Utilizing Hydroacoustic Method to Assess Small Pelagic Fish Distribution in Cenderawasih Bay, Indonesia
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Cenderawasih Bay is one of the territorial waters of Indonesia with high fishery potential. In 2022, the Indonesian Goverment revealed that the bay's small pelagic fishery potential reached 135,140 t, yet the utilization rate remains at only 0.3, indicating underutilization. This shows the necessity of estimating fish distribution in the bay to maximize the use of small pelagic fisheries resources. The hydroacoustic method, known for its extensive survey coverage and minimal environmental impact, can be employed to estimate the distribution of small pelagic fish. Therfore, this research aims to investigate the distribution of acoustic parameters of small pelagic fish using a split beam echosounder, specifically the SIMRAD EY-60, to obtain fish SV value and distribution data. SV (Scattering Volume) values were coverted to TS (Target Strength) values and projected onto a spatial distribution map. The distribution of fish exhibited a varied range of values, with the highest SV value ranging from -59.7 to -57.4 dB and the highest TS values ranging from -59.4 to -46.7 dB. Fish distribution was more concentrated in areas with warmer temperatures and dispersed evenly across different salinity ranges, with a higher concentration of fish detected in areas with elevated chlorophyll levels.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Abigail, W., M. Zainuri, A.T.D. Kuswardani and W.S. Pranowo. 2015. Nutrient distribution, light intensity, chlorophyll-a and water quality in the Badung Strait, Bali during the East Monsoon. Depik 4(2): 87–94. DOI: 10.13170/depik.4.2.2494. (in Indonesian)
Aglen, A. 1983. Random Errors of Acoustic Fish Abundance Estimates in Relation to the Survey Grid Density Applied. FAO Fish, Bergen, Norway. 298 pp.
Allen-Ankins, S., D.T. McKnight, E.J. Nordberg, S.S. Hoefer, P. Roe, D.M. Watson, P.G. McDonald, R.A. Fullerf and L. Schwarzkopf. 2023. Effectiveness of acoustic indices as indicators of vertebrate biodiversity. Ecological Indicators 147(2023): 109937. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.109937.
Bahiyah, A., A. Wirasatriya, J. Marwoto and G. Handoyo. 2019. Study of seasonal variation of sea surface salinity in Java Sea and its surrounding seas using SMAP satellite. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 246(2019): 012043. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/246/1/012043.
Copernicus Marine Service Information (CMSI). 2021a. Global Ocean Biogeochemistry Analysis and Forecast. https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00015. Cited 15 Nov 2021.
Copernicus Marine Service Information (CMSI). 2021b. Global Ocean Physics Analysis and Forecast. https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00016. Cited 15 Nov 2021.
Fauziyah, A. Priatna, W.F. Prakoso, T. Hidayat, H. Surbakti and E. Nurjuliasti. 2018. Measurement and analysis of acoustic backscattering strength for characteristics of seafloor sediment in Indian Ocean FMA 572–573. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 162(2018): 012024. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/162/1/012024.
Harlyan, L.I., F.M. Rahma, D.W. Kusuma, A.B. Sambah, T.F. Matsuishi and S. Pattarapongpan. Spatial diversity of small pelagic species caught in Bali Strait and Adjacent Indonesian Waters. Journal of Fisheries and Environment 46(3): 198–209.
Hatta, M., S. Mulyani, N.A. Umar and Wahyuti. 2019. Plankton abundance and analysis of stomach content and trophic level in Makassar Strait at East Season. International Journal of Environmental and Agriculture Research 5(12): 25–30.
Irmasyithah, N., Y. Haditiar, M. Ikhwan, R. Wafdan, I. Setiawan and S. Rizal. 2019. Thermocline studies using CMEMS data in the Andaman Sea during October 2017. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 348(2019): 012064. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/348/1/012064.
Kolibongso, D. 2020. Water masses characteristics at the Western Pasific Equator on august 2018. Jurnal Sumber daya Akuatik Indopasifik 4(1): 43–52. DOI: 10.46252/jsai-fpik-unipa.2020.Vol.4.No.1.77. (in Indonesian)
Lubis, M.Z. 2017. Acoustic systems (split beam echo sounder) to determine the abundance of fish in marine fisheries. Fisheries and Oceanography 3(2): 555607. DOI: 10.19080/OFOAJ.2017.03.555607.
Ma’mun, A., A. Priatna and Herlisman. 2018. Distribution pattern of pelagic fish and oceanographic conditions in the fisheries management area of the republic of Indonesia-715(RI-FMA 715) during the northwest intermonsoon. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia 24(3): 197–208. DOI: 10.15578/jppi.24.3.2018.197-208. (in Indonesian)
Manik, H.M., T.N. Sujatmiko, A. Ma’mun and A. Priatna. 2018. Application of hydroacoustic technology to measure spatial and temporal distribution of small pelagic density in Banda Sea. Marine Fisheries 9(1): 39–51. DOI: 10.29244/jmf.9.1.39-52. (in Indonesian)
Marine Fisheries Research Institute. 2014. Potential and Level of Utilization of Fish Resources in the Fisheries Management Area of the Republic of Indonesia (FMA RI). Ref Graphika, Jakarta, Indonesia. 199 pp.
