An Enigmatic Caulerpa macrodisca Decaisne (Chlorophyta) from the Mangrove Channels on the Andaman Sea Coast of Thailand
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Published:
Aug 1, 2019
Keywords:
ITS rDNA sequence Macroalgae Morphological plasticity TufA gene
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Abstract
A phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequence data revealed that the morphological Caulerpa entities, previously reported as C. corynephora Montagne (or C. racemosa var. corynephora (Montagne) Weber-van Bosse) and C. ashmeadii Harvey from mangrove channels on the Thai Andaman Sea coast, are both representatives of C. macrodisca Decaisne. The analyzed Andaman specimens formed one of four subclades in a monophyletic C. macrodisca clade that was sister to C. megadisca Belton & Gurgel. Ramuli arrangement of C. macrodisca from the Andaman Sea was mostly in opposite pairs and sometimes distichous. The shape of the ramuli varied from almost cylindrical to clavate or turbinate. No pyrenoid was observed. Caulerpa macrodisca with characteristic large peltate ramuli has only been reported in Thailand from the Gulf of Thailand. Its identity was confirmed with DNA sequence data from a herbarium specimen. It is recommended to refer to the three morphological C. macrodisca entities as ecads; i.e., C. macrodisca ecad macrodisca, ecad corynephora, and ecad ashmeadii.
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Pattarach, K., Mayakun, J., & Draisma, S. G. (2019). An Enigmatic Caulerpa macrodisca Decaisne (Chlorophyta) from the Mangrove Channels on the Andaman Sea Coast of Thailand. Journal of Fisheries and Environment, 43(2), 27–42. Retrieved from https://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JFE/article/view/179167
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References
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20. Kooistra, W.H.C.F., E.G.G. Coppejans and C. Payri. 2002. Molecular systematics, historical ecology, and phylogeography of Halimeda (Bryopsidales). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 24: 121‒138.
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22. Lam, D.W. and J.M. Lopez-Bautista. 2016. Complete chloroplast genome for Caulerpa racemosa (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) and comparative analyses of siphonous green seaweed plastomes. Cymbella 2: 23–32.
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24. Lewmanomont, K. 2008. Some Caulerpa and Caulerpella (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) from Thailand. In: Taxonomy of Southeast Asian Seaweeds, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Monograph Series 2 (eds S.M. Phang, K. Lewmanomont and P.E. Lim), pp. 1‒14. UM Press, Kuala Lumpur.
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Vietnam. Science and Technic Publishing House. Hanoi. 344 pp.
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28. Nguyen, T.V., N.H. Le, S.M. Lin, F. Steen and O. De Clerck. 2013. Checklist of the marine macroalgae of Vietnam. Botanica Marina 56: 207–227.
29. Ohba, H. and S. Enomoto. 1987. Culture studies on Caulerpa (Caulerpales, Chlorophyceae) II. Morphological variation of C. racemosa var. laetevirens under various culture conditions. Japanese Society of Phycology 35: 178‒188.
30. Ohba, H., H. Nashima and S. Enomoto. 1992. Culture studies on Caulerpa (Caulerpales, Chlorophyceae) III. Reproduction, development and morphological variation of laboratory-cultured C. racemosa var. peltata. The Botanical Magazine 105: 589‒600.
31. Peterson, R.D. 1972. Effects of light intensity on the morphology and productivity of Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskål) J. Agardh. Micronesica 8: 63‒86.
32. Phang, S.M., K. Lewmanomont, A. Prathep, D. Largo, S.A. Abdullah, N.A. Han, W.L. Lim, H.S. Nam, R. Andriana, S. Pongparadon, P.E. Lim and H.Y. Yeoung. 2008. Some Chlorophyta of Southeast Asia, with one new record of Caulerpa for Malaysia and Indonesia. In: Taxonomy of Southeast Asian Seaweeds, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Monograph Series 2 (eds S.M. Phang, K. Lewmanomont and P.E. Lim), pp. 27‒32. UM Press, Kuala Lumpur.
33. Phang, S.M., H.Y. Yeong, E.T. Ganzon-Fortes, K. Lewmanomont, A. Prathep, L.N. Hau, G.S. Gerung, and K.S. Tan. 2016. Marine algae of the South China sea bordered by Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 34: 13‒59.
34. Price, I.R. 2011. A taxonomic revision of the marine green algal genera Caulerpa and Caulerpella (Chlorophyta, Caulerpaceae) in northern (tropical and subtropical) Australia. Australian Systematic Botany 24: 137‒213.
35. Rasband, W.S. 1997. ImageJ. U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA. http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/. Cited 19 March 2019.
