Comparative Assessment of Plasma Cortisol and Heat Shock Protein 70 Expression as Indicators of Temperature Stress in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linn.)
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Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Temperature stress Plasma cortisol Heat shock protien 70 gene Streptococosis Gene expression
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Abstract
Comparative assessment of plasma cortisol and expression of Heat Shock Protein 70 gene (HSP70) from gill tissue as indicators of temperature stress in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was investigated. In this study, water temperature at 22, 27 and 32°C was the stressor. Results revealed that the concentration of plasma cortisol responded to temperature stressors at irregular patterns as compared to its response to ambient water temperature. In contrast, fish reared at 22 and 32°C showed significantly higher levels ofHSP70 expression than those exposed at control temperature (27°C), at 3 and 6 hours after stress induction (P<0.05). However, during 12-168 hours, a significant difference in HSP70 expression was observed only in fish exposed at 32°C water. Studies on correlation between temperature and the severity of Streptococcosis infection in Nile tilapia revealed that fish challenged with Streptococcus agalactiae through immersion at 32°C for 21 days had significantly higher mortality than fish challenged at lower temperatures (P<0.05). Accumulative mortality rate of31.67% was observed in 32°C fish while only 8.33±1.53% and 8.33±0.58% were observed in fish reared in 22 and 27°C water, respectively. This study indicated that the expression of HSP70 gene may be an indicator of temperature stress in Nile tilapia. Since the HSP70 is an important molecule of fish that can respond to various stressors in order to regain the homeostasis of the body, results from this study provide valuable information for further research to investigate whether HSP70 expression can be used specifically as a reliable indicator for other stressors.
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Pichitkul, P., Musig, Y., Srisapoome, P., Taparhudee, W., Tunkijjanukij, S., Tabthipwon, P., & Areechon, N. (2015). Comparative Assessment of Plasma Cortisol and Heat Shock Protein 70 Expression as Indicators of Temperature Stress in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linn.). Journal of Fisheries and Environment, 39(1), 12–28. Retrieved from https://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JFE/article/view/80546
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References
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26. Rabergh, C.M.I., S. Airaksinen, A. Soitomo, H.V. Bjorklund, T. Johansson, M. Nikinmaa and L. Sistonen. 2000. Tissue-specific expression of zebrafish (Danio rerio) heat shock factor 1 mRNA in response to heat stress. The Journal of Experimental Biology 203: 1817-1824.
27. Rodkhum, C. and P. Kayansamruaj and N. Pirarat. 2011. Effect of water temperature on susceptibility to Streptococcus agalactiae serotype Ia infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine 41(3): 309-314.
28. Santacruz, H., S. Vriz and N. Angelier. 1997. Molecular characterization of a heat shock cognate cDNA of zebrafish, hsc70, and developmental expression of the corresponding transcripts. Developmental Genetics 21: 223-233.
29. Shoemaker, C.A., Klesius, P.H. and J.J. Evans. 2001. Prevalence of Streptococcus iniae in tilapia, hybrid striped bass, and channel catfish on commercial fish farms in the United States. American Journal of Veterinary Research 62(2): 174-177.
30. Sifa, L., L. Chenhong, M. Dey, F. Gagalac and R. Dunham. 2002. Cold tolerance of three strains of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, in China. Aquaculture 213: 123-129.
31. Sufi, S.B, A. Donaldson and S.L. Jefcoste. 1986. Method manual of W.H.O. special programme of research development and research training in human reproduction. 10th Ed. W.H.O. Collaboration Center for Research and Reference Service in Immunoassay of Hormones in Human Reproduction. pp.57-95.
32. Tsunoda, A., A. Purbayanto, S. Akiyama and T. Arimoto. 1999. Plasma cortisol level for stress management of Japanese whiting Sillago japonica captured by sweeping trammel net. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 65: 457-463.
33. Wendelaar Bonga, S.E. 1997. The stress response in fish. Physiological Reviews 77(3): 591-625.
2. Atwood, H.L., J.R. Tomaso, K. Webb and D.M. Gatlin. 2003. Low-temperature tolerance of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus: effects of environmental and dietary factors. Aquaculture Research 34: 241-251.
3. Barton, B.A. 2002. Stress in fishes: A diversity of responses with particular reference to changes in circulating corticosteroids. Integrative and Comparative Biology 42: 517-525.
4. Basu, N., T. Nakano, E.G. Grau and G.K. Iwama. 2001.The effects of cortisol on heat shockprotein 70 levels in two fish species. General and Comparative Endocrinology 124: 97-105.
5. Charo-Karisa, H., M.A. Rezk, H. Bovenhuis and H. Komen. 2005. Heritability of cold tolerance in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, juveniles. Aquaculture 249: 115-123.
6. Cleary, J.J., S.C. Battaglene and N.W. Pankhurst. 2002. Capture and handling stress affects the endocrine and ovulatory response to exogenous hormone treatment in snapper, Pagrus auratus (Bloch & Schneider). Aquaculture Research 33: 829-838.
7. Cooper, G.M. 2000. The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 2nd ed. Sinauer Associates Inc., Washington, D.C.
8. Department of Fisheries. 2012. Fishery Statistics of Thailand 2010. Information Technology Center, Department of Fisheries, Bangkok, Thailand. No. 12/2012.
9. Fader, S.C., Z. Yu and J.R. Spotila. 1994. Seasonal variation in heat shock proteins (hsp70) in stream fish under natural conditions. Journal of Thermal Biology 19: 335-341.
