Enhancing Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Health Aspects and Performance with Garden Cress (Lepidium sativum) Seed Powder

Article Sidebar

PDF
Published: Aug 1, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.34044/j.jfe.2025.49.2.15
Keywords:
Aquaculture nutrition Blood biochemistry Fish growth Fish physiology Hematological parameters

Main Article Content

Shamal Rasul Hama
Research Office, University of Halabja, Halabja, Iraq
Nasreen Mohialddin Abdulrahman
College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
Hawraz Farhad Mohammed
College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
Muhammad Luqman Salh Karim
College of Education, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
Rebaz Omer Karim Aziz
College of Education, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of garden cress (Lepidium sativum) seed powder on the growth and physiological activity of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fish were fed diets containing 0 (control), 5, 10, or 15 g·kg⁻¹ seed powder. Cress seed inclusion significantly influenced growth performance (p<0.05), with the 15 g·kg⁻¹ group showing higher feed efficiency ratio (FER) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) than other treatments. The 5% g·kg⁻¹ group showed significant increases in hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), platelet count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and white blood cell (WBC) count. Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, granulocyte levels, and creatine kinase (CK) activity were observed in the 10 and 15 g·kg⁻¹ groups. Conversely, lymphocyte, glucose, and monocyte levels were reduced in the 15 g·kg⁻¹ group. Other biological indices, including condition factor (K), hepato-somatic index, splenosomatic index, kidney somatic index, gill somatic index, intestine weight index, red blood cell (RBC) count, cholesterol, triglycerides, albumin (ALB), and total proteins (TP), exhibited minimal variation. The findings suggest that 15 g·kg⁻¹ dietary cress seed powder is optimal for enhancing the performance of common carp.

Article Details

How to Cite
Hama, S. R. ., Abdulrahman, N. M. ., Mohammed, H. F. ., Karim, M. L. S. ., & Aziz, R. O. K. . (2025). Enhancing Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Health Aspects and Performance with Garden Cress (Lepidium sativum) Seed Powder . Journal of Fisheries and Environment, 49(2), 200–215. https://doi.org/10.34044/j.jfe.2025.49.2.15
Issue
Vol. 49 No. 2 (2025): May-August
Section
Research Article
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

References

Abdelhamid, A.M. and A.A.A. Soliman. 2012. Possibility of using medical plants in fish diets: III- cresson seeds. Journal of Animal and Poultry Production 3(6): 319–327. DOI: 10.21608/jappmu.2012.82796.

Abdulrahman, N.M., S.H. Abid, A.A. Khidir, B.B. Omer, D.B. HamaRasheed and L.H. BahaAlddin. 2018. Effect of Adding Microalgae Chlorella sp. on Some Biological Parameters and Proximate Analysis of Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio L.. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 12(3): 199–206. DOI: 10.22059/ijvm.2018.244747.1004856.

Abu-Khudir, R., G.M. Badr, H.I. Abd El-Moaty, et al. 2023. Garden cress seed oil abrogates testicular oxidative injury and NF-kB-mediated inflammation in diabetic mice. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24(20): 15478. DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015478.

Abuelgasim, A.I., H. Nuha, A.J.R.J.o.A. Mohammed and V. Sciences. 2008. Hepatoprotective effect of Lepidium sativum against carbon tetrachloride induced damage in rats. Research Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 3: 20–23.

Akl, E.M., F.S. Taha, S.S. Mohamed and R.S. Mohamed. 2021. Characterization of garden cress mucilage and its prophylactic effect against Indomethacin-Induced Enter-Colitis in rats. Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry 11(6): 13911–13923. DOI: 10.33263/BRIAC116.1391113923.

Al-Jenoobi, F.I., A.A. Al-Thukair, M.A. Alam, F.A. Abbas, A.M. Al-Mohizea, K.M. Alkharfy and S.A. Al-Suwayeh. 2014. Effect of garden cress seeds powder and its alcoholic extract on the metabolic activity of CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014(1): 634592. DOI: 10.1155/2014/634592.

Al-Koye, H. 2013. Effect of using Spirulina spp. instead of fishmeal on growth, blood picture and microbial load of common carp Cyprinus carpio. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences 1(33): 27–31.

Al-Rawe, S.D., M.A. Mohammad and A.A.B.A. Al-Farha. 2022. Effect of adding Eruca sativa in common carp on growth criteria, feed utilization and chemical composition. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences 36(Supplement I): 107–113. DOI: 10.33899/ijvs.2022.135758.2514.

Alkahtani, J., M. Soliman Elshikh, K.S. Almaary, S. Ali, Z. Imtiyaz and S. Bilal Ahmad. 2020. Anti-bacterial, anti-scavenging and cytotoxic activity of garden cress polysaccharides. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 27(11): 2929–2935. DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.08.014.

Attalla, R. 2009. Influence of some feed additives on growth rates and physiological measurements of blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus). Egypt Journal of Aquatic Research 35: 231–241.