36. Sahoo, D., Nivedita and Debasish. 2001. Seaweeds of Indian coast: A.P.H. Publishing. New Delhi. 283 pp.
37. Sauvage, T., C. Payri, S.G.A. Draisma, W.F. Prud’homme van Reine, H. Verbruggen, G.S. Belton, C.F.D. Gurgel, D. Gabriel, A.R. Sherwood and S. Fredericq. 2013. Molecular diversity of the Caulerpa racemosa-Caulerpa peltata complex (Caulerpaceae, Bryopsidales) in New Caledonia, with new Australasian records for C. racemosa var. cylindracea. Phycologia 52: 6‒13.
38. Sauvage, T., M.J. Wynne, V.J. Paul and S. Fredericq. 2014. Morphological and molecular clarification of the enigmatic Caulerpa floridana W.R. Taylor (Chlorophyta, Bryopsidales) from the Dry Tortugas, Florida. European Journal of Phycology 49: 370–383.
39. Silva, P.C., P.W. Basson and R.L. Moe. 1996. Catalogue of the benthic marine algae of the Indian Ocean. University of California Press, Oakland, U.S.A. 1259 pp.
40. Stam, W.T., J.L. Olsen, S.F. Zaleski, S.N. Murray, K.R. Brown and L.J. Walters. 2006. A forensic and phylogenetic survey of Caulerpa species (Caulerpales, Chlorophyta) from the Florida coast, local aquarium shops, and e-commerce: establishing a proactive baseline for early detection. Journal of Phycology 42: 1113‒1124.
41. Thiers, B. 2019. Index Herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih. Cited 21 Feb 2019.
42. Thivy, F. and V.D. Chauhan. 1963. Caulerpa veravalensis, a new species from Gujarat, India. Botanica Marina 5: 97-100.
43. Umamaheswara Rao, M. 1969. Catalogue of marine algae in the reference collections of the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute. Bulletin of the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute 9: 37–48.
44. Weber-van Bosse, A. 1898. Monographie des Caulerpes. Annales du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg 15: 243‒401. pls XX [20] ‒ XXXIV [34].
45. Weber-van Bosse, A. 1913. Liste des algues du Siboga I. Myxophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae avec le concours de M. Th. Reinbold. Siboga-Expeditie Monographie 59a, pls I‒V. Leiden. 186 pp.
46. White, T.J., T. Bruns, S. Lee and J. Taylor. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: PCR Protocols (eds. M.A. Innis, D.H. Gelfand, J.J. Sninsky and T.J. White), pp. 315–322. Academic Press, New York.
47. Yeh, W.J. and G.Y. Chen. 2004. Nuclear rDNA and internal transcribed spacer sequences clarify Caulerpa racemosa vars. from other Caulerpa species. Aquatic Botany 80: 193–207.
2. Belton G.S., J.M. Huisman and C.F.D. Gurgel. 2015. Caulerpaceae. In: Algae of Australia: marine benthic Algae of North-Western Australia, (Ed. J.M. Huisman), pp. 75‒102. ABRS & CSIRO Publishing, Canberra and Melbourne.
3. Belton, G.S., S.G.A. Draisma, W.F. Prud’homme van Reine, J.M. Huisman and C.F.D. Gurgel. 2019. A taxonomic reassessment of Caulerpa (Chlorophyta, Caulerpaceae) from southern Australia based on tufA and rbcL sequence data. Phycologia 58(1): 234-253.
4. Calvert, H.E. 1976. Culture studies on some Florida species of Caulerpa: Morphological responses to reduced illumination. British Phycological Journal 11: 203‒214.
5. Carruthers, T.J.B., D.I. Walker and J.M. Huisman. 1993. Culture studies on two morphological types of Caulerpa (Chlorophyta) from Perth, Western Australia, with a description of a new species. Botanica Marina 36: 589‒596.
6. Coppejans, E. and T. Beeckman. 1989. Caulerpa section Sedoideae (Chlorophyta, Caulerpales) from the Kenyan coast. Nova Hedwigia 49: 381‒393.
7. Coppejans, E., A. Prathep, F. Leliaert, K. Lewmanomont and O. De Clerck. 2010. Seaweeds of Mu Ko Tha Lae Tai: Biodiversity research and training program. Bangkok. Thailand. 274 pp.
8. Coppejans, E., A. Prathep, K. Lewmanomont, K.I. Hayashizaki, O. De Clerck, F. Leliaert and R. Terada. 2017. Seaweeds and Seagrasses of the Southern Andaman Sea coast of Thailand: The Kagoshima University Museum. Asahi Printing Co. Ltd. 244 pp.
