Effect of Feeding Frequency on Growth, Survival, Water and Bottom Soil Qualities in Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus pelagicus) Pond Culture Systems
Article Sidebar
Keywords:
Portunus pelagicus feeding frequency growth survival water and soil qualities
Main Article Content
Abstract
The objective of this study was to improve blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus, rearing techniques by investigating the feeding frequency on crab survival and changing the properties of the crab pond bottom soil. Crabs were reared under simulated earthen pond conditions in 1.5x2.5x1.2 m2 concrete ponds for 120 days, at a density of 5 crabs/m2. During the culture period of 1-30, 31-60 and 61-120 days, crabs were fed with shrimp feed (STARTEQCTM) No. 2, No. 4S and No. 4 at 30%, 5% and 3% of body weight per day, respectively. Results showed that the survival rate of crabs fed 2 times (9.00 AM and 3.00 PM; control) and 4 times (7.00 AM, 1.00 PM, 7.00 PM and 11.00 PM) per day were not significantly different, and were higher than those fed 6 times (7.00 AM, 11.00 AM, 3.00 PM, 7.00 PM, 11.00 PM and 3.00 AM) per day. This was especially true during the 60 to 105 days culture period. Feeding frequencies of 2, 4 and 6 times per day did not affect water quality, average daily growth and feed conversion ratio of the crabs. In addition, feeding frequencies of 2, 4 and 6 times per day did not effect changes in organic matter concentration, soil pH and sulfide concentration in the crab pond bottom soil. However, ammonia concentration in the pond bottom soil with the feeding frequency of 6 times per day was higher than with those fed 2 and 4 times per day, especially during 30 to 90 days of culture. This study recommends that a feeding frequency of 2 or 4 times per day is optimal for blue swimming crab culture and does not affect the quality of water and soil in the crab pond.
Article Details
How to Cite
Oniam, V., Taparhudee, W., & Nimitkul, S. (2016). Effect of Feeding Frequency on Growth, Survival, Water and Bottom Soil Qualities in Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus pelagicus) Pond Culture Systems. Journal of Fisheries and Environment, 40(2), 17–28. Retrieved from https://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JFE/article/view/80916
Section
Articles
References
1. Allen, H.E., G. Fu and B. Deng. 1993. Analysis of acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) for the estimation of potential toxicity in aquatic sediments. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 12 (8): 1441-1453.
2. American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Environment Federation. 2005. Standard methods for the examination of water andwastewater 21th ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, USA.
3. Arkronrat, W. and V. Oniam. 2012. Effects of a diatom Thalassiosira spp. on survival rate and development of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) larvae from zoea I to IV stages. Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal 40: 61-68.
4. Boyd, C.E. 1995. Bottom soil sediment and pond aquaculture. Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquaculture University, Alabama, USA.
5. Chaiyawat, M., I. Eungrasamee and N. Raksakulthai. 2008. Quality characteristics of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus, Linnaeus 1758) meat fed Gracilaria edulis (Gmelin) silva. Kasetsart Journal (Natural Science) 42: 522-530.
6. Chareonpanich, C. and S. Seurungreong. 1997. Some physicals and chemicals characteristics of bottom sediments in the south china sea, Area I :Gulf of Thailand and the east coast of Pennisular Malasia. pp. 12-33. In Proceeding of The 1st Technical Seminar the Marine Fishery Resources Survey in the South China Sea Area I (Gulf of Thailand East Coast of the Pennisular Malaysia). Bangkok, Thailand.
7. Chuan, L.L. and I. Sugahara. 1984. A manual on chemical analysis of coastal water and bottom sediment. Primacy Production Department/Marine Fisheries Research Department, SEAFDEC, Singapore.
8. Department of Fisheries. 2015. Fisheries statistics of Thailand 2013. Information Technology Center, Department of Fisheries, Technical paper No.7/2015.
9. FAQ. 2009. Globefish commodity update: Crab. Fishery Industries Division, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy.
