Fish Diversity, Habitat Preference and Assemblage Patterns During the Dry Season in the Upper Petchaburi River, Thailand
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Fish diversity and assemblage patterns in relation to habitat characteristics were investigated in the Petchaburi River, Thailand, during the dry season and early rainy season (January to June 2019). Sampling was carried out in four stations on the river, from the upper portion downstream to the Kaeng Krachan Reservoir. A total of 5,416 individual fish were sampled from 31 species. Mean abundance was 44.6±40.1 fish per 100 m2, mean species richness was 10.8±4.0, mean Shannon diversity H’ index was 1.75±0.44, and mean evenness J’ index was 0.32±0.05. These indices increased from upstream to downstream. They also tended to increase from the onset to middle of the dry season, then decreased at the onset of the rainy season. Co-inertia analysis indicated habitat preference in some species; for example, Tor tambroides was positively correlated with macrophytes, shade, bedrock, and boulders, whereas Aperioptus delphax preferred high velocity flows in dense vegetation, with sand and cobble substrates. The assemblage patterns were analyzed both for Q-mode (station×month) and R-mode (species) clustering, and habitat specificity of some species was clearly observed. Results of this study are timely useful for resource management and conservation, regarding that the Kaeng Krachan National Park has just been announced as UNESCO Natural World Heritage site in July 2021.
Article Details
References
Anderson, M.J. 2001. A new method for non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance. Austral Ecology 26: 32-46.
Baird, I.G., M.S. Flaherty and I.G. Baird. 2005. Mekong river fish conservation zones in southern Laos: Assessing effectiveness using local ecological knowledge. Environmental Management 36: 439-454.
Barriga, J.P., N.A. Espinós, J.M. Chiarello-Sosa and M.A. Battini. 2013. The importance of substrate size and interstitial space in the microhabitat selection by the stream-dwelling catfish Hatcheria macraei (Actinopterygii, Trichomycteridae). Hydrobiologia 705(1): 191-206.
Beamish, F.W.H., P. Sa-ardrit and S. Tongnunui. 2006. Habitat characteristics of the cyprinidae in small rivers in Central Thailand. Environmental Biology of Fishes 76(2): 237-253.
Capone, T.A. and J.A. Kushlan. 1991. Fish community structure in dry‐season stream pools. Ecology 72(3): 983-992.
Dolédec, S. and D. Chessel. 1994. Co‐inertia analysis: an alternative method for studying species-environment relationships. Freshwater Biology 31(3): 277-294.
Espa, P., R.J. Batalla, M.L. Brignoli, G. Crosa, G. Gentili and S. Quadroni. 2019. Tackling reservoir siltation by controlled sediment flushing: Impact on downstream fauna and related management issues. PloS One 14(6): e0218822. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218822.
European Committee for Standardization. 2005. Water Quality-Sampling of Fish with Muliti-Mesh Gillnets. Management Center, Brussels. 29 pp.
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. 2020. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org. Cited 4 Jan 2021.
Galacatos, K., R. Barriga-Salazar and D.J. Stewart. 2004. Seasonal and habitat influences on fish communities within the lower Yasuni River basin of the Ecuadorian Amazon. Environmental Biology of Fishes 71(1): 33-51.
Hill, M.O. 1973. Diversity and evenness: a unifying notation and its consequences. Ecology
(2): 427-432.
Jutagate, T., S. Lek, A. Swusdee, U. Sukdiseth, T. Thappanand-Chaidee, S. Ang-Lek, S. Thongkhoa and P. Chotipuntu. 2011. Spatio-temporal variations in fish assemblages in a tropical regulated lower river course: an environmental guild approach. River Research and Applications 27(1): 47-58.
Jutagate, T., A. Rattanachai, S. Udduang, S. Lek-Ang and S. Lek. 2016. Spatio-temporal variations in abundance and assemblage patterns of fish larvae and their relationships to environmental variables in Sirindhron Reservoir of the Lower Mekong Basin, Thailand. Indian Journal of Fisheries 63(3): 11-23.
Kunlapapuk, S., S. Kulabtong and P. Saipattana. 2015. Updated checklist of freshwater and brackish fishes of Phetchaburi Basin, Northwest Gulf of Thailand Drainages. Biodiversity Journal 6(4): 837-842.
Keller, K., Q. Allsop, J.B. Box, D. Buckle, D.A. Crook, M.M. Douglas, S. Jackson, M.J. Kennard, O.J. Luiz, B.J. Pusey and S.A. Townsend. 2019. Dry season habitat use of fishes in an Australian tropical river. Scientific Reports 9(1): 1-14.
