Morphological Characteristics and Relationships between Beak Dimensions and Length of Marbled Octopus Amphioctopus aegina (Gray, 1849)
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Morphological characteristics and the relationship between beak dimensions and body size of marbled octopus, Amphioctopus aegina (Gray, 1849) were determined using specimens collected from the Gulf of Thailand. A total of 408 individuals, 207 males and 201 females, were measured and weighed. Their body weights ranged from 7.30 to 120.00 g (39.78±19.05), mantle length (ML) from 32 to 80 mm (54.39±8.97) and total length (TL) from 114 to 305 mm (210.04±32.19). The rostral tips of the upper and lower beaks were brown to black in color, slightly curved, short, and with a small hood. The upper beak of this species has a short wing with large lateral wall. The ratios among upper beak dimensions were 1:2.95 for upper hood length (UHL):upper crest length (UCL), 1:3.64 for upper rostral width (URW):UCL, and 1:3.05 for upper rostral length (URL):UHL. The lower beak has a long wing and narrow lateral wall. The ratios of lower beak dimensions were 1:3.44 for lower hood length (LHL):lower crest length (LCL), and 1:1.25 for lower rostral width (LRW):LCL. Regressions of body size on beak dimensions were statistically significant (p<0.05). The best equations for determining mantle length (ML) and total length (TL) were ML = 0.531+2.108UHL (R2 = 0.704, MSres = 0.238) and TL = 3.574+2.539UCL (R2 = 0.731, MSres = 2.791), respectively.
Article Details
References
Aungtonya, C., S. Sungjeen, W. Tripanickul, K. Bussabong and P. Kongthaworn. 2007.Recent Record of the Class Cephalopoda (Phylum Mollusca) in the Reference Collection of Phuket Marine Biology Center. Department of Marine and Coastal Resources, Phuket. 83 pp.
Chen, X., H. Lu, B. Liu and Z. Fang. 2012. Relationship between beak morphological variables and body size and mantle length of male and female Argentine shortfin squid (Illex argentinus). Journal of Ocean University of China (Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research) 11(4): 539–546.
Clarke, M.R. 1986. A Handbook for the Identification of Cephalopod Beaks. Oxford University Press, New York. 273 pp.
Department of Fisheries (DOF). 2019. Fisheries Statistics of Thailand 2017. Fisheries Development Policy and Strategy Division. No. 9/2019. Bangkok. 92 pp.
Fang, Z., L. Xu, X. Chen, B. Liu, J. Li and Y. Chen. 2015. Beak growth pattern of purpleback flying squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in the eastern tropical Pacific equatorial waters. Fisheries Science 81: 443–452.
García, H.J. 2003. Growth and pigmentation process of the beaks of Todaropsis eblanae (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae). Berliner Paläobiol. Abh. 3: 131–140.
Jereb, P., C.F.E. Roper, M.D. Norman and K.F. Julian. 2014. Cephalopods of the World, an Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Cephalopod Species Known to Date, Volume 3. Octopods and Vampire Squids. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes, Rome. 70 pp.
Kashiwada, J. and C.W. Recksiek. 1979. Beaks of the market squid, Loligo opalescens, as tools for predator studies. California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations 20: 65–69.
Lalas, C. 2009. Estimates of size for the large octopus Macroctopus maorum from measures of beaks in prey remains. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 43: 635–642.
Lu, C.C. and R. Ickeringill. 2002. Cephalopod beak identification and biomass estimation techniques: Tools for dietary studies of southern Australian finfishes. Museum Victoria Science Reports 6: 1–65.
Miserez, A., Y. Li, J.H. Waite and F. Zok. 2007. Jumbo squid beaks: inspiration for design of robust organic composites. Acta Biomaterialia 3(1): 139–149.
Nabhitabhata, J., S. Tuanapaya, K. Tongtherm, R. Promdam and C. Aungtonya. 2019. First record of seven Neritic Cephalopods (Sepiidae, Loliginidae, Octopodidae) new to Thai waters with taxonomic list of Thai Teuthofauna. Phuket Marine Biological Center Research Bulletin 76: 45-66.
