Kalasin University Journal of Science Technology and Innovation

Development of a 4-stroke motorcycle fuel system to support E85 gasohol and comparison with the fuel consumption rate of gasohol 95, 91 and E20

2025-07-04T15:11:42+07:00

The objective of this research was to develop a 4-stroke motorcycle fuel system to support E85 fuel in order to identify the consumption rate of E85 gasohol, to compare the consumption rate with gasohol 95, 91 and E20 and to measure the amount of exhaust gas analysis by installing the processing box into a 4-stroke motorcycle, Honda Wave 110i and adjusting the mode to use E85 fuel. It was found that the engine starts smoothly without any problem. As for the fuel consumption rate of gasohol 95, 91, E20, E85 at the 60, 70, 80, 90 kilometers per hour (km/h) speeds test and at the distances of 10, 20, 30 kilometers (km), it was found that the lowest to highest values were Gasohol 95, 91, E20, and E85, respectively. However, when using higher speeds and longer distances, the values started to be similar for all fuel types. The E85 fuel exhaust gas content was 0.29% by volume. The HC value was 50.5 ppm. In conclusion, when the E85 processing box was installed, the motorcycle operated smoothly without any problem. As for the fuel consumption rate, Gasohol 95 and 91 had lower values than E20 and E85 because E20 and E85 contained a higher amount of ethanol. This resulted the need to use more fuel for the same distance test. However, E85 was cheaper and when using higher speeds and longer distances, the fuel consumption rates started to be similar. The emission levels from the analysis were within the standard.

The effect of using scented candles for body massage with Citrus aurantium on changes in the autonomic nervous system and emotions, and the effect of reducing pain and stiffness of the back muscles

2025-07-29T16:21:34+07:00

This research aimed to study the effects of using Citrus aurantium scented massage candles on changes in the autonomic nervous system and emotions, as well as on the reduction of pain and stiffness of the upper back muscles. The study included: (1) investigating the antioxidant activity of Citrus aurantium; (2) developing Citrus aurantium scented massage candle products; (3) examining the effects of inhaling Citrus aurantium essential oil on the autonomic nervous system blood pressure, heart rate, respiration and on emotional states; and (4) evaluating the effectiveness of combining Thai Royal Massage with Citrus aurantium scented massage candles in reducing muscle pain and stiffness. The study was conducted with 50 purposively selected volunteers. Crude essential oil was obtained from 500 g of Citrus aurantium peel via hydrodistillation, yielding 2 g of extract, equivalent to a % yield of 16.04 based on the sample’s dry weight. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay. The results showed that Citrus aurantium peel extract (ethanol solvent) had antioxidant activity with an EC₅₀ value of 0.17 ± 0.006 mg/ml, compared with the standard antioxidant Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT), which had an EC₅₀ value of 0.01 ± 0.005 mg/ml. Physical and chemical stability tests indicated that 100% of volunteers who applied the massage candle experienced no abnormal skin reactions, confirming that the formula is safe and non-irritating. The study also examined the effects of Citrus aurantium essential oil inhalation on the autonomic nervous system and emotions in healthy volunteers, comparing responses during inhalation of almond oil versus Citrus aurantium essential oil.

Effects of Inhaling Different Essential Oils on Autonomic Nervous System and Emotional States

2025-08-14T14:21:57+07:00

This quasi-experimental research aimed to compare the functions of the autonomic nervous system heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate and emotional states before and after inhalation of Jasmine, Rose, and Michelia alba essential oils among 35 students from the Faculty of Nursing and the Faculty of Public Health, Chalermkarnchana University. The research instruments were a demographic data form, a vital signs record form, and an emotional state record form. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and paired t-test. The results showed that most participants were female (97.14%) and 20 years old (65.71%). Inhaling Jasmine essential oil significantly (p < 0.05) increased diastolic blood pressure (M = 78.20, S.D. = 8.28). Inhalation of Michelia alba, Rose, and Jasmine essential oils was also found to influence emotional states, resulting in increased feelings of romantic arousal, refreshment, calmness, and concentration, while irritation, stress, and discomfort significantly decreased (p < 0.05). In conclusion, inhalation of Michelia alba, Rose, and Jasmine essential oils has significant effects on emotional states. This study can be further developed for application in Thai traditional medicine and Thai massage as a guideline for health promotion and as a complementary therapy in medical practice

