and humidity conditions for mushroom cultivation. The study also evaluates the economic viability of the proposed controlled environment. The study identified temperature and humidity as two key factors that affect the growth of oyster mushrooms. The controlled environment utilized a system consisting of two main components: a Digital Temperature Controller and a DHT11 sensor. The testing and evaluation apparatus had dimensions of 95 cm width, 95 cm length, and 120 cm height, accommodating 130 mushroom spawn. The experimental results indicated that during the first 5 days, the minimum temperature recorded was 27.6 °C, with a corresponding minimum humidity of 85.7% and a water consumption of 25 liters/day. In contrast, from days 6 to 15, the maximum temperature reached 28.4°C, with a peak humidity of 89.3% and a water consumption of 32 liters/day. It achieved temperature control by misting, resulting in an average internal temperature of 28.07°C, average humidity of 87.65%, and an average water consumption of 28.4 liters/day. A comparative analysis of mushroom yields revealed a weight of 5,067 grams for the non-controlled environment and 10,387 grams for the controlled environment, indicating a 48.78% increase in production. The economic assessment demonstrated a break-even point of 123 kilograms/year and a pay-back period of 2 years and 3 months.

Development and Testing of Orchid Planting Materials using Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches

Ohm Srinawakron, Piyapong Sriwongras, Kiatkamjon Intani , Supakit Sayasoonthorn — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Thailand is the world's leading exporter of cut flowers, particularly tropical orchids. Planting materials play a crucial role in orchids production in Thailand. This study aims to study, develop, and test planting materials for orchids planting using waste materials from the oil palm industry. The planting materials were combined and tested with 3 different proportions of oil palm empty fruit bunches and cement (ratios: 2.5:10.5, 2.5:10, 2.5:9.5) and two sizes of oil palm crunch of 0.2 and 2.0 centimeter. Chemical and physical properties, including pH, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium content, slake, water absorption, density, and strength from free fall drop testing were tested. The test conditions were repeated three times each. The tested results found that the combination of oil palm empty fruit bunches and cement with a ratio of 2.5:10 with of 2 centimeter of crunch size is suitable and can be a guideline further developed as a low-cost planting material for orchids.

Feasibility Study on The Use of Reduced Graphene Oxide-Iron Oxide Composite for Removal of Hexavalent Chromium in Wastewater

Dusadee Khamboonrueang, Peraphat Kamkird, Naraintorn Boonsong — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

This research has studied the ability of the reducing graphene oxide-iron oxide composite (Fe₂O₃-x%RGO) to get rid of hexavalent chromium in wastewater by preparing a composite sample between reducing graphene oxide-iron oxide by the solvothermal method Then take the sample substance that has been analyzed for morphology with SEM. The structure can be analyzed with XRD. The optical properties and the photocatalytic efficiency studied with UV-vis machines. Examining the magnetic properties using VSM. The SEM analysis results show that iron oxide particles spread on the surface of graphene oxide and insert between layers of graphene oxide. In the section XRD found that the reducing graphene oxide-iron oxide composite substances show the structure of the hematite iron oxide (Fe₂O₃) and the effect of VSM showing the ferro-magnetic properties. The effect of UV-vis can bring the absorbance of the sample substance can be analyzed that the reducing graphene oxide-iron oxide composite substances has an energy gap between 2.50 – 2.80 electron volts. In addition, the analysis of the photocatalytic efficiency of the reducing graphene oxide-iron oxide composite substances in the removal of hexavalent chromium in wastewater found that the composite substance Fe₂O₃-20%RGO is best able to get rid of hexavalent chromium solution. And the decrease in hexavalent chromium concentration (Cr (VI)) makes it known the efficiency of the photocatalytic of the sample.

