Effect of Formic Acid, β-Carotene and Vitamin E on Growth, Survival and Prevention to Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Rearing of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Article Sidebar
Keywords:
formic acid B-carotene vitamin E Pacific white shrimp Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Main Article Content
Abstract
A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of formic acid (Amasil® NA), β-carotene (Lucarotin® 10% Feed) and vitamin E (Lutavit® E 50 S) on growth, survival, prevention of Vibrio infection and immune parameters of Pacific white shrimp. In Experiment 1, postlarvae-12 were randomly distributed into six groups and then fed four times daily with the following diets as treatments: 0.3% formic acid, 50 ppm β-carotene, 50 ppm β-carotene + 0.3% formic acid, 400 ppm vitamin E and no feed additives (positive and negative control groups). After 30 days of the feeding trials, the body weight of shrimp fed with 50 ppm β-carotene was significantly higher than those of the control groups, whereas the survival rate was not different among all treatment groups. In Experiment 2, Vibrio parahaemolyticus was added to all tanks except the positive control to obtain a final concentration of 104 colony-forming units/ml. Each treatment group received the aforementioned diets for another 30 days. At the end of the trial, shrimp fed with 50 ppm β-carotene and 400 ppm vitamin E had significantly higher body weight compared to the negative control. Apart from the positive control, the highest survival rate was observed in shrimp fed a diet containing 0.3% formic acid, while immune parameters of shrimp fed a diet containing β-carotene were significantly improved. In summary, dietary formic acid and β-carotene exhibited positive effects on shrimp health.
Article Details
How to Cite
Yowaphui, N., Rairat, T., & Chuchird, N. (2016). Effect of Formic Acid, β-Carotene and Vitamin E on Growth, Survival and Prevention to Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Rearing of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Journal of Fisheries and Environment, 40(1), 1–14. Retrieved from https://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JFE/article/view/80422
Section
Articles
References
1. Adams, D. and R. Boopathy. 2013. Use of formic acid to control vibriosis in shrimp aquaculture. Biologia 68 (6): 1017-1021.
2. Amar, E.C., V. Kiron, S. Satoh and T. Watanabe. 2001. Influence of various dietary synthetic carotenoids on biodefence mechanisms in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Aquacult Res 32: 162–173.
3. Anbazahan, S.M., L.S. Mari, G. Yogeshwari, C. Jagruthi, R. Thirumurugan, J. Arockiaraj, A.A. Velanganni, P. Krishnamoorthy, C. Balasundaram and R. Harikrishnan. 2014. Immune response and disease resistance of carotenoids supplementation diet in Cyprinus carpio against Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish Shellfish Immunol 40 (1): 9-13.
4. Beales, N. 2004. Adaptation of microorganisms to cold temperatures, weak acid preservatives, low pH, and osmotic stress: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci F 3 (1): 1-20.
5. Bendich, A. 1989. Carotenoids and the immune response. J Nutr 119 (1): 112-115.
6. Chew, B.P. and J.S. Park JS. 2004. Carotenoid action on the immune response. J Nutr 134 (1): 257S-261S.
7. Chien, Y.H. and W.C. Shiau. 2005. The effects of dietary supplementation of algae and synthetic astaxanthin on body astaxanthin, survival, growth, and low dissolved oxygen stress resistance of kuruma prawn, Marsupenaeus japonicus Bate. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 316 (2): 201-211.
8. Da Silva, B.C., F.N. Vieira, J.L.P. Mouriño, G.S. Ferreira and W.Q. Seiffert. 2013. Salts of organic acids selection by multiple characteristics for marine shrimp nutrition. Aquaculture 384-387: 104-110.
9. Dasgupta, A. and K. Klein. 2014. Antioxidants in Food, Vitamins and Supplements; Prevention and Treatment of Disease. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
10. Dibner, J.J. and P. Buttin. 2002. Use of organic acids as a model to study the impact of gut microflora on nutrition and metabolism. J Appl Poult Res 11: 453-463.