Behrouzian, F., S.M.A. Razavi and G.O. Phillips. 2014. Cress seed (Lepidium sativum) mucilage, an overview. Bioactive Carbohydrates Dietary Fibre 3: 17–28.

Bilen, S., O. Özkan, K. Alagöz and K.Y. Özdemir. 2018. Effect of dill (Anethum graveolens) and garden cress (Lepidium sativum) dietary supplementation on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and immune responses of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Aquaculture 495: 611–616. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.06.037.

Brown, M. 1957. Experimental studies physiology. Academic Press, New York 1: 361–400.

Chatoui, K., A. Talbaoui, M. Aneb, Y. Bakri, H. Harhar and M.J. Tabyaoui. 2016. Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Lepidium sativum seeds from Morocco. Journal of Materials and Environmental Science 7(8): 2938–2946.

Chen, Z., A. Wu, H. Jin and F. Liu. 2020. β-Sitosterol attenuates liver injury in a rat model of chronic alcohol intake. Archives of Pharmacal Research 43(11): 1197–1206. DOI: 10.1007/s12272–020–01271.

Conforti, F., G. Ioele, G.A. Statti, M. Marrelli, G. Ragno and F. Menichini. 2008. Antiproliferative activity against human tumor cell lines and toxicity test on Mediterranean dietary plants. Food and Chemical Toxicology 46(10): 3325–3332. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.08.004.

Datta, P., B. Diwakar, S. Viswanatha, K. Murthy and K. Naidu. 2011. Safety evaluation studies on Garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) seeds in Wistar rats. International Journal of Applied Research in Natural Products 4(1): 37–43.

El-Gendy, M.S., E.S. El-Gezawy, A.A. Saleh, R.A. Alhotan, M.A.A. Al-Badwi, E.O.S. Hussein, H.M. El-Tahan, I.H. Kim, S. Cho and S.M. Omar. 2023. Investigating the chemical composition of Lepidium sativum seeds and their ability to safeguard against monosodium Glutamate-induced hepatic dysfunction. Foods 12(22): 4129. DOI: 10.3390/foods12224129.

El-Houseiny, W., A.E. El-Murr, N.A. Abd-Allah, et al. 2024. Dietary garden cress (Lepidium sativum) seeds mitigate the effect of aflatoxin B1 contamination on growth, antioxidant status, AFB1 residues, immune response, and tissue architecture of Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture Reports 36: 102040. DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2024.102040.

Gokavi, S.S., N.G. Malleshi and M. Guo. 2004. Chemical composition of garden cress (Lepidium sativum) seeds and its fractions and use of Bran as a functional ingredient. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 59(3): 105–111. DOI: 10.1007/s11130-004–4308–4.

Hama, S.R., N.M. Abdulrahman and N.K. Wahab, 2015. Correlation between heavy metals in water and some health parameters. International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences 5(4): 257–260.

Miyoshi, N., S. Takabayashi, T. Osawa and Y. Nakamura. 2004. Benzyl isothiocyanate inhibits excessive superoxide generation in inflammatory leukocytes: implication for prevention against inflammation-related carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 25(4): 567–575. DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgh051.

Nakamura, Y., N. Miyoshi, S. Takabayashi and T. Osawa. 2004. Benzyl isothiocyanate inhibits oxidative stress in mouse skin: Involvement of attenuation of leukocyte infiltration. Biofactors 21(1–4): 255–257. DOI: 10.1002/biof.552210149.

National Research Council (NRC). 2011. Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp. National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., USA. 392 pp.

Prajapati, M.R., P.H.J.J.o.P. Dave. 2018. Therapeutic and nutritional importance of garden cress seed. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 7(5): 140–143.

Raish, M., A. Ahmad, K.M. Alkharfy, S.R. Ahamad, K. Mohsin, F.I. Al-Jenoobi, A.M. Al-Mohizea and M.A. Ansari. 2016. Hepatoprotective activity of Lepidium sativum seeds against D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide induced hepatotoxicity in animal model. BMC Complement Altern Med 16(1): 501. DOI: 10.1186/s12906–016–1483–4.

Ramadan, S., A.M. Hegab, Y.S. Al-Awthan, M.A. Al-Duais, A.A. Tayel and M.A. Al-Saman. 2021. Comparison of the efficiency of Lepidium sativum, Ficus carica, and Punica granatum methanolic extracts in relieving hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal Diabetes Resource 2021: 6018835. DOI: 10.1155/2021/6018835.

Utne, F. 1978. Standard methods and terminology in finfish nutrition. Hamburg (2): 20–23.

Zia-Ul-Haq, M., S. Ahmad, L. Calani, T. Mazzeo, D. Del Rio, N. Pellegrini and V. De Feo. 2012. Compositional study and antioxidant potential of Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. and Lepidium sativum L. seeds. Molecules 17(9): 10306–10321.