Wichcha Journal Nakhon Si Thammarat Rajabhat University

Production of Ratchaburi Aromatic Coconuts Based on Thai Geographical Indications

Chadaporn Pokaisawan — 2024-06-28

Ratchaburi aromatic coconuts refers to aromatic coconuts from a Dwaft variety known as “Green Pig”, having greenish skin, pleating patterns on the bottom, ovoid or ellipsoid shape, two thick layers of meat, and sweet water that smells like pandan leaves. The production of Ratchaburi aromatic coconuts covers 7 districts including Damnuensaduak, Watpleng, Bangpong, Muang, Bangphae, Paktho, Photharam in Ratchaburi province. To guarantee and maintain the best quality of coconut kind based on geographical indications, the relevant government entities have established the quality and standard control of the production.

The quality and standard control of Ratchaburi aromatic coconut production based on geographical indications consisted of the following process: 1) preparation of the plantation land, 2) planting operation, 3) selection of the authentic variety for seedling, 4) plantation environment which included rain water and weather condition, 5) fertilization, 6) addition of organic fertilizers, 7) weeding, and 8) harvesting.

Growth of Sang Yod Phattalung Rice Derived from Plant Tissue Culture Regenerant 2 in Plastic House Condition

Paramaporn Noimusik — 2024-06-28

ข้าวสังข์หยดพัทลุงมีเมล็ดสีแดงเข้มและปริมาณสารต้านอนุมูลอิสระสูง จึงเป็นอาหารสุขภาพที่ต้องการสำหรับคนดูแลสุขภาพ ส่งผลให้มีความต้องการผลผลิตสูง ดังนั้นคณะผู้วิจัยจึงศึกษาผลของสารควบคุมการเจริญเติบโตต่อระยะการเจริญเติบโตทางลำต้นและการสืบพันธุ์หลังจากย้ายลงปลูกในโรงเรือนพลาสติกที่คณะทรัพยากรธรรมชาติ มหาวิทยาลัยสงขลานครินทร์ โดยนำเมล็ดข้าวดั้งเดิม และเมล็ดข้าวรุ่นแรกจากการให้สารควบคุมการเจริญเติบโต (somaclone 1 regenerant 1 seed: SC1R1 seed) มาเพาะเลี้ยงปลายยอดในอาหารเหลวสูตร oil palm culture medium (OPCM) ที่ไม่เติม และเติม 6-benzyladenine (BA) เข้มข้น 0.0 0.5 1.0 และ 1.5 มิลลิกรัมต่อลิตร เพียงชนิดเดียวหรือใช้ร่วมกับ 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) เข้มข้น 0.5 มิลลิกรัมต่อลิตร คัดเลือกต้นข้าวที่แข็งแรง (SC1R2 plant) อนุบาลออกปลูกในโรงเรือนพลาสติก หลังออกปลูกเป็นเวลา 80 และ 140 วัน บันทึกผลการเติบโตทางลำต้นและด้านการสืบพันธุ์จากแต่ละชุดการทดลองเปรียบเทียบกันโดยวางแผนการทดลองแบบสุ่มอย่างสมบูรณ์ (completely randomized design: CRD) จากการศึกษาพบว่าการเติบโตทางลำต้นของต้นข้าวที่เพาะเลี้ยงจากอาหารเหลวสูตร OPCM เติม BA ที่ความเข้มข้น 0.5 มิลลิกรัมต่อลิตร (SCV1R2+0.5BA) ให้ความยาวใบสูงสุด 68.50 เซนติเมตร ความกว้างใบสูงสุด 1.08 เซนติเมตร เส้นผ่านศูนย์กลางลำต้นสูงสุด 0.93 เซนติเมตร และความสูงต้นสูงสุด 186.50 เซนติเมตร ส่วนการเติบโตทางด้านการสืบพันธุ์ พบในทำนองเดียวกันว่าต้นข้าว SC1R2+0.5BA ออกดอกแรกเร็วสุด ใช้เวลา 97 วัน ออกดอก 50 เปอร์เซ็นต์ ใช้เวลา 99 วัน หลังอนุบาลลงดินปลูก จำนวนช่อดอกต่อต้นสูงสุด 40 ช่อดอก น้ำหนักข้าวกล้อง 100 เมล็ดสูงสุด 1.566 กรัม จากผลการศึกษาสามารถนำองค์ความรู้ที่ได้มาประยุกต์ใช้ในการปรับปรุงการเติบโตทางลำต้นดีขึ้น ส่งผลให้การเติบโตทางด้านการสืบพันธุ์และผลผลิตสูงขึ้นเพื่อให้ประสบความสำเร็จสูงต่อไป