11. Flores, M., F. Díaz, R. Medina, A.D. Re and A. Licea. 2007. Physiological, metabolic and haematological responses in white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) juveniles fed diets supplemented with astaxanthin acclimated to low-salinity water. Aquacult Res 38 (7): 740-747.
12. Franco, L.D., M. Fondevila, M.B. Lobera and C. Castrillo. 2005. Effect of combinations of organic acids in weaned pig diets on microbial species of digestive tract contents and their response on digestibility. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 89 (3-6): 88-93.
13. Gimenez, A.V.F., J.L. Fenucci and A.M. Petriella. 2004. The effect of vitamin E on growth, survival and hepatopancreas structure of the Argentine red shrimp Pleoticus muelleri Bate (Crustacea, Penaeidea). Aquacult Res 35 (12): 1172-1178.
14. He, H., A.L. Lawrence and R. Liu. 1992. Evaluation of dietary essentiality of fat-soluble vitamins, A, D, E and K for penaeid shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). Aquaculture 103: 177-185.
15. Lavilla-Pitogo, C.R., E.M. Leano and M.G. Paner. 1998. Mortalities of pond-cultured juvenile shrimp, Penaeus monodon, associated with dominance of luminescent vibrios in the rearing environment. Aquaculture 164: 337-349.
16. Lee, M.H. and S.Y. Shiau. 2004. Vitamin E requirements of juvenile grass shrimp, Penaeus monodon, and effects on non-specific immune responses. Fish Shellfish Immunol 16 (4): 475-485.
17. Limsuwan, C. and P. Chanratchakool. 2004. Shrimp aquaculture industries of Thailand. National Research Council of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand.
18. Liñán-Cabello, M.A., J. Paniagua-Michel and P.M. Hopkins. 2002. Bioactive roles of carotenoids and retinoids in crustaceans. Aquacult Nutr 8 (4): 299-309.
19. Liu, Y., W-N. Wang, A-L. Wang, J-M. Wang and R.Y. Sun. 2007. Effects of dietary vitamin E supplementation on antioxidant enzyme activities in Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) exposed to acute salinity changes. Aquaculture 265: 351-358.
20. Lückstädt, C. and S. Mellor. 2011. The use of organic acids in animal nutrition, with special focus on dietary potassium diformate under European and Austral-Asian conditions. Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition-Australia 18: 123-130.
21. Maggini, S. 2010. Vitamins and minerals: contribution to immune function and health, pp. 227-252. In R.R. Watson, S. Zibadi, V.R. Preedy, eds. Dietary Components and Immune Function. Humana Press, New York.
22. Mine, S. and R. Boopathy. 2011. Effect of organic acids on shrimp pathogen, Vibrio harveyi. Curr Microbiol 63 (1): 1-7.
23. Munkongwongsiri, N., C. Limsuwan and N. Chuchird. 2013. Effects of postlarval quality on occurrence of Early Mortality Syndrome in Litopenaeus vannamei culture ponds. In: Proceeding of 51st Kasetsart University Annual Conference, Fisheries section, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-7 February 2013.
24. Ng, W.K., C.B. Koh, K. Sudesh and A. Siti-Zahrah. 2009. Effects of dietary organic acids on growth, nutrient digestibility and gut microflora of red hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis sp., and subsequent survival during a challenge test with Streptococcus agalactiae. Aquacult Res 40 (13): 1490-1500.
25. Niu, J., L.X. Tian, Y.J. Liu, H.J. Yang, C.X. Ye, W. Gao and K.S. Mai. 2009. Effect of dietary astaxanthin on growth, survival, and stress tolerance of postlarval shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. J World Aquacul Soc 40 (6): 795-802.
26. Nonwachai, T., W. Purivirojkul, C. Limsuwan, N. Chuchird, M. Velasco and A.K. Dhar. 2010. Growth, nonspecific immune characteristics, and survival upon challenge with Vibrio harveyi in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) raised on diets containing algal meal. Fish Shellfish Immunol 29 (2): 298-304.
