Thai Journal of Science and Technology

Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Relationships of Anoectochilus burmannicus and Related Species in Thailand Using ISSR Marker

Naruemon Khemkladngoen — 2024-05-14

Anoectochilus burmannicus, a terrestrial orchid, has a potential as medicinal plant. Because its habitat is confined and deforested, it is diminished in nature. Therefore, its habitat located in Chiang Mai province, Thailand, is protected as a conservation area. However, genetic diversity of this plant in the area is still unknown. The objective of the study was to assess the genetic relationships and diversity of A. burmannicus and related species collected from northern Thailand. Thirty-three DNA samples of A. burmannicus, A. albolineatus, A. roxburghii, A. elwesii and O. lanceolatus were analyzed using 7 inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers. A total of 82 bands were obtained with 98.9% polymorphism. All 5 studied species were clearly separated and clustered into 2 groups. Nei’s genetic diversity (H) and Shannon information index (I) of A. burmannicus were 0.22 and 0.33, respectively, which revealed the moderate genetic diversity. For A. albolineatus, A. roxburghii and A. elwesii, H and I were ranged from 0.12-0.15 and 0.19-0.23, respectively. While, genetic diversity of O. lanceolatus was low (H=0.07, I=0.10). The results shown here were the first report about genetic relationships and diversity of Anoectochilus sp. in Thailand. These findings might provide essential information for developing genetic conservation strategy in these studied species in Thailand.

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Yield and Chemical Composition of Cananga fruticosa x odorata Flowers

Anan Piriyaphattarakit — 2024-05-14

The utilization of plant growth regulators to stimulate the number of flowers and investigating the key chemical constituents of the Cananga fruticosa x odorata flowers in Nakhon Ratchasima Province. The experimental design employed in this study is a randomized complete block design (RCBD), consisting of six treatments, each replicated five times. The treatments include T0 (Control), T1 (PBZ: Cytokinin), T2 (PBZ: Ca), T3 (PBZ: Mg), T4 (Cytokinin: Ca), at a ratio of 1:1 per liter. and T5 (Cytokinin: Ca: Mg) at a ratio of 1:1:1 per liter. Applying every 15 days after planting for a period of 2 months by recorded flower count and fresh flower yield every 15 days for a total of 5 observations. It was observed that at the age of 105 days, treatments T2 and T4 exhibited the highest flower counts, with 64 flowers per plant each. Additionally, the fresh flower yield was found to be 89.91 grams and 86.79 grams, respectively. There was a difference compared to the control group, which had the lowest flower count and the lowest flower yield. This indicated that the use of plant growth regulators and plant nutrients has an effect on stimulating Cananga fruticosa x odorata flowers to produce more abundant flowers. From the study of chemical components in Cananga fruticosa x odorata essential oil, it was found that there are a total of 47 significant components. The majority of these components belong to the Terpenes group, which are compounds responsible for the distinctive aroma. These compounds have various potential industrial applications.

Effect of Packaging on the Storage Quality of Soybean Seeds

Apinya Wisutiamonkul — 2024-05-28

The study on quality of soybean seeds cv. Chiang Mai 60 aimed to compare different packaging materials to the storage quality of soybean seeds. The experimental design used a completely randomized design. Before the experiment, seeds were culled to get rid of low-quality seeds and impurities. The initial moisture content of all seeds was reduced below 10% before conducting all experiments. Soybean seeds were packed in different packages of 10 kg per bag. The experiment was divided into 4 treatments: 1) woven plastic sack polypropylene (PP), 2) woven plastic sacks PP with polyethylene bag (PE), 3) woven plastic sacks PP with linear low-density polyethylene bag (LLDPE), and 4) woven plastic sacks PP coated with laminate. Seeds in 4 types of bags were stored at a temperature 20 °C (30±5% RH). Soybean seeds were sampled randomly for quality analysis at 30-day intervals over 8 months of storage and each treatment had 3 replications. It was found that the plastic sack PP coated with laminate, could delay better the development of abnormal soybean seeds, including the color changes (L*, C*, and hº) from yellow to brown than other types of packaging. Seeds in woven plastic sack PP had the highest weight loss, which was related to a decrease in the moisture content of seeds. However, type of packaging materials did not affect the change in protein content of seeds and levels of oxygen (O₂) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) in packages throughout the storage for 8 months

