Preliminary Evaluation of the Biochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Seaweed Species Predominantly Distributed in Peninsular Malaysia
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Abstract
Seaweeds are rich sources of nutritional and biochemical components. In this study, five marine macroalgal species were collected from the coast of Peninsular Malaysia: Halimeda macroloba, Ulva intestinalis, Codium sp., Hydropuntia edulis and Sargassum ilicifolium. The seaweeds were explored biochemically (lipids, total carotenoids, chlorophyll a and b), their metabolites were identified using GC-MS analysis, and their antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH free radical scavenging. The highest total lipids (4.10 and 3.42 %) was found in H. macroloba and S. ilicifolium, the highest total carotenoids (162.00 and 159.18, µg·g-1) in U. intestinalis and Codium sp., and the highest chlorophyll a content (313.09±2.53 µg·g-1) in U. intestinalis. Codium sp. also contained the highest chlorophyll b (305.29±7.09 µg·g-1) content. Of the metabolites identified from the seaweeds, hexadecanoic acid, stigmast-5-en-3-ol, neophytadiene, and 2-Pentadecanone,6,10,14-trimethyl- were the most abundant. In the assay for antioxidant activity, U. intestinalis extract displayed significantly (p<0.05) higher DPPH inhibition (65.02 %) than the other species at the highest concentration (1,000 µg·mL-1) tested; however, the difference was small. At the lowest tested concentration (200 µg·mL-1), DPPH inhibition by U. intestinalis (58.42 %) extract was also the highest, and differed significantly from three of the other species. These findings highlight the potential of these seaweed species for cultivation as a sustainable source of functional food for human consumption.
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