27. Papatsiros, G. and C. Billinis. 2012. The prophylactic use of acidifiers as antibacterial agents in swine. In: Bobbarala V, ed. Antimicrobial agents. InTech, Rijeka, Croatia.
28. Reddy, H.R. V., M.G. Naik and T.S. Annappaswamy. 1999. Evaluation of the dietary essentiality of vitamins for Penaeus monodon. Aquac Nutr 5 (4): 267-275.
29. Ricke, S.C. 2003. Perspectives on the use of organic acids and short chain fatty acids as antimicrobials. Poult Sci 82 (4): 632-639.
30. Rorkwiree, P., N. Chuchird and W. Taparhudee. 2014. Effect of dietary organic acids and astaxanthin on growth, survival and tolerance to Vibrio infection in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamai). KU Fish Res Bull 38 (3): 16-27.
31. Sakai, M. 1999. Current research status of fish immunostimulants. Aquaculture 172: 63-92.
32. Sowmya, R. and N.M. Sachindra. 2013. Enhancement of non-specific immune responses in common carp, Cyprinus carpio, by dietary carotenoids obtained from shrimp exoskeleton. Aquacult Res doi: 10.1111/are.12310:1-11.
33. Su, X., X. Li, X. Leng, C. Tan, B. Liu, X. Chai and T. Guo. 2014. The improvement of growth, digestive enzyme activity and disease resistance of white shrimp by the dietary citric acid. Aquacult Int 22: 1823-1835.
34. Sung, H.H., S.F. Hsu, C.K. Chen, Y.Y. Ting and W.L. Chao. 2001. Relationships between disease outbreak in cultured tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and the composition of Vibrio communities in pond water and shrimp hepatopancreas during cultivation. Aquaculture 192: 101-110.
35. Supamattaya, K., S. Kiriratnikom, M. Boonyaratpalin and L. Borowitzka. 2005. Effect of a Dunaliella extract on growth performance, health condition, immune response and disease resistance in black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Aquaculture 248 (1-4): 207-216.
36. Traber, M.G. 2009. Vitamin E: Metabolism and Requirements, pp. 471-477. In B. Caballero, ed. Guide to Nutritional Supplements. Elsevier, Oxford.
37. Tran, L., L. Nunan, R.M. Redman, L.L. Mohney, C.R. Pantoja, K. Fitzsimmons and D.V. Lightner. 2013. Determination of the infectious nature of the agent of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome affecting penaeid shrimp. Dis Aquat Organ 105 (1): 45-55.
38. Verlhac-Trichet, V. 2010. Nutrition and immunity: an update. Aquacult Res 41(3): 356-372
39. Walla, W., W. Purivirojkul, N. Chuchird and C. Limsuwan. 2012. Effects of activate DA on growth, survival and the total number of bacteria and Vibrio spp. in rearing of pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). KU Fish Res Bull 36 (2): 14-22.
2. Amar, E.C., V. Kiron, S. Satoh and T. Watanabe. 2001. Influence of various dietary synthetic carotenoids on biodefence mechanisms in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Aquacult Res 32: 162–173.
3. Anbazahan, S.M., L.S. Mari, G. Yogeshwari, C. Jagruthi, R. Thirumurugan, J. Arockiaraj, A.A. Velanganni, P. Krishnamoorthy, C. Balasundaram and R. Harikrishnan. 2014. Immune response and disease resistance of carotenoids supplementation diet in Cyprinus carpio against Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish Shellfish Immunol 40 (1): 9-13.
4. Beales, N. 2004. Adaptation of microorganisms to cold temperatures, weak acid preservatives, low pH, and osmotic stress: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci F 3 (1): 1-20.