10. Josileen, J. and N.G. Menon. 2005. Growth of the blue swimmer crab, Portunus pelagicus, in captivity. Crustaceana 78 (1): 1-18.
11. Kedmuean, K., K. Koolkaew and S. Jilmhan. 2004. Rearing of blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) in earthen ponds. Songkhla Fisheries Research and Development Center, Coastal Fisheries Research and Development Bureau, Department of Fisheries, Technical paper No. 38/2004.
12. Kumar, P., K.L. Jetani, S.I. Yusuzai, A.N. Sayani, S.A. Dar and M.A. Rather. 2012. Effect of sediment and water quality parameters on the productivity of coastal shrimp farm. Advances in Applied Science Research 3 (4): 2033-2041.
13. Lignot, J.H., C. Spanings-Pierrot and G. Charmantier. 2000. Osmoregulatory capacity as a tool in monitoring the physiological condition and the effect of stress in crustaceans. Aquaculture 191: 209-245.
14. Maheswarudu, G., J. Jose, K.R. Manmadhan Nair, M.R. Arputharaj, A. Ramakrishna, A. Vairamani and N. Ramamoorthy. 2008. Evalution of the seed production and grow out culture of blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) in India. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences 37 (3): 313-321.
15. Marshall, S., K. Warburton, B. Paterson and D. Mann. 2005. Cannibalism in juvenile blue-swimmer crab Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1766): effects of body size, moult stage and refuge availability. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 90: 65-82.
16. Munsiri, P., C.E. Boyd and B.F. Hajek. 1995. Physical and chemical characteristics of bottom soil profiles in ponds at Auburn, Alabama, USA, and a proposed method for describing pond soil horizons. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 26: 346-377.
17. Nair, R.J. and M. Sridhar. 2003. Optimum ration size and feeding frequency for post larval Penaeus indicus (H. Milne Edwards). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India 45: 186-194.
18. Oniam, V. 2011. Study on mortality causes of cultured blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus, 1758) in earthen ponds. Master thesis, Kasetsart University, Thailand.
19. Oniam, V. and W. Arkronrat. 2013. Development of crab farming: The complete cycle of blue swimming crab culture program (CBSC Program) in Thailand. Kasetsart University Fisheries Research Bulletin 37 (2): 31-43.
20. Oniam, V., W. Arkronrat, L. Chuchit, K. Kessuwan and R. Orachuno. 2011a. A financial analysis of complete cycle blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus ) culture. Thai Fisheries Gazette 64 (2): 151-158.
21. Oniam, V., W. Arkronrat and T. Wechakama. 2012. Feed intake and survival rate assessment of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) raised in earthen pond. Journal of Agriculture 28 (1): 83-91.
22. Oniam, V., W. Taparhudee, S. Tunkijjanukij and Y. Musig. 2011b. Mortality rate of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) caused by cannibalism. Kasetsart University Fisheries Research Bulletin 35 (2): 1-13.
23. Rebelo, M.F., E.M. Rodriguez, E.A. Santos and M. Ansaldo. 2000. Histopathological changes in gills of the esturaine crab Chasmagnathus granulata (Crustacea-Decapoda) following acute exposure to ammonia Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C 125: 157-164.
24. Robertson, L., A.L. Lawrence and F.L. Castille. 1993. Effects of feeding frequency and feeding time on growth of Penaeus monodon (Boone). Aquaculture and Fisheries Management 24: 1-6.
25. Romano, N. and C. Zeng. 2006. The effects of salinity on the survival, growth and haemolymph osmolality of early juvenile blue swimmer crab, Porlunus pelagicus. Aquaculture 260: 151- 162.
26. Romano, N. and C. Zeng. 2007. Ontogenetic changes in tolerance to acute ammonia exposure and associated gill histological alterations during early juvenile development of the blue swimmer crab, Portunus pelagicus. Aquaculture 266: 246-254.
