Reducing Fertilization rate and Nitrogen Input have no Effect on Nile Tilapia Production in Periphyton-Based Culture with Supplemental Feeding
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Published:
Mar 2, 2019
Keywords:
Fertilization Nitrogen input Periphyton-based Supplementary feeding
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Abstract
Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus with an average individual weight of 87.4 g at a density 3 fish∙m-2 were used to determine growth and production in periphyton-based tanks. The trial was conducted in 10 m2 concrete tanks for a 120-day period. A 10-cm deep layer of soil was placed at the bottom of each tank. Bamboo poles with an approximate submerged surface area of 50% of the total tank surface area were inserted vertically into the soil to act as substrate for periphyton. A biweekly fertilizer dose of triple superphosphate (TSP) and cow manure at the rates of 35 g∙tank-1 and 250 g∙tank-1, respectively, were applied to the experimental tanks. In order to test the effect of reducing nitrogen input, four levels of urea were used with TSP and cow manure; 60, 30, 15 or 7.5 g∙tank-1. The fish were fed daily with a commercial diet containing 30% crude protein at 50% satiation throughout the experimental period. The results indicated that reduction of fertilization rate and nitrogen input have no effect on water quality or production of Nile tilapia in periphyton-based culture. The system gave an average gross yield of 0.86 kg∙m-2 with 92% survival.
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Jiwyam, W., Mapanao, R., & Nithikulworawong, N. (2019). Reducing Fertilization rate and Nitrogen Input have no Effect on Nile Tilapia Production in Periphyton-Based Culture with Supplemental Feeding. Journal of Fisheries and Environment, 43(1), 40–49. Retrieved from https://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JFE/article/view/157235
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References
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9. Azim, M.E. and M.A. Wahab. 2005. Periphyton-based pond polyculture. In: Periphyton: ecology, exploitation and management, (eds. M.E. Azim, M.C.J. Verdegem, A.A. van Dam and M.C.M. Beveridge), pp. 207–222. CABI Publishing, UK.
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12. Bellinger E.G. 1992. A key to common algae. The Institute of Water and Environmental Management, London.
13. Boyd C.E. 1990. Water quality in ponds for aquaculture. Auburn University, Alabama.
14. Dempster, P.W., D.J. Baird and M.C.M. Beveridge. 1995. Can fish survive by filter feeding on microparticles? Energy balance in tilapia grazing on algal suspensions. Journal of Fish Biology 47: 7–17.
15. Dempster, P.W., M.C.M. Beveridge and D.J. Baird. 1993. Herbivory in the tilapia Oreochromis niloticus: A comparison of feeding rates of phytoplankton and periphyton. Journal of Fish Biology 43: 385–392.
16. Diana, J.S. 1997. Feeding strategies. In: Dynamics of pond aquaculture (eds. H.S. Egna and C.E. Boyd), pp. 245–262. CRC Press, LLC.
17. Edwards, P. 1993. Environmental issues in integrated agriculture-aquaculture and waste water fed fish culture systems. In: Environment and aquaculture in developing countries (eds R.S.V. Pullin, H. Rosenthal and J.L. Maclean), pp. 139–170. ICLARM Conference Proceedings.
18. Ghosh, M. and J.P. Gaur. 1994. Algal periphyton of an unshaded stream in relation to in-situ nutrient enrichment and current velocity. Aquatic Botany 47: 185–189.
19. Handy, R.D. and M.G. Poxton. 1993. Nitrogen pollution in mariculture: toxicity and excretion of nitrogenous compounds by marine fish. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 3(3): 205–241.
20. Hem, S. and J.L.B. Avit. 1994. First results on ‘acadjas enclos’as an extensive aquaculture system (West Africa). Bulletin of Marine Science 55: 1038–1049.
21. Huchette, S.M.H., M.C.M. Beveridge, D.J. Baird and M. Ireland. 2000. The impacts of grazing by tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus L.) on periphyton communities growing on artificial substrate in cages. Aquaculture 186: 45–60.