5. Bendich, A. 1989. Carotenoids and the immune response. J Nutr 119 (1): 112-115.
6. Chew, B.P. and J.S. Park JS. 2004. Carotenoid action on the immune response. J Nutr 134 (1): 257S-261S.
7. Chien, Y.H. and W.C. Shiau. 2005. The effects of dietary supplementation of algae and synthetic astaxanthin on body astaxanthin, survival, growth, and low dissolved oxygen stress resistance of kuruma prawn, Marsupenaeus japonicus Bate. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 316 (2): 201-211.
8. Da Silva, B.C., F.N. Vieira, J.L.P. Mouriño, G.S. Ferreira and W.Q. Seiffert. 2013. Salts of organic acids selection by multiple characteristics for marine shrimp nutrition. Aquaculture 384-387: 104-110.
9. Dasgupta, A. and K. Klein. 2014. Antioxidants in Food, Vitamins and Supplements; Prevention and Treatment of Disease. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
10. Dibner, J.J. and P. Buttin. 2002. Use of organic acids as a model to study the impact of gut microflora on nutrition and metabolism. J Appl Poult Res 11: 453-463.
11. Flores, M., F. Díaz, R. Medina, A.D. Re and A. Licea. 2007. Physiological, metabolic and haematological responses in white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) juveniles fed diets supplemented with astaxanthin acclimated to low-salinity water. Aquacult Res 38 (7): 740-747.
12. Franco, L.D., M. Fondevila, M.B. Lobera and C. Castrillo. 2005. Effect of combinations of organic acids in weaned pig diets on microbial species of digestive tract contents and their response on digestibility. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 89 (3-6): 88-93.
13. Gimenez, A.V.F., J.L. Fenucci and A.M. Petriella. 2004. The effect of vitamin E on growth, survival and hepatopancreas structure of the Argentine red shrimp Pleoticus muelleri Bate (Crustacea, Penaeidea). Aquacult Res 35 (12): 1172-1178.
14. He, H., A.L. Lawrence and R. Liu. 1992. Evaluation of dietary essentiality of fat-soluble vitamins, A, D, E and K for penaeid shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). Aquaculture 103: 177-185.
15. Lavilla-Pitogo, C.R., E.M. Leano and M.G. Paner. 1998. Mortalities of pond-cultured juvenile shrimp, Penaeus monodon, associated with dominance of luminescent vibrios in the rearing environment. Aquaculture 164: 337-349.
16. Lee, M.H. and S.Y. Shiau. 2004. Vitamin E requirements of juvenile grass shrimp, Penaeus monodon, and effects on non-specific immune responses. Fish Shellfish Immunol 16 (4): 475-485.
17. Limsuwan, C. and P. Chanratchakool. 2004. Shrimp aquaculture industries of Thailand. National Research Council of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand.
18. Liñán-Cabello, M.A., J. Paniagua-Michel and P.M. Hopkins. 2002. Bioactive roles of carotenoids and retinoids in crustaceans. Aquacult Nutr 8 (4): 299-309.
19. Liu, Y., W-N. Wang, A-L. Wang, J-M. Wang and R.Y. Sun. 2007. Effects of dietary vitamin E supplementation on antioxidant enzyme activities in Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) exposed to acute salinity changes. Aquaculture 265: 351-358.
20. Lückstädt, C. and S. Mellor. 2011. The use of organic acids in animal nutrition, with special focus on dietary potassium diformate under European and Austral-Asian conditions. Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition-Australia 18: 123-130.
21. Maggini, S. 2010. Vitamins and minerals: contribution to immune function and health, pp. 227-252. In R.R. Watson, S. Zibadi, V.R. Preedy, eds. Dietary Components and Immune Function. Humana Press, New York.
22. Mine, S. and R. Boopathy. 2011. Effect of organic acids on shrimp pathogen, Vibrio harveyi. Curr Microbiol 63 (1): 1-7.
23. Munkongwongsiri, N., C. Limsuwan and N. Chuchird. 2013. Effects of postlarval quality on occurrence of Early Mortality Syndrome in Litopenaeus vannamei culture ponds. In: Proceeding of 51st Kasetsart University Annual Conference, Fisheries section, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-7 February 2013.
