Aquafeed Innovation: Utilization of Insects for Sustainable Fish Nutrition: A Review
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Abstract
Rapid global population growth has increased food demand, placing pressure on conventional agriculture and highlighting the need for sustainable protein sources. Aquaculture contributes significantly to global food security by supplying animal protein, yet its expansion is constrained by the high cost and environmental impact of traditional feed ingredients such as fishmeal and soybean meal, which are associated with overfishing and deforestation. These challenges have encouraged the exploration of alternative, environmentally responsible feed resources. Insects have emerged as a promising ingredient in aquaculture diets due to their high-quality protein, balanced amino acid profile, and beneficial lipid composition. Insect-based meals offer economic advantages while reducing reliance on conventional feed sources, potentially improving both sustainability and resource efficiency within the sector. This review evaluates the nutritional benefits and environmental implications of incorporating insect-derived ingredients into aquafeeds and examines their potential to enhance sustainable aquaculture production. The review also discusses key barriers to large-scale adoption, including regulatory limitations, cultural acceptance, production scalability, and logistical challenges. Safety considerations such as microbial risks, allergenic potential, and the accumulation of undesirable substancesare analyzed within current regulatory frameworks. Additionally, existing knowledge gaps, species-specific responses, digestibility concerns, and optimal inclusion levels are addressed, alongside consumer perception and market acceptance. Overall, continued research, investment, and supportive policy development are essential to facilitate the integration of insect-based feeds into mainstream aquaculture. Advancing these efforts can support environmentally sustainable aquaculture practices while helping meet the growing global demand for protein.
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