Nateewathana, A. 1997. Systematic of cephalopoda (Mollusca) of the Andaman Sea, Thailand. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Aarhus, Denmark. 343 pp.
Nateewathana, A. and M.D. Norman. 1999. On three new species of ocellate octopuses (Cephalopoda: Octopoda) from Thai waters. Phuket Marine Biological Center Special Publication 19(2): 445-462.
Norman, M. 2000. Cephalopods: A World Guide. ConchBooks, Hackenheim. 320 pp.
Promboon, P., J. Nabhitabhata and T. Duengdee. 2011. Life cycle of the marbled octopus, Amphioctopus aegina (Gray) (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) reared in the laboratory. Scientia Marina 75(4): 811-823.
Phuynoi, S., C. Sukhsangchan and T. Saeheng. 2018. Morphological characteristics and relationship between beak dimensions and length of Uroteuthis (Photololigo) duvaucelii (Orbigny, 1835). Proceedings of the 56th Kasetsart University Annual Conference 2018: 659-666.
Phuynoi, S., C. Sukhsangchan, P. Prasopsook and R. Raunhan. 2019. Beak’s morphological characteristics and relationship between beak dimensions and length-weight of cuttlefish. Proceedings of 57th Kasetsart University Annual Conference 2019: 313-320.
Raya, C.P. and C.L. Hernandez-Gonzalez. 1998. Growth lines within the beak microstructure of the octopus Octopus Vulgaris Cuvier, 1797. Cephalopod Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution 20: 135-142.
Rodrigues, M., T. Jesus and G. Angel. 2013. Beak measurements of the Atlantic bobtail squid Sepiola atlantica (Cephalopoda: Sepiolidae): appropriate predictors of its body size and weight. Iberus. Journal of the Spanish Malacological Society 31: 53-61.
Staudinger, D.M., F. Juanes and S. Carlson. 2008. Reconstruction of original body size and estimation of allometric relationships for the longfin inshore squid (Loligo pealeii) and northern shortfin squid (lllex illecebrosus). Fishery Bulletin- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 107: 101-105.
Scharf, F.S., J.A. Bucke, F. Juanes and D.O. Conover. 1997. Estimating piscine prey size from partial remains: testing for shifts in foraging mode by juvenile bluefish. Environmental Biology of Fishes 49: 377–388.
Smale, M.J., M.R. Clarke, N.T.W. Klages and M.A.C. Roeleveld. 1993. Octopod beak identification resolution at a regional level (Cephalopoda, Octopoda: southern Africa). South African Journal of Marine Science 13: 269-293.
Tuanapaya, S., J. Rattanakaminee, K. Tongtherm and J. Nabhitabhata. 2018. Reproductive biology of marbled octopus, Amphioctopus aegina (Gray, 1849), in Peninsular Thailand. Proceedings of The Sixth Marine Science Conference 2018: 195-202.
Wolff, G.A. 1981. A beak key for eight eastern tropical pacific cephalopod species with relationships between their beak dimensions and size. Fish Bulletin 80(2): 357-370.
Xavier, J.C., A.R. Phillips and Y. Cherel. 2011. Cephalopods in marine predator diet assessments: why identifying upper and lower beaks is important. ICES Journal of Marine Science 68(9): 1857–1864.
Xue, Y., Y. Ren, W. Meng, L. Li, X. Mao, D. Han and Q. Ma. 2013. Beak measurements of octopus (Octopus variabilis) in Jiaozhou. Journal of Ocean University of China (Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research) 12(3): 469-476.
Yue, J., L. Bilin, C. Xinjun and K. Staples. 2018. Morphological beak differences of loliginid squid, Uroteuthis chinensis and Uroteuthis edulis, in the northern South China Sea. Journal of Oceanography and Limnology 36(2): 559-571.