10. Fiess, J.C., A. Kunkel-Patterson, L. Mathias, L.G. Riley, P.H. Yancey, T. Hirano and E.G. Grau. 2007. Effects of environmental salinity and temperature on osmoregulatory ability, organic osmolytes, and plasma hormone profiles in the Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 146: 252-294.
11. Forreiter,C. and L. Nover. 1998. Heat induced stress proteins and the concept of molecular chaperone. Journal of Bioscience 23: 287-302.
12. Iwama, G.K., L.O.B. Afonso, A. Todgham, P. Ackerman and K. Nakano. 2004. Are HSPs suitable for indicating stressed states in fish? The Journal of Experimental Biology 207(1): 15-19.
13. Iwama, L.O. Afonso and M.M. Vijayan. 2006. Stress in fishes, pp. 392-342. In E.D. Evan and J.B. Claiborne, eds. The Physiology of fishes 3rd edition. Taylor and Francis, USA.
14. Iwama, P.T. Thomas, R.B. Forsyh and M.M. Vijayn. 1998. Heat Shock Protein expression In fish. Review in Fish Biology and Fisheries 8: 35-56.
15. Lele, Z., S. Engel and P.H. Krone. 1997. Hsp47 and hsp70 gene expression is differentially regulated in a stress- and tissue-specific manner in zebrafish embryos. Developmental Genetics 21: 123-133.
16. Likongwe, J.S., T.D. Stecko, J.R. Stauffer and R.F. Carline. 1996. Combined effects of water temperature and salinity on growth and feed utilization of juvenile Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linneaus). Aquaculture 146: 37-46.
17. Mazeaud, M.M, F. Mazeaud and E.M. Donaldson. 1977. Primary and secondary effect of stress in fish: some new data with a general review. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 160: 201-202.
18. Mazur, C.F. 1996. The heat shock protein response and physiological stress in aquatic organisms. Ph.D. Thesis, The University of British Columbia
19. Mommsen, T. P., Vijayan, M. M. and T.W. Moon. 1999. Cortisol in teleosts: dynamics, mechanisms of action, and metabolic regulation. Review in Fish Biology and Fisheries 9: 211-268.
20. Morales, A.E., G. Cardenete, E. Abellán and L. García-Rejón. 2005. Stress-related physiological responses to handling in common dentex (Dentex dentex Linnaeus, 1758). Aquaculture Research 36(1): 33-40.
21. Morimoto, R.I, A. Tissisere and C. Georgopoulos. 1994. Stress Proteins in Biology and Medicine. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York.
22. Nakano, K. and G.K. Iwama. 2002. The 70 -kDa heat shock protein response in two intertidal sculpins, Oligocottus maculosus and O. snyderi: relationship of hsp70 and thermal tolerance. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 133: 79-94.
23. Pickering, A.D. 1981. Introduction: the concept of biological stress, pp. 1-9. In A.D. Pickering, ed. Stress and Fish. Academic Press Inc., London.
24. Philippart, J.C.L and J.C.L. Ruwet. 1982. Ecology and Distribution of Tilapias, pp.15-60. In R.S.V Pullin and R.H. Lowe-McConnell, eds. The Biology and Culture of Tilapias,. International Centre for Living Aquatic Resources Management. (ICRAM) conference proceedings.
25. Pottinger, T.G. 1998. Changes in blood cortisol, glucose and lactate in carp retained in anglers keepnets. Journal of Fish Biology 53(4): 728-742.
26. Rabergh, C.M.I., S. Airaksinen, A. Soitomo, H.V. Bjorklund, T. Johansson, M. Nikinmaa and L. Sistonen. 2000. Tissue-specific expression of zebrafish (Danio rerio) heat shock factor 1 mRNA in response to heat stress. The Journal of Experimental Biology 203: 1817-1824.
27. Rodkhum, C. and P. Kayansamruaj and N. Pirarat. 2011. Effect of water temperature on susceptibility to Streptococcus agalactiae serotype Ia infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine 41(3): 309-314.
28. Santacruz, H., S. Vriz and N. Angelier. 1997. Molecular characterization of a heat shock cognate cDNA of zebrafish, hsc70, and developmental expression of the corresponding transcripts. Developmental Genetics 21: 223-233.
29. Shoemaker, C.A., Klesius, P.H. and J.J. Evans. 2001. Prevalence of Streptococcus iniae in tilapia, hybrid striped bass, and channel catfish on commercial fish farms in the United States. American Journal of Veterinary Research 62(2): 174-177.
30. Sifa, L., L. Chenhong, M. Dey, F. Gagalac and R. Dunham. 2002. Cold tolerance of three strains of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, in China. Aquaculture 213: 123-129.
31. Sufi, S.B, A. Donaldson and S.L. Jefcoste. 1986. Method manual of W.H.O. special programme of research development and research training in human reproduction. 10th Ed. W.H.O. Collaboration Center for Research and Reference Service in Immunoassay of Hormones in Human Reproduction. pp.57-95.
32. Tsunoda, A., A. Purbayanto, S. Akiyama and T. Arimoto. 1999. Plasma cortisol level for stress management of Japanese whiting Sillago japonica captured by sweeping trammel net. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 65: 457-463.
33. Wendelaar Bonga, S.E. 1997. The stress response in fish. Physiological Reviews 77(3): 591-625.