22. Jiwyam, W. 2013. Density-dependent growth and production of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings relative to phytoplankton and periphyton biomass. Our Nature 11(2): 105–115.
23. Khatoon, H., F. Yusoff, S. Banerjee, M. Shariff and J.S. Bujang. 2007. Formation of periphyton biofilm and subsequent biofouling on different substrates in nutrient enriched brackishwater shrimp ponds. Aquaculture 273: 470–477.
24. Keshavanath, P., B. Ganghadar, T.J. Ramesh, J.M. Van Rooij, M.C.M. Beveridge, D.J. Baird, M.C.J. Verdegem and A.A. van Dam. 2001. The potential of artificial reefs to enhance production of herbivorous fish in Indian freshwater ponds-preliminary trials. Aquaculture Research 32: 189–197.
25. Keshavanath, P., B. Ganghadar, T.J. Ramesh, A.A. van Dam and M.C.M. Beveridge. 2004. Effects of bamboo substrate and supplemental feeding on growth and production of hybrid red tilapia fingerlings (Oreochromis mossambicus x Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture 235: 303–314.
26. Konan-Brou, A.A. and D. Guiral. 1994. Available algal biomass in tropical brackish water artificial habitats. Aquaculture 119: 175–190.
27. Kuehl, M., R.N. Glud, H. Ploug and N.B. Ramsing. 1996. Microenvironmental control of photosynthesis and photosynthesis-coupled respiration in an epilithic cyanobacterial biofilm. Journal of Phycology 32: 799–812.
28. Lin, C.K., D.R. Teichert-Coddington, B.W. Green and K.L Veverica. 1997. Fertilization regimes. In: Dynamics of pond aquaculture (eds. H.S. Egna and C.E. Boyd), pp. 73–107. CRC Press, LLC, Boca Raton
29. Milstein, A., Y. Peretz and S. Harpaz. 2009. Culture of organic tilapia to market size in periphyton- based ponds with reduced feed inputs. Aquaculture Research 40: 55–59.
30. Pardue, G.B. 1973. Production response of the bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, to added attachment surface for fish food organisms. Transactions of American Fisheries Society 3: 622–626.
31. Prescott G.W. 1962. Algae of the western Great Lakes area. Wm. C. Brown Co., Dubuque, IA.
32. Ramesh, M.R., K.M. Shankar, C.V. Mohan and T.J. Varghese. 1999 Comparison of three plant substrates for enhancing carp growth through bacterial biofilm. Aquaculture Engineering 19: 119–131.
33. Ridha, M.T. 2006. Comparative study of performance of three strains of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, L., at two stocking densities. Aquaculture Research 37: 172–17.
34. Romaní, A.M. and S. Sabater. 2000. Influence of algal biomass on extracellular enzyme activity in river biofilms. Microbial Ecology 40: 16–24.
35. Sin, A.W. and M.T. Chiu. 1983. The intensive monoculture of the tilapia hybrid, Sarotherodon nilotica (males) x S. mossambica (females) in Hong Kong. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture (eds L. Fishelson and Z. Yaron), pp. 506-516. Tel Aviv University, Tel viv, Israel.
36. Sherman, J.W. and G.W. Fairchild. 1989. Algal periphyton community response to nutrient manipulation in softwater lakes. Journal of Phycology 25(2 suppl.): 13.
37. Sommer, U. 1996. Nutrient competition experiments with periphyton from the Baltic Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 140: 161–167.
38. Stirling, H.P. 1985. Chemical and biological method of water analysis for aquaculturists. Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Scotland.
39. Uddin, M.S. 2007. Mixed culture of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in periphyton-based ponds. PhD Thesis, Wageningen University, The Netherlands.
40. van Dam, A.A., M.C.M. Beveridge, M.E. Azim and M.C.J. Verdegem. 2002. The potential of fish production based on periphyton. Review in Fish Biology and Fisheries 12(1): 1–31.