Design and construction of 3-blade young coconut peeling machine

Atisak Sawaiamon, Wittarit Khotmanee, Supavit Muangjaroen — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

This research article presents the design, build, and find the performance of 3-blade young coconut peeling machine. The 3-blade young coconut peeling machine has the main components: 1) 0.5 horsepower motor used for power principal 2) chains Used as a power carrier and 3) a total of 3 blade sets, each of which can be disassembled and maintained. For performance testing of 3-blade young coconut peeling machine, there is a test method, 1 soft coconut per Peel 1 time, then analyze the results. Found that 1) The 3-blade young coconut peeling machine that is created takes time to peel the young coconut. Average is 47.78 seconds/Times compared to a young coconut peeler. DIY young coconut peeling machine takes an average stripping time of 110.79 seconds/time. Can save up to 63.01 seconds of young coconut stripping, representing 56 % 2) 3-blade young coconut peeling machine built use the budget at 5,182 baht compared to the DIY young coconut peeling machine sold on the market for 18,000 baht, which can reduce the cost of young coconut peeling machine up to 12,818 baht, representing 71 % and 3) a 3-blade young coconut peeling machine that is created can cut the end of the young coconut to the end once inside which is different from the DIY young coconut peeling machine mild coconut peeler that cannot cut the end of the young coconut Also, a 3-blade young coconut peeling machine Built using a 0.5 horsepower motor, which is smaller in size than a young coconut stripper. DIY young coconut peeling machine makes agriculture convenient, able to move in various places

Product Development of Bitter Orange (Citrus aurantium L.) Gel Bead

Sineenart Suktanarak, Benjang Aschariyaphotha, Wattana Aschariyaphotha — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

The research aimed was study the production of bitter orange (Citrus aurantium L.) gel bead. The ration of bitter orange juice at 3 levels (15%, 30% and 45% by weight of water) was to study in the first step. The results showed that diffferent ratios of bitter orange juice affects the total soluble solid (^oBrix), pH and tritrable acidity. The pasteurized bitter orange juice with high acidity (bitter orange juice at 45% by weight of water) will be affect spherical setting of bitter orange bubble. Bitter orange bubble can not good into a spherical shape. The most panelists accepted the bitter orange bubble with 30% bitter orange juice. After that, bitter orange bubble was analyzed to determine texture (hardness) and color. The result showed that the acid level affected hardness. Hardness will be decrease when higher acidity. The acid level did not affectes color. After that, the concentration of calcium lactase at 3 levels (0.5%, 1% and 1.5%) was to stuied for comparsion. The results showed that most panelists accepted the bitter orange bubble with 0.5% of calcium lactase. Different concentrations of calcium lactase affected the hardness. Hardness will be increase whem higher concentration of calcium lactase and concentration of calcium lactase did not affect the color of bitter orange bubble.

Development of properties and comparison of efficiency for pavement blocks from cement soil.

Danuphon Markphong — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

This research studied the properties of laterite soil which is a type of sandy soil, they are red or reddish brown and are common in every region of the country. Which will bring laterite soil in general areas in Pathum Thani Province and when mixed with cement and water to be homogeneous according to the specified ratio and use industry standards as a reference to develop the physical and mechanical properties of walkway blocks which are made from mixing the cement soil to be similar to the current cement walkway blocks. This research therefore focuses on the preparation of walkway blocks from cement soil according to the industrial standard TIS 827-2531 and conducted a study to compare with different mixing ratios in formulas of 1:7, 1:8 and 1:9. The main variable is laterite land, the type of soil that has been sifted and the type of soil that has not been sifted. The ratio of water will be 50 percent from the amount of laterite soil. In order to develop the properties of cement walkway blocks to be efficient in order to create options for selecting appropriate uses. in order to test the physical and mechanical properties. The size of the specimen in the test was 5x5x5 centimeters to compare with the industry standard for interlocking concrete blocks for general flooring (TIS. 827-2531), From testing the compressive strength of walkway blocks made from sifted cement soil at mix ratios of 1:7:3, 1:7:3.5, 1:7:4, 1:8:3.5, 1:8:4, 1:8:4.5, 1:9:4, 1:9:4.5, 1: 9:5, all ratios of sifted soil had a compressive strength lower than the standard TIS 827-2531 of interlocking concrete blocks for flooring that is specified to be not less than 40 kilograms per square centimeter. As for the type of soil that does not crumble, it has a compressive strength value lower than the TIS 827-2531 standard at mixing ratios of 1:9:4.5, 1:9:5. Therefore, the mixing ratio that has a compressive strength value through The TIS 827-2531 standard is based on the type of non-suspended soil, the mix ratio is 1:7:3, 1:7:3.5, 1:7:4, 1:8:3.5, 1:8:4, 1: 8:4.5 and 1:9:4 and test the water absorption of the walkway blocks from cement soil at the mixture ratios of non-suspended soil types 1:7:3, 1:7:3.5, 1:7:4, 1:8 :3.5, 1:8:4, 1:8:4.5, 1:9:4, 1:9:4.5 and 1:9:5 all ratios have values not exceeding the TIS 827-2531 standard criteria that have values between 10-25%. Therefore, the water absorption value of walkway blocks from cement soil can pass the TIS 827-2531 standard criteria. Therefore, a good ratio for actual molding is 1:7:3, 1:7:4, 1:7:3.5, 1:8:3.5, 1:8:4.5, 1:8:4 and 1:9:4 respectively, from soil that has not been