Developing Structural Drawing Reading Skills Through Game-Based Learning for High Vocational Certificate Students

2025-08-06T19:40:23+07:00

This study had objectives: (1) to develop higher vocational certificate (Diploma) students’ skills in interpreting structural drawings through game-based learning (GBL), and (2) to compare students’ learning achievement before and after participating in the GBL activities. The sample group consisted of 22 civil engineering students, selected through purposive sampling. The research instruments included a structural model-building game, pre- and post-tests, a structural drawing interpretation skill assessment, and a student satisfaction questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Dependent Sample t-test, mean, and standard deviation. The research findings indicated that (1) students achieved a high level of performance in structural drawing interpretation (Mean = 89.60, S.D. = 2.30), with no significant differences across groups (p > 0.05). This result demonstrates that the game-based activity consistently enhanced students’ understanding of structural concepts. (2) Students’ learning achievement after the activity was significantly higher than before the activity at the .05 level (Mean = 17.19, S.D. = 0.98 compared with Mean = 12.76, S.D. = 1.55; t = 15.31, p = 0.000). (3) Student satisfaction toward the activity was at the highest level (𝑥̄= 4.62, S.D. = 0.49). Students indicated that the game-based activity enhanced their motivation and supported the accurate transfer of information from two-dimensional drawings to structural model. In summary, the use of a structural model-building game represents an instructional innovation that fosters students’ understanding of building components and improves their structural drawing interpretation skills. This approach not only promotes active and meaningful learning but can also be adapted for use in other related courses, thereby contributing to more effective teaching and learning practices in vocational education.

The Development of an Information System for Tracking Research Funding within the Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University

2025-07-14T10:01:20+07:00

The purposes of this study were: (1) to develop an information system for tracking research funding; (2) to evaluate the efficiency of the system; and (3) to examine user satisfaction within the Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University. The research followed the seven phases of the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC): problem definition, analysis, design, development, testing, implementation, and maintenance. The sample consisted of 46 administrators, lecturers, and staff members, selected from a total population of 60. The research instruments included: (1) the developed information system for tracking research funding; (2) a system quality evaluation form; (3) a system efficiency evaluation form; and (4) a user satisfaction questionnaire.The results revealed that: experts evaluated the quality of the system at the highest level, users evaluated the efficiency of the system at the highest level, and users reported the highest level of satisfaction with the system respectively.

The Influence of Social and Cultural Factors on Health Care Behaviors: A Case Study of Kuta Kai Sub-district, Pla Pak District, Nakhon Phanom Province

2025-08-22T18:49:00+07:00

This qualitative study aimed to examine social factors, cultural factors, and health care behavior among community members, and to analyze the relationships of these factors with health care behavior. The sample comprised 451 residents of Kutakai Subdistrict, Pla Pak District, Nakhon Phanom Province, selected using stratified sampling. The instrument was a questionnaire which had its quality verified: IOC ranged from 0.67–1.00, Cronbach’s alpha was 0.89, and KMO was 0.82. The researchers adhered to ethics by explaining the objectives, obtaining voluntary informed consent, and ensuring confidentiality. Statistics used for data analysis included the mean, standard deviation, and multiple linear regression. The results showed that social factors, cultural factors, and health care behavior were at high levels. Multiple linear regression indicated that social and cultural factors jointly and significantly predicted health care behavior (F = 161.534, p = 0.001), explaining 41.90% of the variance (R² = 0.419). Social factors had the strongest positive effect (β = 0.423, t = 7.672, p = 0.001), followed by cultural factors (β = 0.265, t = 4.794, p = 0.001). These findings suggest that both factors are associated with health care behavior; therefore, integrating the roles of families and local organizations into health promotion is recommended to achieve sustainability.

Chemical composition analysis with TLC, HPLC and antioxidant activity from Justicia gendarussa Burm.f. leaf extract

