Intra-Annual and Family-Specific Assemblage of Fish Larvae in the Straits of Malacca
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Abstract
Fish larvae are marine environmental indicators in the nearshore ecosystem. Identifying environmental factors influencing their assemblages offers insights into ecosystem dynamics and supports effective management of commercial fish stocks. We assessed the effects of intra-annual water quality and monsoon-related months on fish density in a tropical nearshore ecosystem in the Straits of Malacca. The study was conducted during the inter-monsoon (INTM) period (March-April) and the northeast monsoon (NEAM) period (October-November) in 2021. Using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) to rank general linear models, we discovered that pH, temperature, total dissolved solids, and monsoon period interactively influenced fish larvae density. These parameters appeared in the top four models (ΔAIC≤2) out of 37 tested. The larval fish families Engraulidae, Ambassidae, Blennidae, and Gobiidae had an occurrence rate of >50% and were classified as 'common'. Fourteen families were classified as ‘rare’, with 12 found only in NEAM samples and two in INTM samples. The fish larvae’s affinity for a narrow range of water quality and specific monsoon conditions informs intra-annual fisheries management and conservation strategies in nearshore marine ecosystems.
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