A Prototype of a Dog Skull Made from Plastic

Bunnaruk Kaewcharoon, Chaiyasit Kaewcharoon — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

This research is to develop anatomy teaching media. By using real animal organs to create 3D simulation images using ready-made image processing programs. To order a 3D printer (3D Printer) to create plastic animal organs with realistic shapes. In this research, 4 real samples were used and 8 pieces were created, including a dog skull, lower jaw, right-halved dog skull, left-halved dog skull. The research process has 4 steps, starting with taking photos and collecting data on the prototype pieces. Using a camera that adjusts to 2 height levels, take photos rotating around the workpiece every 10 degrees. Press to record approximately 36 images. Step 2 Take 1 image of all workpieces in 1 folder and analyze the images in the Meshroom Version 2021.1 program. .0 In order for the program to create a 3D model, then in step 3 use the Meshmixer program to adjust the 3D model, improving the size and adjusting the shape to be as close to the real thing as possible. The results of the size analysis are equivalent to the real thing. The final step is to convert the .OBJ file extension to an STL file extension and a GCODE file extension using the Creality Slicer V.4.8 program and then print it using an Ender 3 v2 3D printer with flesh-colored and white PLA plastic. Research results: Creation of each dog skull piece. By using the Meshroom 2021 program, the Meshmixer program, the Creality Slicer V.4.8 program, and the Ender 3 v2 3D printer, 4 solid-color and 4 white PLA plastic pieces were obtained. The printing time and total weight were as follows. Dog skull took 23 hours 51 minutes to print, total weight 233 grams. Lower jaw, took 7 hours 43 minutes to print, total weight 55 grams. Dog skull cut in right half. It took 17 hours and 59 minutes to print, total weight 123 grams, and the left half of a dog's skull was cut. It takes 17 hours and 3 minutes to print. Total weight is 120 grams. The printing time for each model is the average time per 1 piece. Summary of the research results: It was found that the 3D model files created from the 8 3D printers were realistic in terms of structure and appearance. But there are details of the workpiece that cannot be made, such as skull cracks, structures within the nasal cavity, elements within the skull fossa, and various holes on the surface of the skull. This is due to the limitations of using ready-made programs in the 3D modeling process. In terms of quantitative research results, all 4 pieces will be used as quality anatomy teaching materials. It is strong, durable, lightweight, convenient to move and store.

Enhancing Competitiveness and Sustainable Growth Strategies of Chiang Rai's Public Bus

Harutairat Jantakard, Chomphunut Phuangsubsin, Kanjanawan Vinitpittayakul — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

The objective of this research was to encourage public transit bus in the context of the improvement and development guidelines in Chiang Rai public transit bus. It was conducted by studying key factors that affect development and passenger satisfaction to suggest ways to improve the public transportation system of Chiang Rai Province. Factors affecting passenger decision making consisted of 8 factors: service, personnel, vehicle, security, bus terminal, fare, reliability, and special service. Such factors were analyzed to prioritize by three experts using the Pairwise comparison method. It was concluded that service, vehicle, and security were three main factors for improving and developing of the public transit bus, because these factors have high eigenvalue but low passenger satisfaction. Setting improvement policies were conducted by analyzing the environment and potential (SWOT Analysis) leading to analyze strategy (TOWS Matrix) to achieve sustainable development and maximum benefit.

