Effect of Dietary Carotenoids on Survival, Growth, and Carotenoid Accumulation in Mandarinfish, Synchiropus splendidus (Herre, 1927)
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Abstract
The color of ornamental fish is crucial in determining their value, and it is always compromised when reared in captivity. This study aimed to examine the effects of dietary carotenoids from Artemia enriched with four microalgae on growth, survival, and carotenoid accumulation in mandarinfish, Synchiropus splendidus. Artemia nauplii were enriched with one of the following microalgae: Tetraselmis gracilis, Isochrysis galbana, Nannochloropsis oculata and Dunaliella salina. Subsequently, the enriched Artemia nauplii were fed to 60 days old mandarinfish for a period of 60 days. At the end of the feeding period, survival was 100% for all dietary treatments. The growth performance varied significantly (p<0.05) for the various diets. The highest weight gain, length gain and specific growth rate (SGR) were found in the mandarinfish fed with the diet enriched with T. gracilis (weight gain = 0.80±0.58 g; length gain = 0.27±0.02 cm; SGR = 2.98±0.03% day-1). The highest total carotenoid content of the mandarinfish was observed in the fish fed with Artemia enriched with T. gracilis and I. galbana at 1.79±0.32 mg·g-1. The results showed that mandarinfish accumulated the highest amount of beta-carotene when fed with Artemia enriched with T. gracilis (0.39 μg×g-1of wet weight). In addition, all of the treatment groups accumulated the carotenoid pigments, beta-carotene, echinenone, canthaxanthin, and zeaxanthin but in different amounts.
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