41. Verdegem, M.C.J., E.H. Eding, V. Sereti, R.N. Munubi, R.A. Satacruz-Reyes and A.A. van Dam. 2005. Similarities between microbial and periphytic biofilms in aquaculture systems. In: Periphyton: ecology, exploitation and management (eds. M.E. Azim, M.C.J. Verdegem, A.A. van Dam and M.C.M. Beveridge), pp. 191–205. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK.
42. Vymazal, J., C.B. Craft and C.J. Richardson. 1994. Periphyton response to nitrogen and phosphorous additions in Florida Everglades. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie Supplement 103: 75–97.
43. Wahab, M.A., M.E. Azim, M.H. Ali, M.C.M. Beveridge and S. Khan. 1999. The potential of periphyton- based culture of the native major carp kalbbaush, Labeo calbasu (Hamilton). Aquaculture Research 30: 409–419.
44. Ward H.B. and G.C. Whipple. 1959. Freshwater Biology. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
45. Welcomme, R.L. 1972. An evaluation of the acadja method of fishing as practiced in the coastal lagoons of Dahomey (West Africa). Journal of Fish Biology 4: 39–55.
46. Yakupitiyage, A. 1993. Constraints to the use of plant fodder as fish feed in tropical small scale tilapia culture systems: an overview. In: Fish nutrition in practice (eds S.J. Kaushik and P. Luquet), pp. 681– 689. Institut Nationale de la Recherche Agronomique, Les Colloques, no 61, Paris.
47. Yi, Y., C.K. Lin and J.S. Diana. 1996. Influence of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) stocking density in cages on their growth and yield in cages and in ponds containing the cages. Aquaculture 146: 205-215.
2. Azim, M.E., M.A. Wahab, A.A. van Dam, M.C.M. Beveridge, E.A. and M.C.J. Verdegem. 2001a. The potential of periphyton-based culture of two Indian major carps, rohu Labeo rohita and gonia Labeo gonius (Linnaeus). Aquaculture Research 32:209-216.
3. Azim, M.E., M.A. Wahab, A.A. van Dam, M.C.M. Beveridge, E.A. Huisman and M.C.J. Verdegem. 2001b. Optimization of stocking ratios of two Indian major carps, rohu (Labeo rohita Ham.) and catla (Catla catla Ham.) in a periphyton-based aquaculture system. Aquaculture 203(1-2): 33-49.
4. Azim, M.E., M.A. Wahab, A.A. van Dam, M.C.M. Beveridge, A. Milstein and M.C.J. Verdegem. 2001c. Optimization of fertilization rate for maximizing periphyton production on artificial substrates and the implications for periphyton-based aquaculture. Aquaculture Research 32: 749–760.
5. Azim, M.E., M.C.J. Verdgem, M.M. Rahman, M.A. Wahab, A.A. van Dam and M.C.M. Beveridge. 2002a. Evaluation of polyculture of Indian major carps in periphyton-based ponds. Aquaculture 213: 131–149.
6. Azim, M.E., M.A. Wahab, M.C.J. Verdegem, A.A. van Dam, J.M. van Rooij and M.C.M. Beveridge. 2002b. The effects of artificial substrates on freshwater pond productivity and water quality and the implications for periphyton-based aquaculture. Aquatic Living Resource 15: 231–241.
7. Azim, M.E., A. Milstein, M.A. Wahab and M.C.J .Verdegem. 2003. Periphyton-water quality relationships in fertilized fishponds with artificial substrates. Aquaculture 228: 169–187.
8. Azim, M.E., M.M. Rahaman, M.A. Wahab, T. Asaeda, D.C. Little and M.C.J. Verdegem. 2004. Periphyton-based pond polyculture system: a bioeconomic comparison of on-farm and on-station trials. Aquaculture 242: 381-396.
9. Azim, M.E. and M.A. Wahab. 2005. Periphyton-based pond polyculture. In: Periphyton: ecology, exploitation and management, (eds. M.E. Azim, M.C.J. Verdegem, A.A. van Dam and M.C.M. Beveridge), pp. 207–222. CABI Publishing, UK.
