Influence of Seasonal Variation and Anthropogenic Stress on Blood Cockle (Tegillarca granosa) Production Potential
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Abstract
This study attempts to investigate the effects of seasonal variation and anthropogenic stress on blood cockle production by using a model simulation. Seawater, sediment and cockles were collected from Klong Khon district, Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand. Results from field observations were employed to develop a blood cockle production model using multiple linear regressions. Then, anthropogenic stress scenarios were simulated using varying seawater and sediment qualities in the developed model. Results demonstrated that seawater quality and blood cockle density varied among seasons, unlike sediment. The cockle density and production potential were 0.87±0.78 indv∙m-2 and -630±857 kg∙km-2∙month-1, respectively. Statistical analysis by using Pearson correlation coefficient demonstrated that decrease in cockle production was related to reductions in salinity and dissolved oxygen, coupled with increases in temperature and ammonium concentration with rxy values of 0.56, 0.53, -0.73, and -0.57, respectively. The model developed in this study effectively estimates the cockle’s condition index, which reflects cockle health and possibly readiness for reproduction, under environmental stress caused by seasons and anthropogenic activities such as discharge of domestic wastewater and contamination by strong acid in sediment (dumping chemical waste). The model reveals that blood cockles tend to die off when salinity, seawater temperature, dissolved oxygen and ammonium nitrogen reach 3 ‰, 32.4 oC, 1 mg∙L-1 and 4.14 mM, respectively. Results can raise awareness of the effects of water pollution in blood cockle cultivation areas and assist in preventing these effects.
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