The Effect of Nam Wa Banana Flour on the Characteristics of Thai Crispy Roll

Adisara Tantasuttikul — 2024-06-28

The objective of this research was to utilize banana flour, which was produced from NamWa bananas substituting rice flour in Thai Crispy Roll products. The raw bananas were steamed in boiling water for 10 minutes, then cut and dried at 50°C for 6 hours. They were ground into the powder. The banana flour is a fine texture, has yellowish white, and smells of banana. After that, the banana flour was used to develop a Thai Crispy Roll (Khanom Thong Muan). The ratios of banana flour: rice flour were 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% weight per weight (w/w). The ratio of banana flour was increased due to the brightness (L*) decreased, redness (a*) increased, while the yellowness (b*) are not different and the viscosity increased. As a result, the starch granules are gelatinized. The amorphous parts of starch granules have a large number that can absorb water quickly. Next, stored Kanom Thong Muan in aluminum foil bags at room temperature for 28 days. The results found the moisture content of ratios 0 and 25% w/w was increased, but ratios 50, 75, and 100% w/w were not different significantly (p > 0.05) during storage. The free water content of all products was low (0.60). The texture (hardness) was not different in each ratio. The amount of banana flour increased, which represented the product was rougher and more porous. That affect product moisture to reduced, crispy, and can be stored for a long time.

Carbon Storages in Tropical Rain Forest, Case Study: Ban Papong Community Forest, Thamod District, Phatthalung Province

Anut Kiriratnikom — 2024-06-28

The research objective was to evaluate carbon storages in tree biomass, soil (0-30 centimeter (cm) depth) and evaluate the potential for carbon dioxide adsorption in tropical rain forest, Ban Papong Community Forest, Thamod district, Phatthalung province. The random sampling for surveying of plant species was undertaken by 40x50 square meter (m²) sample plot (6 plots). The results showed that the plants in Ban Papong Community Forest composed of 99 species, 72 genus in 41 families, which were divided into the group of trees that contain 74 tree species, 58 genus in 34 families, 72 sapling species, 57 genus in 31 families and 50 seedling species, 44 genus in 27 families. Ban Papong Community Forest had a total of carbon sequestration 158.30 tonne carbon per hectare (C/ha), in plant biomass 134.36 tonne C/ha (131.46 tonne C/ha in tree, 2.42 tonne C/ha in sapling and 0.48 tonne C/ha in seedling) and 23.94 tonne C/ha of carbon sequestration in soil. Most of the carbon stored in biomass was 84.87%. The Ban Papong Community Forest can adsorb CO₂ 580.43 tonne carbon dioxide per hectare (CO₂/ha).

Potential of Methane Gas Production from Food Waste and Green Waste

Khwanta Pimpan — 2024-06-28

This research objective was to study the potential of methane gas production from food waste and green waste. Both of wastes were obtained from Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand Bangkruai Nonthaburi. Microorganism for methane production system was obtained from upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) system. The operation of methane production was operated in 10 liters of completely stirred tank reactor. The material ratio was 1:1:1, a total of solid 2.5% and fermentation time was 288 hours. The sample was collected from solution and gas for investigated the related parameters were pH, cumulative total gas, component of biogas. These parameters related to calculation kinetic methane production. From the research results, it was found that pH from operation time from potential of methane gas production from food waste and green waste was 6.90 - 7.42, highest methane gas production was 70.19%, cumulative biogas was 1,731.33 milliliter (ml), and cumulative methane was 404.76 ml, respectively. For Kinetic methane production, maximum methane production rate 3.197 ml hr^-1, maximum methane 399.596 ml. Therefore, this research can be used as an information to support the food waste and green waste utilization as a raw material for biogas production for government and private sectors in order to achieve the sustainable development goal. Sustainable development goals (SDGs) 7.2, could increase the proportion of renewable energy in the world in 2030.

