Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Quorum Sensing Potential of Seaweed-Associated Bacteria from Pulau Bidong, East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia
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Abstract
Bacteria associated with seaweeds are highly diverse and have abundant sources of bioactive compounds. The antagonistic properties of seaweed-associated microbes from Pulau Bidong have not been explored, and few studies have been published on bacteria associated with seaweeds in Malaysia. Six seaweed species (Caulerpa serrulata, C. peltata, C. racemosa, Lobophora variegata, Hypnea pannosa and Dictyota dichotoma) in Pulau Bidong were screened for antibacterial and anti-quorum sensing activities. A total of 26 bacterial strains were isolated from six species of seaweed. It was observed that more bacteria were isolated from the surface of seaweed (epiphytic bacteria) than from within the tissues (endophytic bacteria). Agar well diffusion method was used to screen for antibacterial activity against the marine pathogenic bacterium Vibrio alginolyticus. Results showed that isolates LV Epi 1, LV Epi 2, LV Epi 4, CS Epi 1, and CP Epi 3 had significantly higher antibacterial activity against V. alginolyticus than other isolates. These isolates were further examined by AHL (acyl homoserine lactone) degradation assay to screen for anti-quorum sensing by using Chromobacterium violaceum (CV026) as the biosensor strain. Results showed that isolate LV Epi 2 had the strongest degradation activity. Isolates with positive antibacterial and anti-quorum sensing activities were identified as Kocuria haloterans (LV Epi 4), V. alginolyticus (LV Epi 2) and Exiguobacterium indicum (CS Epi 1) by using 16S rRNA gene sequence. These bacteria associated with seaweed were discovered to be valuable sources of both natural antibacterial and anti-quorum sensing compounds.
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