24. Ng, W.K., C.B. Koh, K. Sudesh and A. Siti-Zahrah. 2009. Effects of dietary organic acids on growth, nutrient digestibility and gut microflora of red hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis sp., and subsequent survival during a challenge test with Streptococcus agalactiae. Aquacult Res 40 (13): 1490-1500.
25. Niu, J., L.X. Tian, Y.J. Liu, H.J. Yang, C.X. Ye, W. Gao and K.S. Mai. 2009. Effect of dietary astaxanthin on growth, survival, and stress tolerance of postlarval shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. J World Aquacul Soc 40 (6): 795-802.
26. Nonwachai, T., W. Purivirojkul, C. Limsuwan, N. Chuchird, M. Velasco and A.K. Dhar. 2010. Growth, nonspecific immune characteristics, and survival upon challenge with Vibrio harveyi in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) raised on diets containing algal meal. Fish Shellfish Immunol 29 (2): 298-304.
27. Papatsiros, G. and C. Billinis. 2012. The prophylactic use of acidifiers as antibacterial agents in swine. In: Bobbarala V, ed. Antimicrobial agents. InTech, Rijeka, Croatia.
28. Reddy, H.R. V., M.G. Naik and T.S. Annappaswamy. 1999. Evaluation of the dietary essentiality of vitamins for Penaeus monodon. Aquac Nutr 5 (4): 267-275.
29. Ricke, S.C. 2003. Perspectives on the use of organic acids and short chain fatty acids as antimicrobials. Poult Sci 82 (4): 632-639.
30. Rorkwiree, P., N. Chuchird and W. Taparhudee. 2014. Effect of dietary organic acids and astaxanthin on growth, survival and tolerance to Vibrio infection in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamai). KU Fish Res Bull 38 (3): 16-27.
31. Sakai, M. 1999. Current research status of fish immunostimulants. Aquaculture 172: 63-92.
32. Sowmya, R. and N.M. Sachindra. 2013. Enhancement of non-specific immune responses in common carp, Cyprinus carpio, by dietary carotenoids obtained from shrimp exoskeleton. Aquacult Res doi: 10.1111/are.12310:1-11.
33. Su, X., X. Li, X. Leng, C. Tan, B. Liu, X. Chai and T. Guo. 2014. The improvement of growth, digestive enzyme activity and disease resistance of white shrimp by the dietary citric acid. Aquacult Int 22: 1823-1835.
34. Sung, H.H., S.F. Hsu, C.K. Chen, Y.Y. Ting and W.L. Chao. 2001. Relationships between disease outbreak in cultured tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and the composition of Vibrio communities in pond water and shrimp hepatopancreas during cultivation. Aquaculture 192: 101-110.
35. Supamattaya, K., S. Kiriratnikom, M. Boonyaratpalin and L. Borowitzka. 2005. Effect of a Dunaliella extract on growth performance, health condition, immune response and disease resistance in black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Aquaculture 248 (1-4): 207-216.
36. Traber, M.G. 2009. Vitamin E: Metabolism and Requirements, pp. 471-477. In B. Caballero, ed. Guide to Nutritional Supplements. Elsevier, Oxford.
37. Tran, L., L. Nunan, R.M. Redman, L.L. Mohney, C.R. Pantoja, K. Fitzsimmons and D.V. Lightner. 2013. Determination of the infectious nature of the agent of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome affecting penaeid shrimp. Dis Aquat Organ 105 (1): 45-55.
38. Verlhac-Trichet, V. 2010. Nutrition and immunity: an update. Aquacult Res 41(3): 356-372
39. Walla, W., W. Purivirojkul, N. Chuchird and C. Limsuwan. 2012. Effects of activate DA on growth, survival and the total number of bacteria and Vibrio spp. in rearing of pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). KU Fish Res Bull 36 (2): 14-22.