9. Decaisne, J. 1842. Essais sur une classification des algues et des polypiers calcifères de Lamouroux. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique, Seconde série 17: 297‒380. pls 14‒17.
10. Decaisne, J. 1846‒1864. Botanique. In: Voyage autour du monde sur la frégate la Vénus, Théodore Morgand, (ed. A. Du Petit Thouars), pp. 297–381. Gide et Cie, Paris.
11. Draisma, S.G.A., M.C.M. Eurlings and P.E. Lim. 2012. High intra-individual sequence variationin the nuclear rDNA LSU-5S intergenic spacer in the Sargassaceae (Fucales, Phaeophyceae). Journal of Applied Phycology 24: 1373‒1379.
12. Draisma, S.G.A., W.F. Prud’homme van Reine, T. Sauvage, G.S. Belton, C.F.D. Gurgel, P.E. Lim and S.M. Phang. 2014. A re-assessment of the infrageneric classification of the genus Caulerpa (Caulerpaceae, Chlorophyta) inferred from a time-calibrated molecular phylogeny. Journal of Phycology 50: 1020‒1034.
13. Edgar, R.C. 2004. MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput Nucleic Acids Res. 32(5):1792‒1797. https://www.drive5.com/muscle/. Cited 19 March 2019.
14. Famà, P., B. Wysor, W.H.C.F. Kooistra and G.C. Zuccarello. 2002. Molecular phylogeny of the genus Caulerpa (Caulerpales, Chlorophyta) inferred from chloroplast tufA gene. Journal of Phycology 38: 1040‒1050.
15. Felsenstein, J. 1985. Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39: 783–91.
16. Guiry, M.D. and G.M. Guiry 2019. Caulerpa (J.V.Lamouroux, 1809). http://www.algaebase.org. Cited 15 Feb 2019.
17. Harvey, W.H. 1858. Nereis Boreali-Americana: or, contributions to a history of the marine Algae of North America. Part III. Chlorospermeae. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge. 10: 18‒20. pl. XXXVIII.A.
18. Huelsenbeck, J.P. and F. Ronquist. 2001. MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics. 17:754–755. http://nbisweden.github.io/MrBayes/download.html. Cited 19 March 2019.
19. Kazi, M.A., C.R.K. Reddy and B. Jha. 2013. Molecular phylogeny and barcoding of Caulerpa (Bryopsidales) based on the tufA, rbcL, 18S rDNA and ITS rDNA genes. PLoS ONE 8: 1‒13.
20. Kooistra, W.H.C.F., E.G.G. Coppejans and C. Payri. 2002. Molecular systematics, historical ecology, and phylogeography of Halimeda (Bryopsidales). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 24: 121‒138.
21. Kumar, S., G. Stecher and K. Tamura. 2016. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 33:1870‒1874. https://www.megasoftware.net/. Cited 19 March 2019.
22. Lam, D.W. and J.M. Lopez-Bautista. 2016. Complete chloroplast genome for Caulerpa racemosa (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) and comparative analyses of siphonous green seaweed plastomes. Cymbella 2: 23–32.
23. Lewmanomont, K. 1978. Some edible algae of Thailand. The Kasetsart Journal 12: 119‒129.
24. Lewmanomont, K. 2008. Some Caulerpa and Caulerpella (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) from Thailand. In: Taxonomy of Southeast Asian Seaweeds, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Monograph Series 2 (eds S.M. Phang, K. Lewmanomont and P.E. Lim), pp. 1‒14. UM Press, Kuala Lumpur.
25. Montagne, C. 1845. Plantes cellulaires. In: Voyage au Pôle Sud et dans l’Océanie sur les corvettes l’Astrolabe et la Zelée exécuté pendant les années 1837–1838–1839–1840,sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d’Urville, Botanique (eds. J.B. Hombronand H. Jacquinot), pp. XIV+319. Paris.
26. Nguyen, H.D., Q.N. Huynh, N.B. Tran and V.T. Nguyen. 1993. Marine algae of North
Vietnam. Science and Technic Publishing House. Hanoi. 344 pp.
27. Nguyen, T.V. 2007. Chlorophyta. In: Flora of Vietnam 10 (eds. B.T. Nguyen, L.D. Tran, L.K. Phan, T.V. Nguyen, T. Nguyen, P.X. Vu and K.K. Nguyen), pp. 1–279. Science and Technic Publishing House, Hanoi.
28. Nguyen, T.V., N.H. Le, S.M. Lin, F. Steen and O. De Clerck. 2013. Checklist of the marine macroalgae of Vietnam. Botanica Marina 56: 207–227.