2025-09-15T11:33:32+07:00

This study aimed to analyze the chemical composition and evaluate the antioxidant activity of methanol extracts from fresh and dried leaves of Justicia gendarussa Burm.f. using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. TLC analysis revealed that fresh and dried leaf extracts exhibited spots with R_fvalues corresponding to the standard compounds apigenin (R_f = 0.56), which was clearly observed under UV light at 254 nm, providing preliminary chemical fingerprints. HPLC-DAD analysis confirmed the presence of apigenin, showing a peak at a retention time of 23.21 min with lmax at 338 nm, consistent with the standard. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that the apigenin content was higher in the fresh leaf extract (34.45 µg/mL, 3.44%), than in the dried leaf extract (22.14 µg/mL, 2.21%). Antioxidant evaluation using the DPPH assay indicated that the fresh leaf extract had significantly stronger activity, with an IC₅₀ value of 995.38 ± 34.67 µg/mL, compared to 1,416.71 ± 107.76 µg/mL in the dried extract. In conclusion,
J. gendarussa leaves contain phenolic compounds, particularly apigenin that contribute to antioxidant potential. The fresh leaves exhibited superior antioxidant potential than dried leaves, suggesting their promise as a natural source of bioactive compounds for future development of herbal health products and pharmaceutical applications.

Factors Associated with Cholinesterase Levels and Spatial Risk Assessment of Rice Farmers Exposed to Pesticides in Kantharawichai District, Mahasarakham Province

2025-09-19T17:45:43+07:00

Cross-sectional descriptive research to assess pesticide exposure to toxins and factors associated with cholinesterase levels and classify cholinesterase risk areas using geographic information system (GIS) in Kantharawichai District, Mahasarakham Province. A study was conducted on 505 rice farmers, using a questionnaire to assess the risk of exposure to chemicals and screen for cholinesterase enzyme in the blood of farmers during rice cultivation. Factors affecting cholinesterase enzyme levels were analyzed using logistic regression, and spatial cholinesterase enzyme level risk maps. The results found that most farmers had a risk of exposure to pesticides at low, medium, fairly high, and high-risk levels, 65.5%, 18.8%, 10.5%, and 5.2%, respectively. Females having cholinesterase levels that are 1.62 times higher than males (OR_adj = 1.62, 95%CI = 1.12 to 2.68, p-value<0.01), working for more than 20 years, having cholinesterase levels that are 6.69 times higher than those who have worked for less than 10 years (OR_adj = 6.69, 95%CI = 3.52 to 12.78, p-value<0.01), and those with relatively high risk from chemical exposure have a chance of having cholinesterase levels that are 32.97 times higher than those with low risk from chemical exposure (OR_adj =32.97, 95%CI = 9.44 to 115.20, p-value<0.01). In the sub-district area of 3 sub-districts, there are unsafe levels of cholinesterase enzyme. The study results indicate that the use of pesticides poses a high risk to farmers' health. Knowledge and preventive measures should be strengthened to reduce occupational diseases.

Comparison of substrates for inoculum and spawn development to enhance mycelial growth of Dictyophora indusiata

2025-09-22T14:03:13+07:00

Dictyophora indusiata is an economically important edible mushroom valued for its health benefits. However, production faces limitations due to extended cultivation periods for spawn and substrate preparation. This research compared materials for inoculum substrate using four cereal grains (sorghum, paddy rice, corn, and mung bean) and three sawdust-based substrate formulations to reduce spawn expansion time. The experiment comprised two parts: (1) inoculum substrate from cereal grains using completely randomized design with 5 replications, incubated at 28°C, with mycelium growth evaluated after 40 days, and (2) sawdust spawn production in greenhouse using randomized complete block design with 3 replications, measuring weekly mycelium growth for 7 weeks. The results showed that sorghum was the most suitable substrate for inoculum production, yielding 92.90% mycelial growth, which was significantly higher than other grains (p ≤ 0.01). For spawn bag development, Formulations 1 and 2 provided the best results, with mycelium fully colonizing the 16 cm substrate bags within 49 days. Formulation 1 consisted of sawdust, lime, Epsom salt, pumice, gypsum, molasses, and fine rice bran, while Formulation 2 contained sawdust, lime, Epsom salt, pumice, gypsum, rice flour, and fine rice bran. Formulation 3, composed of sawdust, lime, Epsom salt, pumice, gypsum, ground Leucaena meal, distillers’ grain, and fine rice bran, resulted in slightly lower growth at 13.63 cm.