Design of a multi-purpose table set used to promote the quality of life of the visually impaired.

Suwinai Inthasak, Yingyong Rungfar, Pisit Kuananan — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

At present, in Thai Society disabled vision person still do not receive comfort for living and have difficult to take a daily life style. From a study of the Center for Competency Development for the Blind Foundation for the Blind Authority of Thailand found that The disabled vision person, who lives in a small room with only a bed mattress and a table. Especially, table is very important for various activities in daily life, such as use for dine, to practice Braille letters reading and to store equipment for living. The table is used in current still has not specific design for the disabled vision person. Cause to inconvenience to run such activities and also affect to danger when use the tables that have not specific design. From the mentioned problem, the researcher has idea to design a multi-purpose table used to promote quality of life for the disabled vision person. The objective purpose to design a multi-purpose table for promote the quality of life for the disabled vision person. By bring to Standard Test Industrial to test a vertical static force. And also evaluated satisfaction of application. The Methods of study: study from documents and research related to problem in design requirement from the disabled vision person. Theory concept which related to promote quality of life for the disabled vision person. The concept to design throughout observe the behavior of tables using in the daily activities of disabled vision person. And interviews to know what needs of table design from disabled vision person. The sample groups used in this research are: both male and female of Completely blind person, specific selection of 30 persons who stay at the Center for the Development of the Blind. Foundation for the Blind Authority of Thailand, Pak Kred District, Nonthaburi Province. The results of research have point as; The result of design a multi-purpose table to promote the quality of life for the disabled vision person is designed to be able disassemble and fold it. Choose the materials to produce structure and use the strong materials to assemble. Model of the multi-purpose table for the disabled vision person consists of, A shape of chair coherent with a the table. There is a sensor system to detect and prevent a walk crashing. There are drawers and shelves with install bar for protect the overflow items on the table top. There is a power plug with a power cut-off switch to prevent a danger from electrical defect. There is instruction in Braille letters. As well as, close the touch surfaces at various points on table for the disabled vision person can use it easily and comfort. The test of strength and durable of the multi-purpose table, was tested method by used static force applied vertically, at the pressure of 1200 newtons, 3 points, 10 times per point. It found that the stability and durability test passed the TIS 1494-2541 standard and the evaluation of Satisfaction in using is at Very satisfied.

Assessment of the Positional Accuracy of Digital Elevation Model Derived from Low-Cost UAV

Phurith Meeprom, Narong Pleerux, Sawarin Lerk-u-suke, Wirote Laongmanees — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

The objective of this research was to evaluate the positional accuracy of a digital elevation model derived from low-cost Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in the Recreation Park of Burapha University, Mueang district, Chonburi province using 6 ground control points and 24 checkpoints obtained through Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) surveys. The results indicated that the Root Mean Square. Error (RMSE) value at the confidence level of 95%, without using GCPs had a horizontal positional accuracy of 0.073-0.246 meters and a vertical positional accuracy of 0.270-0.429 meters. These values meet the standards set by the National Standard for Spatial Data Accuracy (NSSDA) and the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS). Based on these results, the researchers recommend creating a photographic map at a scale of 1:4,000. Additionally, contour range data should be generated with a minimum interval of 100 centimeters. When GCPs were utilized in the process, the RMSE value at the confidence level of 95%, demonstrated the horizontal positional accuracy ranged from 0.054-0.093 meters, while the vertical positional accuracy ranged from 0.114-0.333 meters. These values also complied with NSSDA and ASPRS requirements, allowing for the creation of a 1:1,000 scale photographic map. Additionally, contour range data can be generated with a minimum interval of at least 50 cm. According to this study, digital elevation models from low-cost UAVs can be used both without and with GCPs for applications that do not require very detailed and precise verticality values, such as building elevation surveys, tree height, or the height of large billboards, etc., because the difference in elevation values between features within the study area is still within acceptable criteria.