29. Ohba, H. and S. Enomoto. 1987. Culture studies on Caulerpa (Caulerpales, Chlorophyceae) II. Morphological variation of C. racemosa var. laetevirens under various culture conditions. Japanese Society of Phycology 35: 178‒188.
30. Ohba, H., H. Nashima and S. Enomoto. 1992. Culture studies on Caulerpa (Caulerpales, Chlorophyceae) III. Reproduction, development and morphological variation of laboratory-cultured C. racemosa var. peltata. The Botanical Magazine 105: 589‒600.
31. Peterson, R.D. 1972. Effects of light intensity on the morphology and productivity of Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskål) J. Agardh. Micronesica 8: 63‒86.
32. Phang, S.M., K. Lewmanomont, A. Prathep, D. Largo, S.A. Abdullah, N.A. Han, W.L. Lim, H.S. Nam, R. Andriana, S. Pongparadon, P.E. Lim and H.Y. Yeoung. 2008. Some Chlorophyta of Southeast Asia, with one new record of Caulerpa for Malaysia and Indonesia. In: Taxonomy of Southeast Asian Seaweeds, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Monograph Series 2 (eds S.M. Phang, K. Lewmanomont and P.E. Lim), pp. 27‒32. UM Press, Kuala Lumpur.
33. Phang, S.M., H.Y. Yeong, E.T. Ganzon-Fortes, K. Lewmanomont, A. Prathep, L.N. Hau, G.S. Gerung, and K.S. Tan. 2016. Marine algae of the South China sea bordered by Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 34: 13‒59.
34. Price, I.R. 2011. A taxonomic revision of the marine green algal genera Caulerpa and Caulerpella (Chlorophyta, Caulerpaceae) in northern (tropical and subtropical) Australia. Australian Systematic Botany 24: 137‒213.
35. Rasband, W.S. 1997. ImageJ. U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA. http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/. Cited 19 March 2019.
36. Sahoo, D., Nivedita and Debasish. 2001. Seaweeds of Indian coast: A.P.H. Publishing. New Delhi. 283 pp.
37. Sauvage, T., C. Payri, S.G.A. Draisma, W.F. Prud’homme van Reine, H. Verbruggen, G.S. Belton, C.F.D. Gurgel, D. Gabriel, A.R. Sherwood and S. Fredericq. 2013. Molecular diversity of the Caulerpa racemosa-Caulerpa peltata complex (Caulerpaceae, Bryopsidales) in New Caledonia, with new Australasian records for C. racemosa var. cylindracea. Phycologia 52: 6‒13.
38. Sauvage, T., M.J. Wynne, V.J. Paul and S. Fredericq. 2014. Morphological and molecular clarification of the enigmatic Caulerpa floridana W.R. Taylor (Chlorophyta, Bryopsidales) from the Dry Tortugas, Florida. European Journal of Phycology 49: 370–383.
39. Silva, P.C., P.W. Basson and R.L. Moe. 1996. Catalogue of the benthic marine algae of the Indian Ocean. University of California Press, Oakland, U.S.A. 1259 pp.
40. Stam, W.T., J.L. Olsen, S.F. Zaleski, S.N. Murray, K.R. Brown and L.J. Walters. 2006. A forensic and phylogenetic survey of Caulerpa species (Caulerpales, Chlorophyta) from the Florida coast, local aquarium shops, and e-commerce: establishing a proactive baseline for early detection. Journal of Phycology 42: 1113‒1124.
41. Thiers, B. 2019. Index Herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih. Cited 21 Feb 2019.
42. Thivy, F. and V.D. Chauhan. 1963. Caulerpa veravalensis, a new species from Gujarat, India. Botanica Marina 5: 97-100.
43. Umamaheswara Rao, M. 1969. Catalogue of marine algae in the reference collections of the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute. Bulletin of the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute 9: 37–48.
44. Weber-van Bosse, A. 1898. Monographie des Caulerpes. Annales du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg 15: 243‒401. pls XX [20] ‒ XXXIV [34].
45. Weber-van Bosse, A. 1913. Liste des algues du Siboga I. Myxophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae avec le concours de M. Th. Reinbold. Siboga-Expeditie Monographie 59a, pls I‒V. Leiden. 186 pp.
46. White, T.J., T. Bruns, S. Lee and J. Taylor. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: PCR Protocols (eds. M.A. Innis, D.H. Gelfand, J.J. Sninsky and T.J. White), pp. 315–322. Academic Press, New York.
47. Yeh, W.J. and G.Y. Chen. 2004. Nuclear rDNA and internal transcribed spacer sequences clarify Caulerpa racemosa vars. from other Caulerpa species. Aquatic Botany 80: 193–207.