Total Phenolic Compounds and Cytotoxicity in Brine Shrimp and Aedes aegypti Larvae of Thurian-thet (Annona muricata L.) Crude Extracts

Cherlynn van Beem — 2024-06-28

This research was conducted to determine total phenolic compounds and assess cytotoxicity in brine shrimp and Aedes aegypti larvae of crude extracts from various parts of Thurian-thet: unripe fruit, ripe fruit, leaves, seeds and stem bark achieved by adopting different solvents which are hexane, dichloromethane, ethanol, and methane. The maximum phenolic content was found in ethanolic ripe fruit extract at 2,036±5.99 microgram of gallic acid equivalent per milligram of extract (µg GAE/g ext). The crude extracts at concentrations of 10-1,000 microgram per milliliter (µg/mL) were tested for cytotoxicity in brine shrimp and Aedes aegypti larvae. It was found that the lowest lethal concentration fifty (LC₅₀) tested in brine shrimp was 71.95 µg/mL (24 h) from methanolic ripe fruit extract and in mosquito larvae was 21.39 µg/mL (24 h) from ethyl alcoholic ripe fruit extract. The results suggested that the ethanolic ripe fruit extract contained the maximal total phenolic compounds which could be used as natural antioxidants. The ethanolic ripe fruit extract could also be used as a mosquito natural repellent since after being tested with mosquito larva and found the lowest value of LC₅₀. However, the toxicity tests of Thurian-thet ripe fruit extract in laboratory animals should be determined in the future for possible applications in food and medicine.

Application of Marine Fish Processing Waste in Formulated Diet on Growth Performance and Fillet Chemical Composition of Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer Bloch, 1790) Reared in Fresh Water

Jamjun Pechsiri — 2024-06-28

Marine fish processing waste contains high amount of nutritional values. The present study aimed to investigate the efficiency of marine fish processing waste in the formulated diets on growth performance, survival rate, fillet chemical compositions and feed cost of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer Bloch, 1790) reared in fresh water. A completely randomized design was formulated comprising three experimental diets which included a diet containing dried form of marine fish processing waste and marine fish amino acids (T1), a diet containing dried form of marine fish processing waste (T2), and a commercial diet for marine fish (T3). The fingerling fish with initial body weight of 27-29 gram (g) were reared in fresh water cement tanks for four months. The results showed that the highest growth performances were found in T2 fish. The mean final weights, weight gain, and average daily gain of T2 fish were 385.7±12.0 g, 1,282.69±46.69%, and 2.98±0.09 g per fish per day, respectively. Also, the lowest feed cost per gain (41.09±3.98 baht per kilogram (kg)) was found in T2 fish. Whereas, T1 fish was found with the highest protein (85.47±1.57%) in the fillet but having the lower survival rate (83.30±3.30%) than T3 fish (93.30±3.30%). This study demonstrated that the dried form of marine fish processing waste can be used as a protein source in high protein diet for Asian seabass reared in fresh water.