10. Baffico, G.D. and F.L. Pedrozo. 1996. Growth factors controlling periphyton production in a temperate reservoir in Patagonia used for fish farming. Lakes and Reservoirs: Research Management 2: 243–249.
11. Barnese, L.E. and C.L. Schelske. 1994. Effects of nitrogen, phosphorous and carbon enrichment on planktonic and periphytic algae in a softwater, oligotrohic lake in Florida, USA. Hydrobiologia 277: 159–170.
12. Bellinger E.G. 1992. A key to common algae. The Institute of Water and Environmental Management, London.
13. Boyd C.E. 1990. Water quality in ponds for aquaculture. Auburn University, Alabama.
14. Dempster, P.W., D.J. Baird and M.C.M. Beveridge. 1995. Can fish survive by filter feeding on microparticles? Energy balance in tilapia grazing on algal suspensions. Journal of Fish Biology 47: 7–17.
15. Dempster, P.W., M.C.M. Beveridge and D.J. Baird. 1993. Herbivory in the tilapia Oreochromis niloticus: A comparison of feeding rates of phytoplankton and periphyton. Journal of Fish Biology 43: 385–392.
16. Diana, J.S. 1997. Feeding strategies. In: Dynamics of pond aquaculture (eds. H.S. Egna and C.E. Boyd), pp. 245–262. CRC Press, LLC.
17. Edwards, P. 1993. Environmental issues in integrated agriculture-aquaculture and waste water fed fish culture systems. In: Environment and aquaculture in developing countries (eds R.S.V. Pullin, H. Rosenthal and J.L. Maclean), pp. 139–170. ICLARM Conference Proceedings.
18. Ghosh, M. and J.P. Gaur. 1994. Algal periphyton of an unshaded stream in relation to in-situ nutrient enrichment and current velocity. Aquatic Botany 47: 185–189.
19. Handy, R.D. and M.G. Poxton. 1993. Nitrogen pollution in mariculture: toxicity and excretion of nitrogenous compounds by marine fish. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 3(3): 205–241.
20. Hem, S. and J.L.B. Avit. 1994. First results on ‘acadjas enclos’as an extensive aquaculture system (West Africa). Bulletin of Marine Science 55: 1038–1049.
21. Huchette, S.M.H., M.C.M. Beveridge, D.J. Baird and M. Ireland. 2000. The impacts of grazing by tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus L.) on periphyton communities growing on artificial substrate in cages. Aquaculture 186: 45–60.
22. Jiwyam, W. 2013. Density-dependent growth and production of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings relative to phytoplankton and periphyton biomass. Our Nature 11(2): 105–115.
23. Khatoon, H., F. Yusoff, S. Banerjee, M. Shariff and J.S. Bujang. 2007. Formation of periphyton biofilm and subsequent biofouling on different substrates in nutrient enriched brackishwater shrimp ponds. Aquaculture 273: 470–477.
24. Keshavanath, P., B. Ganghadar, T.J. Ramesh, J.M. Van Rooij, M.C.M. Beveridge, D.J. Baird, M.C.J. Verdegem and A.A. van Dam. 2001. The potential of artificial reefs to enhance production of herbivorous fish in Indian freshwater ponds-preliminary trials. Aquaculture Research 32: 189–197.
25. Keshavanath, P., B. Ganghadar, T.J. Ramesh, A.A. van Dam and M.C.M. Beveridge. 2004. Effects of bamboo substrate and supplemental feeding on growth and production of hybrid red tilapia fingerlings (Oreochromis mossambicus x Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture 235: 303–314.
26. Konan-Brou, A.A. and D. Guiral. 1994. Available algal biomass in tropical brackish water artificial habitats. Aquaculture 119: 175–190.
27. Kuehl, M., R.N. Glud, H. Ploug and N.B. Ramsing. 1996. Microenvironmental control of photosynthesis and photosynthesis-coupled respiration in an epilithic cyanobacterial biofilm. Journal of Phycology 32: 799–812.
