Effects of the 2013 Rayong Oil Spill on Genetic Diversity of a Coral-Boring Bivalve, Arca sp. (Family Arcidae) at Koh Samet, Rayong Province
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Abstract
One of the public concerns over the 2013 oil spill incident in Rayong, Thailand was the effect of oil and dispersed oil on marine organisms. This study examined short-term effects of the oil spill on abundance and genetic variation of a coral-boring bivalve, Arca sp. (Family Arcidae) at Koh Samet, in areas with direct (Ao Phrao), moderate (Ao Luk Yon) and minimal (Ao Lung Dam) exposure to oil. One month after the oil spill, the average abundance of Arca sp. was highest at Ao Phrao (5.07 ± 9.21 individuals/m2) although the abundance did not statistically differ among sites. Genetic variation within each sample, inferred from three microsatellite loci, did not differ among locations (allelic richness = 6.88±1.93 (LY1) to 8.85±1.64 (LD1), and observed heterozygosities = 0.36±0.15 (LY1) to 0.53±0.05 (LD1)) at both sampling periods, one and six months after the oil spill. Ao Phrao and Ao Luk Yon samples were not genetically different but we detected a difference between Ao Lung Dam sample and the remaining samples. Our results suggest limited short-term impacts of the oil spill on genetic diversity of this clam species. To evaluate long-term effects, we may need to monitor morphological changes, possibly due to genetic selection, among generations in these populations.
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