The Development of Preserved Tamarind Packaging for Export Processed Fruit Producer Community Enterprise in Ban Khlong Chon, Sa Kaeo Province

Pasuree Rittilert — 2024-06-28

Preserved tamarind from Exporting Processed Fruit Producer Community Enterprise in Ban Khlong Chon, Sa Kaeo province were packed in aluminum foil zip lock pouch with clear front window. The problem was zip lock bags were bloated and torn during transportation. Therefore, this research aimed to study effects of a new package on the quality of preserved tamarind during storage. In this study, preserved tamarind were packed in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) cans with valve silver peel of end aluminum lid, sealed by a can sealing machine and stored at temperature room (30±2 °C) for 10 days and refrigerator temperature (4±2 °C) for 28 days. New product label was also designed. Results showed that preserved tamarind could be stored at room temperature only for 4 days and at refrigerator temperature longer than 28 days. Temperature had an effect on the quality of preserved tamarind as they became pale yellow, lightness (L*) increased, yellowness (b*) decreased and alkalinity increased. Total soluble solid decreased with statistical significance (p ≥ 0.05). Sensory evaluation revealed that consumers gave decreased preference scores to preserved tamarind stored at room temperature and refrigerator temperature from very much liked to moderately liked and neither liked nor disliked, respectively, Throughout the storage period, total bacteria count was less than 1x10⁶ colony-forming units per gram (CFU/g) and total yeast and mold count was less than 1x10³ CFU/g, which did not exceed the standard required by Thai Industrial Standards Institute (TISI). With regard to the product label design, consumers gave satisfaction scores towards the new product label as it is attractive, clear, and communicate the outstanding point of preserved tamarind at a high level, accounting for 83.60%. The new package can be used actually to solve the damage problems during transportation and can be used as a guideline for other kinds of preserved fruits.

Determination of Heavy Metals in Dried Seafood Products by Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectrometry

Phutthathida Duangklat — 2024-06-28

This research aimed to compare the sample digestion methods i.e., wet digestion and microwave digestion for the determination of manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and lead (Pb) in dried seafood products by Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). The samples were collected randomly from five local markets in Surat Thani Province i.e., Muang District (A1), Kanchanadit District (A2), Don Sak District (A3), Chaiya District (A4) and Tha Chang District (A5) in May 2022. The results showed that microwave digestion was the suitable method for this study. The parameters for method validation obtained correlation coefficient of the standard curve (0.9990 - 0.9998), accuracy (84.9 - 111.8%), precision (1.8 - 7.5% RSD), limits of detection (5.1, 11.1, 17.3, 13.5, and 14.5 nanogram per gram (ng/g) for Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Pb, respectively), and limits of quantification (5.6, 12.9, 26.2, 14.5, and 15.0 ng/g for Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Pb, respectively). The heavy metal amounts found in all dried seafood samples, in descending order were Fe > Zn > Cu > Mn with the mean concentrations of 49.53±33.31, 15.33±11.86, 4.15±5.90 and 2.88±1.92 milligram per kilogram (mg/kg) fresh weight, respectively. The amounts of lead were not detectable in all samples. In addition, it was found that dried shrimp and dried squid were classified as excellent sources of iron and copper (27.6 - 93.1 of daily value percentage).

Effect of Using Manure and Biochar from Rice Straw on Growth and Yield of Green Oak (Lactuca sativa L.)

Yaowamarn Keawsaard — 2024-06-28

This research aimed to study the appropriate ratio of manure and biochar in the growth and yield of Green Oak. The field experiment had been done at Na Sai Subdistrict Child Development Center Mueang district, Nakhon Si Thammarat province from September 2021 to January 2022. The complete randomized design (CRD) was adopted which resulted in 4 different treatments: (T1) no application of biochar and manure, (T2) manure only (2,000 kilogram (kg) per rai), (T3) biochar combined with manure (1500:500 kg/rai), and (T4) biochar combined with manure (500:1500 kg/rai). The result showed that the use of manure and biochar in different ratios after being transplanted for 40 days had a statistically significant (p ≤ 0.01). With T2, the parameters of stem diameter, plant height, canopy root length, and. the fresh weight per plant was higher than those of other treatments, at 28.12 centimeter (cm), 43.38 cm, 69.25 cm, 50.38 cm, and 189.57 gram per plant, respectively. It can be concluded that the use of chemical fertilizer can be replaced by the use of biochar combined with manure at the rate of 500:1500 kg/rai in growing Green Oak.