Comparative Evaluation of Ensemble Models for Brain Tumor Image Classification Using Wavelet Transform-Based Features

2025-10-01T09:41:24+07:00

This study aims to develop and evaluate the performance of machine learning models for classifying magnetic resonance (MRI) brain images with tumor conditions. The process began with the extraction of multi-level texture and frequency features using the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) with Daubechies 4 as the mother wavelet. The decomposition produced a total of ten subbands, including one approximation subband (LL), three horizontal detail subbands (LH), three vertical detail subbands (HL), and three diagonal detail subbands (HH). Each subband was characterized by six statistical parameters: mean, standard deviation, energy, entropy, skewness, and kurtosis, which effectively represented the structural characteristics of brain tissues. In total, 60 features were obtained. Feature selection was then performed using the Random Forest algorithm based on feature importance scores, where only features with importance values greater than 0.01 were retained to enhance accuracy and reduce data dimensionality. This process resulted in 39 selected wavelet features from the all original ones, corresponding to a 35% reduction in unnecessary attributes. For model construction, four ensemble learning techniques were implemented, Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Random Forest, and Bootstrap Aggregating (Bagging), to compare classification performance. Experimental results revealed that the AdaBoost model achieved the best performance, with an accuracy of 93.67%, sensitivity of 94.78%, specificity of 93.00%, and overall performance of 93.81%. These findings reflect that the integration of wavelet transform-based feature extraction and feature selection with ensemble learning methods, particularly AdaBoost, can effectively and accurately support medical diagnosis from brain MRI images, providing an additional approach for brain tumor detection.

Design and Development of a 'Mutelu' Location Recommendation Application for Worshipping at Wat Thung Setthi in Khon Kaen Province

2025-10-29T22:08:51+07:00

This research aims to (1) study information related to Wat Thung Setthi in Khon Kaen Province, (2) analyze design approaches for User Experience (UX) and User Interface (UI), and (3) design and develop a “Mutelu” location recommendation application for worshipping and making merit at Wat Thung Setthi. The purpose is to respond to the consumption behaviors of “New-Generation Mutelu Believers” and to support the efficient development of services that effectively meet the needs of the target users. A mixed-methods approach with a qualitative emphasis was employed. The purposive sample consisted of 60 individuals who visited Wat Thung Setthi for worship and blessings. Research tools included on-site surveys, behavioral observation, structured interviews, and prototype application testing. The application design and development were based on the principles of Web Design Theory and implemented using MIT App Inventor and Adobe Illustrator. The findings revealed that most application users were male (63.3%) and worked in the private sector (61.7%). Their primary need was an application that provided comprehensive, accurate, and reliable information about “Mutelu” practices at Wat Thung Setthi. The overall user satisfaction level was rated as “high” ( = 4.51), particularly in the aspects of “accuracy” (= 4.55) and “alignment with objectives” ( = 4.57), which received the highest mean scores. This study successfully designed and developed an application that aligns with the behaviors of digital “Mutelu” believers by applying Web Design Theory. The resulting application demonstrated a strong User Experience (UX)—being easy to use and meeting user expectations—and an appealing User Interface (UI). The results confirm that applying systematic design principles can directly enhance user satisfaction and promote sustainable application use in the future.

Effects of Thai river sprat (Clupeichthys aesarnensis) fish powder on the textural properties, sensory quality, consumer acceptance and nutritional value of striped catfish fish ball

2025-10-09T17:08:15+07:00

This study investigated the effects of Thai river sprat fish powder (TRS-FP) supplementation (0, 1, 3, 5, and 10% w/w) on the textural properties, sensory quality, consumer acceptance, and nutritional value of striped catfish fish balls. The results showed that the addition of TRS-FP influenced the textural properties of the fish gel. Specifically, supplementation at 1, 3, and 10% significantly reduced breaking force; at 1 and 3% reduced gel strength; at 1, 3, and 5% reduced hardness; at 1, 3, and 5% increased expressible water; and reduced whiteness of the gel compared with the control (p < 0.05). However, TRS-FP had no significant effect on breaking distance, cohesiveness, and springiness (p > 0.05). Sensory evaluation of the fish balls revealed that the 1% TRS-FP formulation obtained an overall liking score not significantly different from the control (p > 0.05), but significantly higher than the 3%, 5%, and 10% formulations (p < 0.05). Therefore, the 1% TRS-FP fish balls were selected for consumer acceptance testing with 100 consumers and for nutritional comparison with the control. The results showed that the product received an average overall liking score of 7.04 (moderately liked) with a consumer acceptance rate of 91%. Nutritional analysis indicated that the 1% TRS-FP fish balls contained significantly higher protein, fat, energy, and calcium compared with the control samples (p < 0.05). Therefore, incorporating 1% TRS-FP into striped catfish fish ball is considered the optimal condition in terms of both consumer acceptability and nutritional value.