27. Romano, N. and C. Zeng. 2008. Blue swimmer crabs - emerging species in Asia. Global Aquaculture Advocate 11: 34-36
28. Romano, N and C. Zeng. 2010. Survival, osmoregulation and ammonia-N of blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus, juveniles exposed to different ammonia-N and salinity combinations. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C 151: 222-228.
29. Shelley, C. and A. Lovatelli. 2011. Mud crab aquaculture: A practical manual. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper, Rome. No. 567.
30. Soundarapandian, P. and S. DominicAru1 Raja. 2008. Fattening of the blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus). Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 3:97-101.
31. Thepphanich, A. and S. Chumworathayi. 2005. The culture of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus, 1758) at different densities in the earthen ponds. Surathani Coastal Fisheries Research and Development Center, Coastal Fisheries Research and Development Bureau, Department of Fisheries, Technical paper No. 16/2005.
32. Thepphanich, A., S. Noouseng, N. Wongwiwat and S. Chumworathayi. 2008. Culture of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus , Linnaeus, 1758)with three different feeds in earthen ponds. Coastal Fisheries Research and Development Bureau, Department of Fisheries, Technical paper No. 44/2008.
33. Thunjai, T., C.E. Boyd and K. Dube. 2001. Pond soil pH measurement. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 32: 141-152.
2. American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Environment Federation. 2005. Standard methods for the examination of water andwastewater 21th ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, USA.
3. Arkronrat, W. and V. Oniam. 2012. Effects of a diatom Thalassiosira spp. on survival rate and development of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) larvae from zoea I to IV stages. Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal 40: 61-68.
4. Boyd, C.E. 1995. Bottom soil sediment and pond aquaculture. Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquaculture University, Alabama, USA.
5. Chaiyawat, M., I. Eungrasamee and N. Raksakulthai. 2008. Quality characteristics of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus, Linnaeus 1758) meat fed Gracilaria edulis (Gmelin) silva. Kasetsart Journal (Natural Science) 42: 522-530.
6. Chareonpanich, C. and S. Seurungreong. 1997. Some physicals and chemicals characteristics of bottom sediments in the south china sea, Area I :Gulf of Thailand and the east coast of Pennisular Malasia. pp. 12-33. In Proceeding of The 1st Technical Seminar the Marine Fishery Resources Survey in the South China Sea Area I (Gulf of Thailand East Coast of the Pennisular Malaysia). Bangkok, Thailand.
7. Chuan, L.L. and I. Sugahara. 1984. A manual on chemical analysis of coastal water and bottom sediment. Primacy Production Department/Marine Fisheries Research Department, SEAFDEC, Singapore.
8. Department of Fisheries. 2015. Fisheries statistics of Thailand 2013. Information Technology Center, Department of Fisheries, Technical paper No.7/2015.
9. FAQ. 2009. Globefish commodity update: Crab. Fishery Industries Division, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy.
10. Josileen, J. and N.G. Menon. 2005. Growth of the blue swimmer crab, Portunus pelagicus, in captivity. Crustaceana 78 (1): 1-18.
11. Kedmuean, K., K. Koolkaew and S. Jilmhan. 2004. Rearing of blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) in earthen ponds. Songkhla Fisheries Research and Development Center, Coastal Fisheries Research and Development Bureau, Department of Fisheries, Technical paper No. 38/2004.
12. Kumar, P., K.L. Jetani, S.I. Yusuzai, A.N. Sayani, S.A. Dar and M.A. Rather. 2012. Effect of sediment and water quality parameters on the productivity of coastal shrimp farm. Advances in Applied Science Research 3 (4): 2033-2041.
13. Lignot, J.H., C. Spanings-Pierrot and G. Charmantier. 2000. Osmoregulatory capacity as a tool in monitoring the physiological condition and the effect of stress in crustaceans. Aquaculture 191: 209-245.
14. Maheswarudu, G., J. Jose, K.R. Manmadhan Nair, M.R. Arputharaj, A. Ramakrishna, A. Vairamani and N. Ramamoorthy. 2008. Evalution of the seed production and grow out culture of blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) in India. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences 37 (3): 313-321.
