Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Antifouling Activity from Extracts of Aboveground and Belowground Parts of Seagrasses Cymodocea rotundata and Cymodocea serrulata
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Abstract
Seagrasses have been known to produce metabolites with significant bioactivities, which vary by plant part and age, season, location, and solvent used for extraction. This study is the first to specify the most effective parts of seagrasses and solvents for their extraction. Two seagrass species were used in the present study: Cymodocea rotundata (CR) and Cymodocea serrulata (CS). Extracts from aboveground (leaves) and belowground parts (rhizomes and roots) using three different solvents showed significantly different antimicrobial, antioxidant and antifouling activity (p<0.05). The maximum antimicrobial activities were found for the root-dichloromethane extracts of both CR and CS which showed broad antimicrobial activity against seven and five microorganisms, respectively, with minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of 312.5 mg·mL-1 against Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Bacillus subtilis. The root-70% acetone extract of CS and leaf-70% acetone extract of CR possessed the most effective DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, with IC50 values of 62.1 and 43.96 for CS and 125.8 and 60.60 mg·mL-1 for CR, respectively. The most promising extracts as antifoulants (by their inhibition of byssus production) were leaf-70% acetone extracts of CR and CS, with EC50 of 6.18 and 6.12 mg·mL-1, respectively. Phenol content was correlated with DPPH radical scavenging and inhibition of byssus production (r = 0.468 [p<0.05] and 0.577 [p<0.05], respectively). This study clearly demonstrates beneficial properties of extracts made from CR and CS, and the findings can guide future development of the extracts into safe antimicrobial and antioxidant products and environmentally friendly antifoulants.
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