Dietary Resin Acids Oil Enhances Immunity, Stress Response, and Intestinal Integrity in Juvenile Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x Oreochromis mossambicus) Challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila
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Abstract
The effects of dietary resin acid oil (RAO; Progres®, AB Vista, UK) on intestinal integrity, stress response, and immunity of red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x Oreochromis mossambicus) were evaluated during an Aeromonas hydrophila immersion challenge. The experiment followed a completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatments and three replicates. A total of 90 red tilapia (14.65–15.07 g) were randomly distributed into nine aquaria and fed diets containing RAO at 0 ppm (control), 350 ppm (R350), and 700 ppm (R700) three times daily for two weeks. Dietary RAO supplementation significantly reduced serum cortisol and markedly increased hemoglobin concentrations compared to the control (p<0.05). Hemoglobin levels in the control, R350, and R700 groups were 3.92±0.10, 4.29±0.02, and 4.38±0.10 g·dL-1, respectively. Corresponding cortisol levels were 131.90±27.90, 64.74±3.99, and 63.55±8.66 μg·mL⁻¹, with RAO groups showing values less than half that of the control (p<0.05). Intestinal Aeromonas counts were significantly lower in R700 group (6.06±0.43 CFU·mL-1) than in the control (7.20±0.09 CFU·mL-1) and the R350 groups (7.02±0.14 CFU·mL-1) (p<0.05). Histological analysis revealed that the RAO-fed fish exhibited longer intestinal villi and reduced tissue degeneration in both the intestine and liver under pathogen stress. These findings demonstrate that dietary RAO at 350–700 ppm improves the stress response and protects intestinal and hepatic tissues of red tilapia. Therefore, RAO shows promise as a natural alternative for disease management in aquaculture.
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