RMUTSB ACADEMIC JOURNAL

Effect of nutrient management combined with chitosan spraying on yield and nutritional value of sunflower sprouts

Chonlada Songnirundron — 2025-09-11

Hydroponic sunflower sprouts production using nutrient management resulted in an increased yield and nutritional value. This research was conducted to study the optimal concentration of Hoagland nutrient solution combined with chitosan spraying on germination, yield, and nutritional value of sunflower sprouts. The experiment was designed using a split-plot in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The main plot was the concentration of Hoagland nutrient solution at three levels, namely 0, 0.5x, and 1x. The sub-plot was chitosan at four levels, namely 0, 20, 40 and 80 ppm. The results showed that different concentrations of Hoagland nutrient solution did not affect the germination, speed of germination, leaf width, fresh weight and carotenoid content. However, these solutions caused significant differences in shoot length, leaf length, phenolic compound content and antioxidant activity. Hoagland solution 1x caused higher shoot length and antioxidant activity than other concentrations. Meanwhile, spraying with different concentrations of chitosan did not cause significant differences in germination, speed of germination, shoot length, leaf length and width, and antioxidant activity. However, chitosan caused significant differences in fresh weight, phenolic compound and carotenoid contents. Spraying with 80 ppm chitosan caused higher fresh weight and phenolic compound content than other concentrations. Therefore, growing sunflower seedlings in Hoagland 1x solution and spraying with 80 ppm chitosan would increase speed of germination, yield, phenolic compound content, and antioxidant activity.

Reduction of pork content in emulsion sausage by substituting with Pangasius hypophthalmus

Vee Vongsantivanich — 2025-09-16

This research aimed to develope an emulsion sausage with reduce pork content by replacing Pangasius hypophthalmus. The experimental design involved varying formulations at different levels (0, 10, 20 and 30%) with pork substituting with P. hypophthalmus. This study examined the effects of P. hypophthalmus substitution on sensory, physicochemical, texture, and nutritional values of emulsion sausages to determine as a high-quality alternative for healthier meat products. Sensory evaluations determined consumer acceptance, indicating that the 30% substitution formula achieved the highest overall acceptance. Consumer perception was influenced by mechanical properties of sausages such as hardness, cohesiveness, and chewiness, which were assessed through texture profile analysis. The nutritional analysis demonstrated the effect of modified formulation for health improving. These studies contributed to the developed meat products providing improved nutritional and environmental benefits with a desirable taste.

Influence of plastically anisotropic on formability in sheet metal using hole expansion test

Taratip Chaimongkon — 2025-10-01

This research aimed to study the effect of anisotropic behavior of materials on the hole expansion ratio (HER) in cold rolled carbon steel sheets, grade SPCC, stainless steel, grade SUS304, and aluminum, grade AA1100 with thickness of 1.20mm. The hole expansion test is considered according to the ISO-16630 standard with both dimension cylindrical flat punch and conical punch at 60 degrees with a 50mm and diameter die of 52.70mm. Square sheets 150×150mm were pierced within 10mm at the center hole. After the test workpiece was formed until it cracked, the changed hole size of the test piece was measured to be the hole expansion ratio obtained from the experiment compared with the hole expansion ratio based on Hill’s 48 anisotropic yield criterion. The major and minor strains in the direction of the test piece were measured as diagonal and transverse rolling along the rolling direction, respectively, in order to determine the anisotropic hole expansion ratio and the anisotropic behavior of the material on the forming limit diagrams. As a result, hole expansion tests were conducted using a flat punch and a conical punch at 60 degrees and coupled anisotropic three-direction (i.e., 0^o, 45^o and 90^o) relative to the rolling direction. The hole expansion ratios of SPCC material were 112.72, 100.56, 115.96, 150.24, 141.16 and 152.92%, respectively. The hole expansion ratios of SUS304 material were 30.04, 44.48, 32.36, 38.76, 51.48 and 39.12%, respectively. The hole expansion ratios of AA1100 material were 15.68, 20.78, 20.22, 20.65, 22.48 and 23.65%, respectively.

Optimizing the fermentation process of vinegar from fine rice bran

Jutatip Ponraksa — 2025-10-02

This research aimed to determine the optimal conditions for producing vinegar from fine rice bran through a two-step fermentation process, comprising alcoholic fermentation followed by acetic acid fermentation. Compositional analysis revealed that the fine rice bran contained high levels of protein (17.17g/100g fine rice bran) and carbohydrates (53.01g/100g fine rice bran), making it as an excellent nitrogen and carbon sources for microbial biotransformation. The initial alcoholic fermentation yielded a maximum alcohol concentration of 9.90±0.36% (v/v) by using Look-Pang Sato as an inoculation. Subsequently, this alcohol was used as a substrate for acetic acid fermentation with Acetobacter aceti TISTR1053, which achieved a maximum acetic acid concentration of 3.60±0.06% (w/v) after 9 days under aerated conditions. The findings indicated that fine rice bran is a viable substrate for producing a fermented vinegar with quality comparable to that of commercial rice vinegars. This process effectively adds value to a by-product of the rice milling industry, creating a beneficial and healthful product.