Physicochemical Properties and Sensory Evaluation of Butter Cookies Fortified with Fiber from Edamame Soybean Residue Flour

Phraeophoyom Phetaiam — 2024-06-20

The demand for bakery products that meet criteria such as being gluten-free, nutritious, functional, and sustainable is steadily increasing. Edamame soybean residue is the byproduct derived from the production of Edamame soybean milk, renowned for its abundant fiber and protein content. This study investigated the fortification of fiber in butter cookie products using Edamame soybean residue flour (ESRF), achieved by substituting wheat flour with ESRF at levels of 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60%, respectively. Cookies enriched with higher fiber levels and supplemented with ESRF showed a significant decrease in hardness and crispness (P ˂ 0.05), while experiencing an increase in both fiber and protein content (P ˂ 0.05). Nevertheless, sensory evaluations revealed a notable decline in acceptance of color, texture, taste, and overall liking (P ˂ 0.05). Therefore, the addition of fiber from ESRF in butter cookies at a 15% level resulted in similar sensory acceptability compared to cookies without this fiber supplementation (P ≥ 0.05). However, the fiber-enhanced cookies displayed significantly increased crispness (P ˂ 0.05), along with fiber and protein contents measuring 2.58 and 41%, respectively. This study provides a framework for improving the nutrition of cookies, minimizing production waste, and enhancing the market value of ESRF.

Biological Research on Morphological Features of in vitro Porcine Granulosa Cells Culture

Sukjai Rattanayuvakorn — 2024-05-14

The purpose of this research was to study the morphology and culturing porcine granulosa cells (GC) collected from large white pig ovaries with sterile technique. The primary cell culture methods were utilized based on M199 formula (supplemented with 10% HTFBS, 15 µg/mL FSH, 1 µg/mL LH, 1 µg/mL estradiol, 2.2 mg/mL NaHCO₃, 0.25 mM pyruvate and 50 µg/mL gentamycin sulfate at high humidified atmosphere with 5% CO₂ in 95% air atmosphere at 37°C) at 0, 24, 44-48, 72, 96 and 120 h (short-term culture). The result of culturing GC, using M199 based on cell morphology study, exhibited that, in the beginning, cells were round-shaped and non-ciliated cells. Porcine granulosa cells showed healthy characteristic and changed their morphology from round shape to fibroblast-like morphology, then extending and adhering to the surface of the petri dish. After 24 h, they multiplied and spread 100% all over the culture dish and then turned sharp at both head and bottom and expanded. As cultured for 48, 72, 96, 120 h. they were expanded more, fibroblast-like shape, epithelial-like isolated and cluster group cells under microscopy. The viability of GC culture for 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h were 100, 98, 95, 92, 90, and 86%, respectively. The advantages of this research were: that it enabled us to culture GC cells collected from the slaughterhouse efficiently by using short-term culture methods in culture medium; that we were capable of studying the morphological features, as well as the variance of the cell shape in the laboratory; sub-culture cells and long-term culture can possibly be further developed as granulosa cell lines; and that the cells could be utilized practically in innovative biological research field, thus helping economize costs and eliminate the animal experiments correctly in accordance with moral norms.

Efficiency Comparison of Two TCAS Minimum Mark Prediction Models: Top X% Model and Mean+N(s.d.) Model for Admission Round of TCAS in Year 2023

Padungsak Kasatecharoen — 2024-06-24

Thai university Central Admission System (TCAS) is developed for all high school students in Thailand. There are four rounds of TCAS called, portfolio, quota, admission and direct admission. The admission round is the round that use the mark of each test subject to compute the total mark, and then apply to TCAS. The minimum mark that can qualify the admission is the main point. However, the last year minimum mark cannot be used directly because of changing of subject combination, changing of fraction of the subject combination and the difficulty of the tests in each year. Otherwise, in year 2022, there are major changes in test subjects of TCAS. These lead to the prediction is more difficulty. The used of last year minimum marks directly are not efficient method because of its low accuracy. The researchers have developed two models called “Top X% model” and “Mean + N(s.d.) model” to predict the minimum mark. This paper represents the concept and methodology of each model, each model efficiency and compare their efficiency. The results show clearly that “Top X% model” is better than “Mean + N(s.d.) model” in term of model accuracy and error prediction average. The results also show that the prediction accuracy of “Top X% model” and “Mean + N(s.d.) model” for all four universities in year 2023 are 78.6744% and 75.5043%, respectively, with acceptance of the prediction total mark error not exceed -5%.