28. Lin, C.K., D.R. Teichert-Coddington, B.W. Green and K.L Veverica. 1997. Fertilization regimes. In: Dynamics of pond aquaculture (eds. H.S. Egna and C.E. Boyd), pp. 73–107. CRC Press, LLC, Boca Raton
29. Milstein, A., Y. Peretz and S. Harpaz. 2009. Culture of organic tilapia to market size in periphyton- based ponds with reduced feed inputs. Aquaculture Research 40: 55–59.
30. Pardue, G.B. 1973. Production response of the bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, to added attachment surface for fish food organisms. Transactions of American Fisheries Society 3: 622–626.
31. Prescott G.W. 1962. Algae of the western Great Lakes area. Wm. C. Brown Co., Dubuque, IA.
32. Ramesh, M.R., K.M. Shankar, C.V. Mohan and T.J. Varghese. 1999 Comparison of three plant substrates for enhancing carp growth through bacterial biofilm. Aquaculture Engineering 19: 119–131.
33. Ridha, M.T. 2006. Comparative study of performance of three strains of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, L., at two stocking densities. Aquaculture Research 37: 172–17.
34. Romaní, A.M. and S. Sabater. 2000. Influence of algal biomass on extracellular enzyme activity in river biofilms. Microbial Ecology 40: 16–24.
35. Sin, A.W. and M.T. Chiu. 1983. The intensive monoculture of the tilapia hybrid, Sarotherodon nilotica (males) x S. mossambica (females) in Hong Kong. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture (eds L. Fishelson and Z. Yaron), pp. 506-516. Tel Aviv University, Tel viv, Israel.
36. Sherman, J.W. and G.W. Fairchild. 1989. Algal periphyton community response to nutrient manipulation in softwater lakes. Journal of Phycology 25(2 suppl.): 13.
37. Sommer, U. 1996. Nutrient competition experiments with periphyton from the Baltic Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 140: 161–167.
38. Stirling, H.P. 1985. Chemical and biological method of water analysis for aquaculturists. Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Scotland.
39. Uddin, M.S. 2007. Mixed culture of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in periphyton-based ponds. PhD Thesis, Wageningen University, The Netherlands.
40. van Dam, A.A., M.C.M. Beveridge, M.E. Azim and M.C.J. Verdegem. 2002. The potential of fish production based on periphyton. Review in Fish Biology and Fisheries 12(1): 1–31.
41. Verdegem, M.C.J., E.H. Eding, V. Sereti, R.N. Munubi, R.A. Satacruz-Reyes and A.A. van Dam. 2005. Similarities between microbial and periphytic biofilms in aquaculture systems. In: Periphyton: ecology, exploitation and management (eds. M.E. Azim, M.C.J. Verdegem, A.A. van Dam and M.C.M. Beveridge), pp. 191–205. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK.
42. Vymazal, J., C.B. Craft and C.J. Richardson. 1994. Periphyton response to nitrogen and phosphorous additions in Florida Everglades. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie Supplement 103: 75–97.
43. Wahab, M.A., M.E. Azim, M.H. Ali, M.C.M. Beveridge and S. Khan. 1999. The potential of periphyton- based culture of the native major carp kalbbaush, Labeo calbasu (Hamilton). Aquaculture Research 30: 409–419.
44. Ward H.B. and G.C. Whipple. 1959. Freshwater Biology. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
45. Welcomme, R.L. 1972. An evaluation of the acadja method of fishing as practiced in the coastal lagoons of Dahomey (West Africa). Journal of Fish Biology 4: 39–55.
46. Yakupitiyage, A. 1993. Constraints to the use of plant fodder as fish feed in tropical small scale tilapia culture systems: an overview. In: Fish nutrition in practice (eds S.J. Kaushik and P. Luquet), pp. 681– 689. Institut Nationale de la Recherche Agronomique, Les Colloques, no 61, Paris.
47. Yi, Y., C.K. Lin and J.S. Diana. 1996. Influence of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) stocking density in cages on their growth and yield in cages and in ponds containing the cages. Aquaculture 146: 205-215.