Economic evaluation of university welfare transportation in Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus

Panitan Klanekesorn — 2025-10-02

This research aimed to analyze costs and the replacement of welfare transportation assets in Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus. The assets consisted of shuttle bus no. 1-5, biodiesel vehicles no. 1-7, and biodiesel vehicles modified from vans with registrations 3Y-3606 and 8M-9575. In the cost analysis, activity-based cost analysis was used by determining the activities that occur in providing services, including 1) service 2) maintenance 3) activities, and 4) car condition checking. The replacement of assets were analyzed by replacing old vehicles with new vehicles using two options: 1) order a custom-built car from the factory, and 2) assemble the car. The results of the study were found that the cost of service of shuttle bus no. 1 had the highest cost of 47.04baht/km, while the lowest cost was for the biodiesel vehicles with registration numbers 3Y-3603 and 8M-9575, with a cost of 19.62baht/km. The activity with the highest cost was service. The major cost components contributing to this high cost were fuel and depreciation, accounting for 69% and 31% of the total cost, respectively. For property replacement studies, this research was analyzed using the equivalent annual worth. The results of the analysis were found that the alternative approach of assemble the car had an annual cost equivalent to 189,740baht/year, which was less than the cost of ordering a custom-built car from the factory. In addition, the sensitivity analysis of choosing to assemble the car show that the variables with the greatest effect on the NPV value were the service life and total cost, resulting in an increase in the NPV value in the range percentage of 22-25.

The potential of carbon storage in the biomass of Jujube trees distributed in the historic site of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya district, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya province

Pradinunt Eiamsa-ard — 2025-10-14

Plants play an important role in absorbing and sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide through the process of photosynthesis and storing carbon in the form of biomass. This research aimed to assess the biomass and carbon storage potential of Jujube trees across four historic sites in Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya District, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya province, namely Ayutthaya Royal Palace (AYH1), Wat Phra Ram (AYH2), Wat Ratchaburana (AYH3) and Wat Wang Chai (AYH4). A survey of growth data, including height and diameter at breast height (DBH) for individuals exceeding 4.5cm, was conducted to assess aboveground biomass (AGB), belowground biomass (BGB), and carbon storage of the Jujube trees, which were estimated using allometric equations. The results showed a total of 619 Jujube trees, with the highest distribution observed in AYH1 (489 trees) and the lowest number recorded in AYH4 (20 trees). Additionally, regarding the growth of Jujube trees distributed within Wat Wang Chai (AYH4), they exhibited the highest average height (12.74m), stem circumference (292.85cm), and diameter at breast height (DBH) (94.11cm). The total biomass amounted to 9,294.77kg, which was divided into 7,376.80kg of AGB and 1,917.97kg of BGB, along with a total carbon storage of 4,368.54kg from a total of 619 Jujube trees. Furthermore, Wat Wang Chai (AYH4) showed the highest AGB (2,973.84kg), BGB (773.20kg), and carbon storage (1,761.11kg). This was attributed to Jujube trees having generally larger stem sizes, with their stem circumference and DBH exhibiting the highest average values.

Biogenic amine formation and microbiological profile in Asian seabass and short-bodied mackerel during refrigerated storage

Watcharacha Krongkeha — 2025-10-14

Biogenic amines (BAs) are key chemical indicators of fish spoilage and potential food safety hazards. This study investigated the formation of four common BAs-histamine, cadaverine, putrescine, and tyramine-and monitored microbial populations in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) and short-bodied mackerel (Rastrelliger brachysoma) stored at 0°C and 4°C for 7 days. Total viable bacteria, staphylococci, and Enterobacteriaceae were enumerated using culture-based methods, while BA concentrations were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results revealed that microbial growth was significantly higher (p<0.05) in both fish species stored at 4°C when compared with those stored at ice temperature (0°C). The counts of total viable bacteria, staphylococci, and Enterobacteriaceae of short-bodied mackerel stored at 4°C reached 5.32-6.47 Log CFU/g after 7 days. Histamine levels in short-bodied mackerel stored at 4°C reached 292.67±1.53mg/kg by day 7, exceeding the Codex safety limit of 200mg/kg. Cadaverine, putrescine, and tyramine levels were also increased to 615.00±1.00, 461.67±1.53, and 731.67±1.53mg/kg, respectively. In contrast, histamine remained undetectable in Asian seabass under the same storage conditions. However, cadaverine, putrescine, and tyramine were detected in Asian seabass at 17.67±1.53, 17.00±2.65, and 8.33±2.08mg/kg, respectively. These findings provide essential reference data for assessing spoilage in marine fish species commonly consumed in Thailand and highlight the need for strengthened seafood safety standards on histamine. They further emphasize the critical role of effective cold chain management in traditional markets and local distribution systems.