The General Solutions of Fourth Order Cauchy-Euler Equations Using Sumudu Transform

Tawikan Treeyaprasert — 2024-06-20

Using the Sumodu transform technique, we investigate the general solution of the fourth order homogeneous Cauchy-Euler equation

and the fourth order nonhomogeneous Cauchy-Euler equation

where are real numbers and is a polynomial function.

Economic Feasibility and Greenhouse Gas Reduction Analysis of Installing a Solar Rooftops on Dormitory Buildings at Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus

Thanapol Tantisattayakul — 2024-06-12

Solar energy is an environmentally friendly energy that supports Thailand's goal of achieving carbon neutrality. This study analyzed the economic feasibility of installing rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) systems on dormitory buildings at Thammasat University Rangsit Center to reduce electricity consumption from the grid. The results show that the optimal installed capacity is 1.4 MWp, which can generate approximately 1,881,337 kWh/year, equivalent to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of 914 tCO₂e/year. The economic feasibility analysis shows that the project is economically viable. The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) is between 2.34 and 2.68 baht/kWh, and the internal rate of return (IRR) is between 15.35% and 18.45%. The payback period is approximately 5-6 years. A sensitivity analysis was conducted considering the following factors: (1) self-consumption ratio, (2) solar cell degradation rate, and (3) operating and maintenance cost. The results show that the self-consumption ratio is the most critical factor affecting the project's viability. The project is viable only if the self-consumption ratio is higher than 60%. The other two factors do not significantly affect the project's viability.

Case Study: Post-Concussion Symptoms Management in Patients with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Kritsanapon Raekthaisong — 2024-06-21

The commonest form of traumatic brain damage is mild traumatic brain injury. When the head is struck by something external, brain tissue and blood vessel damage may ensue, leading to inflammation and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), negatively impacting patient life quality. This paper describes nursing procedure for managing mild traumatic brain injury patients' post-concussion symptoms. A nursing case study is examined of an adult male patient who suffered injuries when a truck tire exploded. He was admitted to Thammasat Hospital's Trauma Surgical Ward, where he presented with headache, nausea, dizziness, exhaustion, and insomnia, among other symptoms. Nursing care was given to the patient with and without medication. The headache, nausea, dizziness, and weariness symptoms were resolved through nursing care and in less than seven days, sleep patterns regularized. This method may help stakeholders treating patients with mild traumatic brain injuries to alleviate post-concussion symptoms through nursing care and achieve greater comfort.

Effects of Self-efficacy Promotion on Swallowing Rehabilitation in Stroke Patient with Dysphagia: Case study

Chainarong Lakrab — 2024-06-24

One major issue that affects stroke patients is dysphagia. Patients thus heal more slowly. It plays a significant role in creating issues. including resulting in a low quality of life for the patient. Therefore, nurses are crucial in providing care for stroke patients in order to avoid dysphagia-related problems. It is critical that nurses support appropriate swallowing therapy using the right techniques. Before beginning to swallow, the patient's readiness must be determined. consisting of the following: 1. Assessing awareness; 2. Evaluating verbal response; 3. Placing the patient in a high Fowler's position (90 degrees); and 4. Conducting a swallowing test. Including strengthening the swallowing muscles as part of recovery. To encourage the mouth's strength.

Predicting Obesity Prevalence in Pathum Thani Province

Vadhana Jayathavaj — 2024-05-14

The prevalence of obesity in Pathum Thani province came from a quarterly survey of people aged 15 years and over who are obese (body mass index 25 kg/m2 or more) and/or have abdominal obesity (waist circumference over 90 cm for men and 80 cm for women) in the fiscal year 2013–2023, which increased from 28.48 percent to 36.91 percent. Grey System Theory is a time series method with accepted mathematical properties that can be used to predict time series with small amounts of data. The result showed that the GM (1,1) expanded periodic correction model (GM (1,1) EPC) predicts the percentage prevalence of obesity in fiscal year 2024 equal to 36.51 with the minimum mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) at 1.93 percent, which decreased from fiscal year 2023 by 0.40 percent.