Effects of Feed Type, Temperature and Light Conditions on Rearing Performance of Ornate Spiny Lobster (Panulirus ornatus) Phyllosoma Larvae in Thailand
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Abstract
The ornate spiny lobster Panulirus ornatus is a valuable but challenging aquaculture species, with larval survival—particularly of the phyllosoma stage—being a primary constraint. This study evaluated the effects of feed types and environmental conditions (light and temperature) on feeding performance and survival of primary phyllosoma larvae. Results show that providing appropriate live feed significantly enhances nursery performance (p<0.05). Larvae in the 1st P stage fed Artemia nauplii (AN) exhibited the highest mean survival from day 3, surpassing those fed with S-type rotifer (SR) or a mixed AN+SR regime. In the absence of feeding, survival dropped with complete mortality by day 7. Notably, 1st P larvae fed exclusively on AN demonstrated the longest survival duration. In contrast, artificial feed (AF) yielded a lower survival, with all individuals dying within 7 days, and combined AN+AF survival remaining below 15 days. Temperature profoundly affected feeding and mortality: at 30 °C, Artemia intake peaked (9.9 individuals·day-1) with the lowest mortality (12.56 %·day⁻¹), whereas 33 °C produced the highest daily mortality. Light conditions did not significantly influence daily feeding or mortality rates. Collectively, these findings advance understanding of factors governing 1st P survival and offer evidence-based guidelines to optimize larval rearing and future productivity of P. ornatus.
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