Effect of Microorganisms on Production and Cost-Benefit Analysis of Intensive Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Culture
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Abstract
The use of probiotics and bacterial management in shrimp pond aquaculture can be a crucial element to the success of production. The effects of probiotics on the survival, yield, and economics (cost and benefit) of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) farming in commercial ponds were determined. Six experimental ponds in a commercial operation were used, with three assigned as control ponds (no probiotics) and the other three as treatment ponds (with probiotics) during March-June 2011. The same stocking density and source of post larvae was used and optimum stocking density at 100-125 pl/m2 was maintained. Three major groups of probiotics including Bacillus spp., nitrifying bacteria and hydrogen sulfide oxidizing bacteria were used, either by mixing with the feed, applying directly to the water, or adding to the sludge area. Some water quality parameters were measured and compared between the ponds. Production and growth data were compared after harvest. Yield, survival, mean body weight (MBW) and average daily growth (ADG) of treated ponds were higher than those in the control (2,494±319.88 kg/rai, 73.18±6.47 %, 17.21±0.50 g. and 0.14 ±0.004 g/day, respectively). Whereas in the control ponds, the figures obtained were 1,970± 205.30 kg/rai, 63.15±3.69 %, 15.78±0.61 g., and 0.13 ± 0.005 g/day, respectively. Furthermore the FCR in treated ponds was 1.71 ± 0.03, which was significantly lower (p<0.05) therefore better, than that in the control ponds, which was 2.01 ± 0.10. Water conditions measured by Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) in the treatment ponds increased slowly and showed less fluctuation than in the control ponds. Total organic matter (TOM) appeared to increase slowly in the treatment ponds compared to the control. All other water parameters such as ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate were all within acceptable limits. A combination of probiotics could improve water and bottom soil conditions by balancing and maintaining water parameters, increase the yield, survival and size of shrimp at harvest, reduceng feed conversion ratio and improving the income gained. However more research is needed to improve management practices and discover better probiotics application for more effectivity according to different farming models.
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