Lowe-McConnell, R.H. 1987. Ecological Studies in Tropical Fish Communities. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 382 pp.
Mekong River Commission. 2008. Annual Report 2008. Mekong River Commission, Vientaine. 39 pp.
Melcher, A., C. Hauer and B. Zeiringer. 2018. Aquatic habitat modeling in running waters. In: Riverine Ecosystem Management (eds. S. Schmutz and J. Sendzimir), pp. 129-149. Springer, Cham.
Ng, C.K. 2004. King of The Rivers. Mahseer in Malaysia and the Region. Inter Sea Fishery (M) Sdn Bhd, Puchong. 167 pp.
Oksanen, J., F.G. Blanchet, M. Friendly, R. Kindt, P. Legendre, D. McGlinn, P.R. Minchin, R.B. O'Hara, G.L. Simpson, P. Solymos, M.H.H. Stevens, E. Szoecs and H. Wagner. 2020. Vegan: community ecology package. R package version 2.5-7. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=vegan. Cited 4 Jan 2021
Onoda, Y., A. Maruyama, Y. Kohmatsu and M. Yuma. 2009. The relative importance of substrate conditions as microhabitat determinants of a riverine benthic goby, Rhinogobius sp. OR (orange form) in runs. Limnology 10: 57-61.
Pusey, B.J., M. Kennard and A.H. Arthington. 2004. Freshwater Fishes of North-eastern Australia. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne. 684 pp.
R Development Core Team. 2020. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. https://www.r-project.org/index.html. Cited 4 Jan 2021.
Röpke, C.P., S. Amadio, J. Zuanon, E.J. Ferreira, C.P. De Deus, T.H. Pires and K.O. Winemiller. 2017. Simultaneous abrupt shifts in hydrology and fish assemblage structure in a floodplain lake in the central Amazon. Scientific Reports 7(1): 40170. DOI: 10.1038/srep40170.
Srisomwong, M., S. Meksumpun, T. Kuninao and C. Meksumpun. 2019. Energy transfer in Bang-tabun bay from the primary producers to primary consumers. Journal of Fisheries and Environment 43(1): 25-32.
Suvarnaraksha, A., S. Lek, S. Lek‐Ang and T. Jutagate. 2011. Life history of the riverine cyprinid Henicorhynchus siamensis (Sauvage, 1881) in a small reservoir. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 27(4): 995-1000.
Suvarnaraksha, A., S. Lek, S Lek-Ang and T. Jutagate. 2012. Fish diversity and assemblage patterns along the longitudinal gradient of a tropical river in the Indo-Burma hotspot region (Ping-Wang River Basin, Thailand). Hydrobiologia 694(1): 153-169.
Thioulouse, J., S. Dray, A. Dufour, A. Siberchicot, T. Jombart and S. Pavoine. 2018. Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data with ade4. Springer Publishing, Netherlands. 340 pp.
Tongnunui, S. and F.W.H. Beamish. 2009. Habitat and relative abundance of fishes in small rivers in eastern Thailand. Environmental Biology of Fishes 85(3): 209-220.
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). 2021. Kaeng Krachan Forest Complex. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1461. Cited 4 Jul 2021.
Vidthayanon, C. 2017. Checklist of Freshwater Fishes in Thailand. Office of Natural Resources and Enviroment Policy and Planning (ONEP), Bangkok, Thailand. 305 pp.
Vidthayanon, C., J. Karnasuta and J. Nabhitabhata. 1997. Diversity of Freshwater Fish in Thailand. Office of Environmental Policy and Planning, Bangkok, Thailand. 102 pp.
Vlach, P., J. Dusek, M. Svátora, and P. Moravec. 2005. Fish assemblage structure, habitat and microhabitat preference of five fish species in a small stream. Folia Zoologica-praha 54(4): 421-431.
Welcomme, R.L., K.O. Winemiller and I.G. Cowx. 2006. Fish environmental guilds as a tool for assessment of ecological condition of rivers. River Research and Applications 22: 377-396.
Wijitkosum, S. and T. Sriburi. 2019. Fuzzy AHP integrated with GIS analyses for drought risk assessment: a case study from Upper Phetchaburi River Basin, Thailand. Water 11(5): 939. DOI: 10.3390/w11050939.
Winemiller, K.O. and D.B. Jepsen. 1998. Effects of seasonality and fish movement on tropical river food webs. Journal of Fish Biology 53: 267-296.