Ministry of Forestry. 2012. Marine National Park Information. Ministry of Forestry, Jakarta, Indonesia. 211 pp. (in Indonesian)
Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries. 2015. Profile of the Papua-West Papua Province Conservation Area. Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, Jakarta, Indonesia. 79 pp. (in Indonesian)
Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries. 2022. The Decree of the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia Number 19 of 2022. Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, Jakarta, Indonesia. 7 pp. (in Indonesian)
Nugroho, D.A., and N.H. Muzaki. 2021. Study of surface and vertical sea temperatures during the process of tropical cyclone formation in the territory of Indonesia (case study 2019-2021). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 989(2022): 012006. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/989/1/012006.
Nurdin, S., M.A. Mustapha and A. Lihan. 2013. The relationship between sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration in fisheries aggregation area in the archipelagic waters of spermonde using satellite images. AIP Conference Proceedings 1571(2013): 466–472. DOI: 10.1063/1.4858699.
Pujiyati, S., P.E. Karo-Karo, A.Y.N. Yaman, S. Khairiza, Bendrianto, M.H. Sidqi and R. Rizqyawan. 2020. Targets strength of freshwater fish with single beam echosounder. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 429(2020): 012048. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/429/1/012048.
Pujiyati, S., Wijopriono, Mahiswara, B.P. Pasaribu, I. Jaya and D. Manurung. 2007. Estimation of bottom backscatter and demersal fish resources using the hydroacoustic method. Jurnal Literatur Perikanan Indonesia 13(2): 145–155. DOI: 10.15578/jppi.13.2.2007.145-155. (in Indonesian)
Rivai, A.A., V.P. Siregar, S.B. Agus and H. Yasuma. 2018. Analysis of habitat characteristics of small pelagic fish based on generalized additive models in Seribu Waters Islands. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 139(2018): 012014. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/139/1/012014.
Rugebregt, M.J., R.D.A. Opier, M.S. Abdul, I. Triyulianti, I. Kesaulya, R. Widiaratih, A. Sunuddin and Y. Kalambo. 2023. Changes in pH associated with temperature and salinity in the Banda Sea. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1163(2023): 012001. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1163/1/012001.
Sekadende, B., L. Scott, J. Anderson, et al. 2020. The small pelagic fishery of the Pemba Channel, Tanzania: What we know and what we need to know for management under climate change. Ocean and Coastal Management 197(2020): 105322. DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.105322.
Scoulding, B., T. Ryan, R. Downie, A.S. Ross, J. Myers and R. Kloser. 2023. Variability in acoustic backscatter and fish school abundance at a shallow water CCS site. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 126(2023): 103912. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2023.103912.
Sidabutar, E.A., A. Saritimbul and M. Handayani. 2019. Distribution of temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen to depth in the waters of Prigi Bay, Trenggalek Regency. Journal of Fisheries and Marine Research 3(1): 46–52. DOI: 10.21776/ub.jfmr.2019.003.01.6. (in Indonesian)
Simmonds, J. and D. MacLennan. 2005. Fisheries Acoustics: Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK. 252 pp. DOI: 10.1002/9780470995303.
Suhermat, M., M. Dimayati, Supriatna and Martono. 2021. Impact of climate change on sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration in South Sukabumi Waters. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan 19(2): 393–398. DOI: 10.14710/jil.19.2.393-398. (in Indonesian)
Suman, A., F. Satria, B. Nugraha, A. Priatna, K. Amri and Mahiswara. 2018. The stock status of fish resources in 2016 at Fisheries Management Area Of Indonesian Republic (FMAS) and its management alternative. Jurnal Kebijakan Perikan Indonesia 10(2): 107–128. DOI: 10.15578/jkpi.10.2.2018.107-128. (in Indonesian)
Takarina, N.D., A. Sutiana and M. Nurhudah. 2018. Study of water parameters related to catches of small pelagic fishes at Pandeglang waters, Banten. AIP Conference Proceedings 2023(2018): 020173. DOI: 10.1063/1.5064170.
Wattimena, M.C., A.S. Atmadipoera, M. Purba, I.W. Nurjaya and F. Syamsudin. 2018. Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) variability in Halmahera Sea and its coherency with New Guinea Coastal Current. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 176(2018): 012011. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/176/1/012011.
White, W.T., P.R. Last, Dharmadi, R. Faizah, U. Chodrijar, B.I. Prisantoso, J.J. Pogonoski, Puckridge and S.J.M. Blaber. 2013. Market Fishes of Indonesia (Types of Fish in Indonesia). Australian Center for International Agricultural Research, Canberra, Australia. 155 pp.
Wirasatriya, A., R.D. Susanto, K. Kunarsoa, A.R. Jalile, F. Ramdani and A.D. Puryajat. 2021. Northwest monsoon upwelling within the Indonesian seas. International Journal of Remote Sensing 42(14): 5437–5458. DOI: 10.1080/01431161.2021.1918790.