Assessment of Tilapia Cage Farming Practices in Relation to the Occurrence of Fish Mortalities along the Fish Cage Belt at Magat Reservoir, Philippines
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Published:
Aug 1, 2019
Keywords:
Fish cage culture Fish mortality Magat Reservoir Tilapia
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Abstract
The present study was conducted in Magat Reservoir, Philippines, to determine profile and practices of tilapia cage farmers in relation to the occurrence of fish mortality. Eight stations were established: Station 1 (Baligatan), Station 2 (Namnama), Station 3 (Halag 1), Station 4 (Halag 2), Station 5 (Halag 3) Station 6 (Taliktik), Station 7 (Dallaw) and Station 8 (Isla Berde) from December 2016 to May 2017. Results showed that most incidents of fish mortality in cage occurred during the summer season (March to June). Farmers perceived the primary causes of fish mortality in Magat Reservoir to include fluctuating temperature (91.25%) and water quality (83.75%), pollution and predation of birds (each 76.25%), parasite infestation (56.25%) and diseases (50%). Reduced feeding, isolation of the infected fish and proper stocking are the major activities conducted by the fish farmers to prevent the occurrence of fish mortalities at Magat Reservoir.
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Baleta, F. N., Bolanos, J. M., & Medrano, W. C. (2019). Assessment of Tilapia Cage Farming Practices in Relation to the Occurrence of Fish Mortalities along the Fish Cage Belt at Magat Reservoir, Philippines. Journal of Fisheries and Environment, 43(2), 1–13. Retrieved from https://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JFE/article/view/170300
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References
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12. Ling, T.Y., T.Z.E. Lee and L. Nyanti. 2013. Phosphorus in Batang Ai hydroelectric dam Reservoir, Sarawak, Malaysia. World Applied Science Journal 28: 1348−1354.
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21. Ramos, I.P., H. Brandão, A.S. Zanatta, O.P. Zica Éd, R.J. da Silva, D.M.M. de Rezende-Ayroza and E.D. Carvalho. 2013. Interference of cage fish farm on diet, condition factor and numeric abundance on wild fish in a Neotropical reservoir. Aquaculture 414−415: 56−62.
22. Rojas, A. and S. Wadsworth. 2007. A review of cage culture: Latin America and the Caribbean. In: Cage aquaculture-Regional reviews and global overview. (eds. M. Halwart, D. Soto, J.R. Arthur), pp.70-100. FAO Technical Paper 498. FAO, Rome.
23. Roriz, G.D., M.K.dV.C. Delphino and I.A. Gardner. 2017. Characterization of tilapia farming in net cages at a tropical reservoir in Brazil. Aquaculture Reports 6: 43–48.
24. Ross, L.G., L.L. Falconer, A. Campos Mendoza and C.A. Martinez Palacios. 2011. Spatial modelling for freshwater cage location in the Presa Adolfo Mateos Lopez (El Infiernillo), Michoacán, México. Aquaculture Research 42: 797−807.
25. Schmittou, H.R., M.C. Cremer and Z. Jian. 1998. Principles and practices of high density fish culture in low volume cages. American Soybean Association and United Soybean Board. Singapore. 88 pp.
26. Singh, D.R., A.K. Vasisht and S. Kumar. 2015. Profitability and technical efficiency of aquaculture in Punjab, India. Indian Journal of Fisheries 62: 49-55.
27. Syandri, H., Elfiondri, Junaidi and Azrita. 2015. Social status of the fish-farmers of floating-net-cages in Lake Maninjau, Indonesia. Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development 7(1): 1-5.
28. Syandri, H., Junaidi and J. Azrita. 2011. Fish resources management of bilih fish (Mystacoleucus padangensis; Cyprinidae) based local wisdom. Journal of Indonesian Fisheries Policy 2: 135-143.
29. Tonguthai, K., and T.S. Leong. 2000. Diseases of cage cultured fish in marine and brackishwater. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Cage Aquaculture in Asia: 217-224.
2. Beveridge, M.C.M., M.J. Phillips and D.J. Macintosh. 1997. Aquaculture and the environment: the supply of and demand for environmental goods and services by Asia aquaculture and the implications for sustainability. Aquaculture Research 28: 797-807.
3. Costa-Pierce, B.A. 2002. Sustainability of cage culture ecosystems for large scale resettlement from hydropower dams: an Indonesian case study. (ed. B.A. Costa-Pierce), pp. 286-313. Ecological aquaculture the evolution of the blue revolution, Blackwell Science, Oxford, United Kingdom.
4. Eltholth, M., K. Fornace, D. Grace, J. Rushton and B. Häsler. 2015. Characterisation of production, marketing and consumption patterns of farmed tilapia in the Nile Delta of Egypt. Food Policy 51: 131–143.
5. Elazegui, D.D. and E.A. Combalicer. 2004. Realities of the watershed management approach: the Magat watershed experience. Discussion Paper Series No. 2004 21. Philippine Institute for Development Studies. Makati City, Philippines. 31 pp.
6. Garcia F., J.M. Kimpara, W.C. Valenti and L.A. Ambrosio. 2014. Emergy assessment of tilapia cage farming in a hydroelectric reservoir. Ecological Engineering 68: 72−79.
