Journal of Science and Technology Mahasarakham University

Development of pickled ginger paste mixed with vegetables for bread fillings

2024-10-08T09:53:44+07:00

The Wang Thong Agri-Products Co., Ltd. has a production capacity of 2,000 tons of pickled ginger per year, and the production problem was that the ginger residue from pickling trimming accounts for 5-10% of the total pickled ginger. Therefore, entrepreneurs have the idea of using pickled ginger scraps to increase their value by processing them into bread fillings. This research aimed to study the types of vegetables suitable for producing pickled ginger paste stirred with vegetables. The appropriate ratio between pickled ginger and taro mixed with purple sweet potato (ratio 3:1) was studied using the content of pickled ginger 35, 40, 45, 50, and 55 percent of the taro mixed with purple sweet potato—25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 percent of the total ingredients. Study the quality of pickled ginger

products, stir the vegetable mixture, and analyze the chemical composition. The results showed that the type of vegetable had a statistically significant effect on L* a* b*, total dissolved solids content, and moisture value (p≤0.05). The 40% pickled ginger and 40% taro mixed with purple sweet potato was the most accepted. The analysis of the quality of ginger paste products showed that the product was safe according to the standards of the stirred fruit and vegetable community product (35/2015). The chemical quality of the pickled ginger paste product stirred with vegetables was found to contain protein, fiber, fat, and carbohydrates at 1.90 g, 15.17 g, 4.14 g, and 31.15 g per 100 g, respectively. This research shows the potential to use pickled ginger scraps as a healthy product.

Effect of bio-fertilizer management on sweet corn production in an organic system

2024-09-13T13:54:21+07:00

The sweet corn production in the organic system research objective is to compare the different biofertilizer management on growth and yield by Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The experiment was conducted in 5 treatments with 4 replications as follows: 1) the control (without biofertilizer), 2) azotobacter (A), 3) mycorrhiza (M), 4) potassium solubilizing bacteria (KSB), and 5) azotobacter + mycorrhiza + potassium solubilizing bacteria (A + M + KSB). The soil analysis in top soil (0-15 cm) after harvesting showed that A+M+KSB caused the highest available phosphorus and potassium content (70 and 153 mg kg^-1,respectively) (P<0.05). The nutrient content in sweet corn leaves at the tasseling stage and seed content, azotobacter (A), resulted in the highest nitrogen content at 2.47 and 2.45%N, respectively(P<0.05). Meanwhile, mycorrhiza (M) provided the highest phosphorus content in leaves (0.57%P) and seeds (0.51%P) (P<0.05). The total soluble solids (TSS) content was detected at the highest level in mycorrhiza, but no difference was observed with A + M + KSB (16.33 and 16.05 ^°Brix, respectively). Interestingly, A+M+KSB could gain the highest sweet corn yield at 1,540 kg rai^-1(P<0.05).

Application of cellulose phosphate from bagasse for iron adsorption of iron metals

2024-08-16T13:19:19+07:00

Bagasse is a waste material obtained from the sugar production process. Some parts of bagasse are used for animal feed production, while most of them are used to produce biofuel. In addition, bagasse is a source of natural cellulose, which can be modified to be cellulose phosphate for metal adsorption. Accordingly, this research aims to synthesize cellulose phosphate from bagasse waste for using as a highly efficient Fe metal absorbent material. In the first step, cellulose was extracted from bagasse. The cellulose phosphate was synthesized via phosphorylation reaction at different temperatures (100, 120, 150 and 180 ºC).

The results showed that cellulose could be prepared at 38.28% by weight. Using a temperature at 180 ºC provided the maximum amount of phosphate as 7.67% by weight of cellulose phosphate. Functional groups of the cellulose phosphate were analyzed by the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy technique. The results showed that the infrared absorption at wavenumbers of 900-1000 cm^-1 and 810 cm^-1 correspond to the vibration of P-OH bond and P-O-C bond, respectively. The morphology of the samples was examined using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) technique. It was found that increasing the reaction temperature caused the surface of the samples to be broken into small pieces. For this reason, the cellulose phosphate adsorbent synthesized at 180 °C was able to adsorb 88.60% of ferrous ions in a shaking experiment. For adsorption testing in a column system found that this adsorbent was able to adsorb 100% of ferrous ions after testing with a second consecutive column. The adsorption isotherm follows the Flundlich model. Therefore, the cellulose phosphate adsorbent is effectively applied to remove ferrous ion in wastewater.