15. Marshall, S., K. Warburton, B. Paterson and D. Mann. 2005. Cannibalism in juvenile blue-swimmer crab Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1766): effects of body size, moult stage and refuge availability. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 90: 65-82.
16. Munsiri, P., C.E. Boyd and B.F. Hajek. 1995. Physical and chemical characteristics of bottom soil profiles in ponds at Auburn, Alabama, USA, and a proposed method for describing pond soil horizons. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 26: 346-377.
17. Nair, R.J. and M. Sridhar. 2003. Optimum ration size and feeding frequency for post larval Penaeus indicus (H. Milne Edwards). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India 45: 186-194.
18. Oniam, V. 2011. Study on mortality causes of cultured blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus, 1758) in earthen ponds. Master thesis, Kasetsart University, Thailand.
19. Oniam, V. and W. Arkronrat. 2013. Development of crab farming: The complete cycle of blue swimming crab culture program (CBSC Program) in Thailand. Kasetsart University Fisheries Research Bulletin 37 (2): 31-43.
20. Oniam, V., W. Arkronrat, L. Chuchit, K. Kessuwan and R. Orachuno. 2011a. A financial analysis of complete cycle blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus ) culture. Thai Fisheries Gazette 64 (2): 151-158.
21. Oniam, V., W. Arkronrat and T. Wechakama. 2012. Feed intake and survival rate assessment of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) raised in earthen pond. Journal of Agriculture 28 (1): 83-91.
22. Oniam, V., W. Taparhudee, S. Tunkijjanukij and Y. Musig. 2011b. Mortality rate of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) caused by cannibalism. Kasetsart University Fisheries Research Bulletin 35 (2): 1-13.
23. Rebelo, M.F., E.M. Rodriguez, E.A. Santos and M. Ansaldo. 2000. Histopathological changes in gills of the esturaine crab Chasmagnathus granulata (Crustacea-Decapoda) following acute exposure to ammonia Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C 125: 157-164.
24. Robertson, L., A.L. Lawrence and F.L. Castille. 1993. Effects of feeding frequency and feeding time on growth of Penaeus monodon (Boone). Aquaculture and Fisheries Management 24: 1-6.
25. Romano, N. and C. Zeng. 2006. The effects of salinity on the survival, growth and haemolymph osmolality of early juvenile blue swimmer crab, Porlunus pelagicus. Aquaculture 260: 151- 162.
26. Romano, N. and C. Zeng. 2007. Ontogenetic changes in tolerance to acute ammonia exposure and associated gill histological alterations during early juvenile development of the blue swimmer crab, Portunus pelagicus. Aquaculture 266: 246-254.
27. Romano, N. and C. Zeng. 2008. Blue swimmer crabs - emerging species in Asia. Global Aquaculture Advocate 11: 34-36
28. Romano, N and C. Zeng. 2010. Survival, osmoregulation and ammonia-N of blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus, juveniles exposed to different ammonia-N and salinity combinations. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C 151: 222-228.
29. Shelley, C. and A. Lovatelli. 2011. Mud crab aquaculture: A practical manual. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper, Rome. No. 567.
30. Soundarapandian, P. and S. DominicAru1 Raja. 2008. Fattening of the blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus). Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 3:97-101.
31. Thepphanich, A. and S. Chumworathayi. 2005. The culture of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus, 1758) at different densities in the earthen ponds. Surathani Coastal Fisheries Research and Development Center, Coastal Fisheries Research and Development Bureau, Department of Fisheries, Technical paper No. 16/2005.
32. Thepphanich, A., S. Noouseng, N. Wongwiwat and S. Chumworathayi. 2008. Culture of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus , Linnaeus, 1758)with three different feeds in earthen ponds. Coastal Fisheries Research and Development Bureau, Department of Fisheries, Technical paper No. 44/2008.
33. Thunjai, T., C.E. Boyd and K. Dube. 2001. Pond soil pH measurement. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 32: 141-152.