Spatiotemporal Patterns of Eggs of Bartail Flathead, Platycephalus indicus in Coastal Southern Yellow Sea
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Abstract
The distribution of fish spawning grounds is a key factor influencing larval transport, growth, mortality, and early recruitment success. Understanding the spatiotemporal patterns of fish egg distribution provides a scientific foundation for comprehending population fluctuations. This study investigated the spawning patterns and environmental impacts on the egg distribution of Platycephalus indicus in the Southern Yellow Sea (SYS). Data were collected from 27 ichthyoplankton survey cruises conducted during the spawning season from 2013 to 2018 in the coastal waters of the Southern Yellow Sea waters. A two-stage Generalized Additive Model (GAM) was used to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of eggs and their non-linear relationships with environmental factors, including sea surface temperature (SST), salinity (SSS), water depth, longitude, and latitude. Results indicated that spawning mainly occurred from April to July, peaking in May. GAM analysis identified SST, longitude, latitude, and water depth as significant predictors of egg presence, explaining 34.5% of the variance (AIC = 835.22). For egg abundance, SST, SSS, water depth, longitude, latitude, and offshore distance were key predictors, accounting for 55% of the variance (AIC = 778.73). SST was the most influential variable for both presence and abundance, showing a positive correlation with SST below 17 °C and a negative correlation above this threshold. Optimal egg abundance occurred between 15 °C and 19 °C. High egg concentrations were found in nearshore waters. These findings emphasize the importance of monitoring SST and protecting nearshore spawning grounds to support the conservation and management of P. indicus in the Southern Yellow Sea.
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