Natural carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel from bagasse for slow-release urea fertilizers: Effect of crosslinking acids

2024-08-04T10:38:40+07:00

Sugarcane bagasse is an agricultural waste obtained from sugar industries. Each year, there is a large amount of abandoned bagasse occurring. When bagasse waste is burned to generate electric power, it leads to environmental impact. Accordingly, the objective of this research is to study the preparation of hydrogels from bagasse to be used as materials for the slow release of urea. In the first step, the extracted cellulose from bagasse was synthesized into carboxymethyl cellulose. Then carboxymethyl cellulose was crosslinked to hydrogel materials using various types of acids (citric acid, succinic acid and tartaric acid) at concentrations of 1, 3 and 5 %w/w. Chemical and physical properties of the samples were studied by Attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) technique, respectively. The results showed the hydrogel materials presented infrared absorption at wavenumber in the range 1700-1722 cm^-1 corresponding to the vibration of ester bonds occurring from crosslinking of carboxymethyl cellulose structures. The X-ray diffraction pattern and morphological information indicated that urea was adsorbed on the surface of the hydrogel. The results of water swelling suggest that the hydrogel obtained from crosslinking with 1 %w/w of acid provided a higher water swelling than using 3 and 5 %w/w of acid crosslinking. This result is relative to the slow release of urea; found that the hydrogel materials, which were crosslinked by 1 %w/w of acid, can slow up the release of urea better than the hydrogel obtained from 3 %w/w and 5 %w/w acid crosslinking. In addition, the hydrogel obtained from 1 %w/w succinic acid crosslinking can slow up the release of urea better than the hydrogel obtained from citric and tartaric crosslinking. The results of moisture in soil indicated that after completely releasing urea, the hydrogel material can also maintain the moisture in soil. Therefore, it is appropriate to develop bagasse into hydrogel materials to slow the release of urea in agriculture.

Dengue outbreak prediction using geographic information system and machine learning: A case study of Mueang Phayao District, Phayao Province

2024-09-12T15:30:46+07:00

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne infectious disease and is a public health problem in many countries around the world. This research aims to study the factors affecting the spread of dengue fever and to create prediction models using machine learning techniques. The data were collected from the Phayao Meteorological Station and Phayao Hospital between 2018 and 2022. The geographic information system was used to analyze the related factors. The data preparation was performed by separating the datasets according to various factors,

including gender, age group, population, forest area, distance between outbreak areas and water sources, distance between re-outbreak areas, average temperature, average relative humidity, average rainfall, and number of rainy days.

All data were generated as monthly and weekly datasets. The prediction models are divided into regression and classification types. The regression includes support vector machines, generalized linear models, and artificial neural networks. The classification includes decision trees, gradient boosting trees, and random forests. The ensemble method of stacking models is used to combine multiple machine learning algorithms to improve the performance by using 2 algorithms as base learners and using another algorithm as the stacking model learner. Performance evaluation was performed through five-fold cross-validation and the different datasets and learning methods were compared.

The results found that the regression type using the generalized linear model as the stacking model learner gave the best performance with an RMSE value of 1.457, while the classification using the gradient boosting tree gave the highest performance with an accuracy of 99.12%. This study highlights the importance of using machine learning techniques in forecasting dengue fever outbreaks, which can be used as an effective tool for disease surveillance and control in the future.

A predictive model for fake news detection using ensemble learning techniques

2024-08-06T22:17:45+07:00

Nowadays, social media is one of the important activities for the general public for the purpose of sharing news and various stories with people. As a result, there are ill-intentioned individuals who seek to benefit themselves and cause chaos in society by creating and spreading fake news to the public. Recently, efforts have been made to develop systems for automatically detecting fake news on social media, such as using machine learning to analyze news data or using systems that learn the behavior of people on social media. From these methods, the concept of integrating multi-factor data analysis has emerged to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of fake news detection systems. This research aims to present a predictive model for detecting fake news using ensemble learning techniques with voting methods. It includes a dataset of 20,000 data points, considering factors such as media sources and user interactions. The test results, in conjunction with the fake news database recorded from social media like Fakeddit.com, show that the proposed model has a prediction accuracy of 96.97%, which is higher than other learning techniques used for comparison.