Development of caramel crispy Krong Krang with banana peel powder (Musa sapientum L.)

Kritsanakan Phaphothirat — 2025-10-27

This research aimed to develop caramel-flavored crispy Krong Krang with banana peel powder (BPP). The research studied the chemical and physical properties of BPP, as well as the effects of addition at level 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% of wheat flour weight on the physical, chemical, and sensory qualities of the product. Additionally, the study evaluated a suitable caramel coating formula and analyzed the nutritional composition of the final product. The analysis revealed that BPP composition included 56.23% carbohydrates, 25.43% insoluble dietary fiber, 6.57% protein, and an average water solubility of 14.68%. Increasing levels of BPP significantly reduced lightness (L^*) and hardness (p≤0.05), while the texture remained within acceptable limits. Sensory evaluation using a 9-point hedonic scale with 100 untrained panelists showed that the 40% supplementation level received the highest scores in appearance, color, odor, flavor, and overall acceptance (p≤0.05). The caramel formula containing approximately 23% sugar by total product weight received the highest sensory scores in color, odor, and flavor without effecting other properties and was therefore selected as the standard coating. The product provided 274.12kcal/100g (ready-to-eat), contained 4.82g of dietary fiber, and cholesterol-free.

Development of an automated system for beverage preparation to assist bartenders

Akaraphong Koomngern — 2025-10-29

This study presents the development of an automated beverage mixing system designed to assist bartenders, utilizing a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) for sequential control and pulse signal generation to operate a stepping motor in conjunction with sensors for monitoring functional statuses as per the designed operations. The system features include command input via a touchscreen interface, horizontal circular motion of a robotic arm to select ingredient positions, vertical movement for ingredient retrieval, shaking to mix the ingredients, pouring the mixture into a glass, dispensing rinsing water into the shaker, and finally discarding the rinse water into a designated container. The system performance was evaluated through four types of tests: functional accuracy, ingredient volume precision, leakage during shaking, and beverage taste assessment. The results indicated that both the overall functional accuracy and volume precision exceeded 95%. Experts evaluated that the beverage retained a taste not significantly different from the original formula and could be adjusted in sweetness to align with the shop’s signature menu. Consequently, the average satisfaction score from both experts and test participants increased from level 3 to level 4 after the formula adjustment. The maximum volume of ingredients that could be used without causing leakage during shaking was found to be 400mL, which is sufficient for preparing a single serving of a beverage. The automated beverage mixing system exemplifies an additional application of PLC technology, which can serve as a prototype for exhibition or service purposes, while also establishing a quantitative data foundation for the future development of intelligent bartender assistant systems.

Optimization of Mannan-oligosaccharide production from palm kernel cake and its prebiotic property

Pittayut Petpinit — 2025-10-29

This study examined techniques for extracting mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) from palm kernel cake (PKC) and assessed their prebiotic characteristics. Three extraction procedures were evaluated: 1) 2%(w/v) sodium hydroxide extract (S1), 2) 10%(v/v) ethanol extract (S2), and 3) Bio-ase enzyme at 10unit/milliliter (S3). Analysis of hydrolysates by HPLC revealed that S3 provided the most effective extraction. The effect of enzyme concentration (10, 15, and 20unit/milliliter) was examined, and 15unit/milliliter (S3-2) was identified as the optimal concentration, yielding a hydrolysate containing a total MOS content of 3.48gram/liter, including mannobiose, mannotriose, and mannotetraose. The prebiotic characteristics of the PKC hydrolysate were assessed by determining their ability to stimulate the growth of Lactic Acid Bacteria Enterococcus faecalis SHI-1 isolated from a 1-year-old Pomeranian dog. At 125 and 250ppm concentrations, the hydrolysate outperformed fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) in terms of probiotic growth. Furthermore, it demonstrated high resistant to digestion by simulated gastric juice and alpha-amylase, with resistant rates of 98.86 and 99.19% respectively. In conclusion, using the Bio-ase enzyme, which is made in Thailand, proved to be an efficient approach for generating MOS-rich hydrolysate from PKC. This approach minimizes processing time, procedural complexity, and chemical usage, indicating its potential for further application in the pet food industry.