7. Georgiadis, M.P., I.A. Gardner and R.P. Hedrick. 2001. The role of epidemiology in the prevention, diagnosis, and control of infectious diseases of fish. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 48: 287–302.
8. Kashindye, B.B., P. Nsinda, R. Kayanda, G.W. Ngupula, C.A. Mashafi and C.N. Ezekiel. 2015. Environmental impacts of cage culture in Lake Victoria: the case of Shirati Bay‑Sota, Tanzania. SpringerPlus 4: 475.
9. Kampayana, F., S.T. Nguyen and M.H. Le. 2016. Tilapia cage culture in Rwanda: Current status and prospects for future development. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 4(3): 428-435.
10. Kibria, G. 2014. Global fish kills: causes and consequences, Technical Report. pp. 1-5.
11. Li, N., X. Zhang, W. Wu, and X. Zhao. 2014. Occurrence, seasonal variation and risk assessment of antibiotics in the reservoirs in North China. Chemosphere 111: 327−335.
12. Ling, T.Y., T.Z.E. Lee and L. Nyanti. 2013. Phosphorus in Batang Ai hydroelectric dam Reservoir, Sarawak, Malaysia. World Applied Science Journal 28: 1348−1354.
13. Lugg, A. 2000. Fish kills in New South Wales. NSW Department of Primary Industry. 22 pp.
14. Hoyer, M.V., D.L. Watson, D.J. Willis and D.E. Canfield. Jr., 2009. Fish kills in Florida’s canals, creeks/rivers, and ponds/lakes. Journal of Aquatic Plant Management 47: 53-56.
15. Masser, M.P. 1997. Cage culture: species suitable for cage culture, SRAC Publication No. 163. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Cooperative States Research, Education, and Extension Service. 4 pp.
16. McGinty, A.S. and J.E. Rakocy. 1994. Cage Culture of Tilapia, SRAC Publication No. 281. Texas Agricultural Extension Service, The Texas A&M University System. 4 pp.
17. Nofal, M.I., and H.M.R. Abdel-Latif. 2017. Ectoparasites and bacterial co-infections causing summer mortalities among cultured Fishes at AlManzala with special reference to water quality parameters. Life Science Journal 14(6): 72-83.
18. Nyanti, L., K.M. Hii, A. Saw, I. Norhadi and T.Y. Ling. 2012. Impacts of aquaculture at different depths and distances from cage culture sites in Batang Ai hydroelectric dam reservoir, Sarawak, Malaysia. World Applied Sciences Journal 19: 451−456.
19. O’Hearn, R., and S. McAteer. 2016. Missouri pollution and fish kill investigations 2015. Missouri Department of Conservation. Central Regional Office and Conservation Research. Columbia, Missouri 65201. 27 pp.
20. Oidtmann, B.C., C.N. Crane, M.A. Thrush, B.J. Hill and E.J. Peeler. 2011. Ranking freshwater fish farms for the risk of pathogen introduction and spread. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 102: 329–340.
21. Ramos, I.P., H. Brandão, A.S. Zanatta, O.P. Zica Éd, R.J. da Silva, D.M.M. de Rezende-Ayroza and E.D. Carvalho. 2013. Interference of cage fish farm on diet, condition factor and numeric abundance on wild fish in a Neotropical reservoir. Aquaculture 414−415: 56−62.
22. Rojas, A. and S. Wadsworth. 2007. A review of cage culture: Latin America and the Caribbean. In: Cage aquaculture-Regional reviews and global overview. (eds. M. Halwart, D. Soto, J.R. Arthur), pp.70-100. FAO Technical Paper 498. FAO, Rome.
23. Roriz, G.D., M.K.dV.C. Delphino and I.A. Gardner. 2017. Characterization of tilapia farming in net cages at a tropical reservoir in Brazil. Aquaculture Reports 6: 43–48.
24. Ross, L.G., L.L. Falconer, A. Campos Mendoza and C.A. Martinez Palacios. 2011. Spatial modelling for freshwater cage location in the Presa Adolfo Mateos Lopez (El Infiernillo), Michoacán, México. Aquaculture Research 42: 797−807.
25. Schmittou, H.R., M.C. Cremer and Z. Jian. 1998. Principles and practices of high density fish culture in low volume cages. American Soybean Association and United Soybean Board. Singapore. 88 pp.
26. Singh, D.R., A.K. Vasisht and S. Kumar. 2015. Profitability and technical efficiency of aquaculture in Punjab, India. Indian Journal of Fisheries 62: 49-55.
27. Syandri, H., Elfiondri, Junaidi and Azrita. 2015. Social status of the fish-farmers of floating-net-cages in Lake Maninjau, Indonesia. Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development 7(1): 1-5.
28. Syandri, H., Junaidi and J. Azrita. 2011. Fish resources management of bilih fish (Mystacoleucus padangensis; Cyprinidae) based local wisdom. Journal of Indonesian Fisheries Policy 2: 135-143.
29. Tonguthai, K., and T.S. Leong. 2000. Diseases of cage cultured fish in marine and brackishwater. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Cage Aquaculture in Asia: 217-224.