Shoreline change due to sand bypassing at Panare River mouth, Pattani Province

2024-09-06T10:48:10+07:00

The Panare River mouth in Pattani Province has become a serious issue. Longshore sediments are blocking the entrance, despite jetties designed to trap sediments and sand bypassing to open the river mouth. However, these measures were unable to effectively solve the problem, as local fishers struggled to navigate their boats through the waterway with ease. Therefore, to discuss this issue, it is necessary to study the shoreline change in this area, determine the net shoreline movement and endpoint rate of shoreline position, and analyze the relationship of sand bypassing over various periods. There needs to be analyzed by using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) tool within a Geographic Information System to identify the shoreline from satellite images from the years 2007, 2011, 2015, 2016, and 2020, with the shoreline adjusted to reference the mean sea level. The study found that the western side experiences a maximum accumulation rate of 17.19 meters per year and a maximum erosion rate.

Evaluation and solutions for induced voltage on the sheath of long underground cables in single-circuit medium voltage systems

2024-09-03T20:43:53+07:00

The layout of underground cables affects the induced voltage at the sheath of the cable, which must be limited to no more than 65 V according to the electrical installation standards for Thailand to ensure safety for the operators. This paper presents the evaluation of the induced voltage at the sheath of underground cables for a single-circuit in a medium-voltage system in two formations: trefoil and flat formation with the sheath of the cable grounded at both ends. The results of the study found that the induced voltage of the trefoil formation is less and safer than the flat formation, and the practice of solving the problem of induced voltage exceeding the standard is to balance the load in each feeder to have a similar value, taking into account the shortest cable length, and install the ground wire parallel to the phase wire with a sheath voltage limiter.

Development of a friction stir welding apparatus for aluminum pipe work

2024-08-23T10:26:50+07:00

The development of specialized welder for friction stir welding of pipes is challenging. This is because a number of issues, including decreased contact area resulting from pipe curvature, improper positioning of the pipe clamping device, and pipe welding accessories, etc., frequently arise during friction stir welding of pipes. Therefore, in order to address the issues with pipe welding and enhance the quality of the welds, the objectives of this study were to design and build a friction stir welder for pipes and perform performance tests. The friction stir welder developed in this study was driven by a motor held in a spindle and a vertical milling machine, which was responsible for placement of the friction welder on the bench. This friction stir welder setup contributed to automatic adjustment of welding speed (mm/min) and the rotation speed (rpm). This friction stir welder consisted of 4 main components, which were the welding speed control unit, the dividing plate mounted on the vertical milling machine, a support for the compression during welding of the specimen, and a tailstock. The performance test was conducted using aluminum alloy AA6063 pipe with an outer diameter of 50.8 mm, an inner diameter of 38.85 mm, and a thickness of 5.1 mm at one rotation speed (710 rpm) and three welding speeds (1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 rpm). The welder had a right-hand threaded cylindrical pin with a pitch of 0.8 mm, a diameter of 5 mm, a pin length of 4.8 mm, and a shoulder diameter of 20 mm. The results showed that this welder could be used in the friction stir welding of pipes as intended. The microstructural characterization revealed grain distortion due to excessive frictional heat accumulation in the specimens. The frictional stir welding at a rotation speed of 710 rpm and a welding speed of 2.5 mm/min resulted in the highest tensile strength of 149.65 MPa and the highest hardness of 52.9 HV at the Stir Zone.

Design, performance evaluation, and economic feasibility of a river tamarind (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit) shredder for use as cattle feed

2024-07-25T10:45:24+07:00

Manual labor for chopping Leucaena to prepare animal feed, particularly for beef cattle, remains a time-consuming and inefficient process. Moreover, it can affect the consistency of Leucaena size, which impacts the digestion efficiency of beef cattle. Therefore, this research aims to design and build a Leucaena shredding machine for beef cattle feed, evaluate its performance, and study the payback period of the shredder. The study designed a Leucaena shredder equipped with a 2-horsepower motor and three shredding blades. The machine was tested to assess its performance by measuring the time taken to shred 2 kilograms of Leucaena and comparing the results with manual shredding. The results showed that the developed Leucaena shredder reduced working time by 94% compared to manual labor, with the machine taking an average of 61 seconds to shred 2 kilograms of Leucaena, while manual labor took an average of 952 seconds. Additionally, the Leucaena shredded by the machine was finer and more uniform than that shredded by hand, which positively affects the digestion process in beef cattle. Economic analysis revealed that the Leucaena shredder could achieve a payback period within 42 days when used for feeding seven beef cattle, and the payback period shortens with an increased number of cattle. Therefore, this Leucaena shredder is an efficient tool for improving farmers' convenience, reducing animal feed production costs, and being effectively utilized in medium to large-sized livestock farms.