Effects of N6-(2-Isopentenyl) Adenine (2iP) on the Growth of Tropical Seagrass Enhalus acoroides after Germination
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Published:
Apr 2, 2018
Keywords:
Enhalus acoroides N6-(2-Isopentenyl) Adenine (2iP) seedling development seagrass tissue culture
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Abstract
The influence of a cytokinin, N6-(2-Isopentenyl) adenine (2iP), on growth of Enhalus acoroides was examined in controlled laboratory experiments. Seeds of E. acoroides were collected from Haad Chao Mai National Park, Trang Province, Southern Thailand, on the Andaman Sea side. The seeds were cultured in sterile MS liquid medium containing 25, 50, 75, and 100 µM 2iP in glass culture bottles. The cultures were stored under 25±2˚C in axenic conditions for 64 days. The results showed that 2iP inhibits the initiation of E. acoroides root. The highest average root length was 19.10±1.13 mm in controlled MS medium. The treatment with increasing 2iP concentration showed positive effects on hypocotyl and leaf developments. The highest average hypocotyl length, 1.60±0.00 cm, was found in seedlings from 50 µM 2iP medium. The hypocotyl diameter recorded in controlled MS medium was not significantly different from those in 50 and 100 µM 2iP media. The highest average leaf length was 5.36±0.67 cm in 100 µM 2iP medium. This culture knowledge is a step forward to the in vitro seagrass propagation and restoration studies.
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Tongkok, P., Kermanee, P., & Kaewsuralikhit, C. (2018). Effects of N6-(2-Isopentenyl) Adenine (2iP) on the Growth of Tropical Seagrass Enhalus acoroides after Germination. Journal of Fisheries and Environment, 42(1), 14–23. Retrieved from https://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JFE/article/view/96424
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References
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29. Rattanachot, E., F.T. Short and A. Prathep. 2015. Enhalus acoroides responses to experimental shoot density reductions in Haad Chao Mai National Park, Trang Province, Thailand. Marine ecology 37: 411-418.
30. Robert, E.M.R., J. Oste, T.V. der Stocken, D.J.R. De Ryck, K. Quisthoudt, J.G. Kairo, F. Dahdouh-Guebas, N. Koedam and N. Schmitz. 2015. Viviparous mangrove propagules of Ceriops tagal and Rhizophora mucronata, where both Rhizophoraceae show different dispersal and establishment strategies. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 468: 45-54.
31. Short, F.T. and M. Waycott. 2010. Enhalus acoroides. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T173331A6992567. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T173331A6992567.en. pdf (accessed on 27 April 2017).
32. Short, F.T. and R.G. Coles. 2001. Global Seagrass Research Methods. Elsevier Science B.V., London, UK. 473 p.
33. Skoog, F., and C.O. Miller. 1957. Chemical regulation of growth and organ formation in plant tissues cultured in vitro. Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology 11:118–131.
34. Spalding, M., M. Taylor, C. Ravilious, F. Short and E. Green. 2003. Global Overview: The Distribution and Status of Seagrasses. In: World Atlas of Seagrasses (ed. E.P. Green and F. T. Short), pp. 5-26. University of California Press, Berkeley.
35. Subhashini, P., S. Raja and T. Thangaradjou. 2014. Establishment of cell suspension culture protocol for a seagrass (Halodule pinifolia): Growth kinetics and histomorphological characterization. Aquatic Botany 117: 33-40.
36. Thom, RM. 1990. A review of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) transplanting projects in the Pacific Northwest. Northwest Environment Journal 6:121-137.
37. Thorhaug, A. 1986. Review of seagrass restoration efforts. Ambio 15(2): 110-117.
38. Vichkovitten, T., A. Intarachart, K. Khaodon, and S. Rermdumri. 2016. Transplantation of Tropical Seagrass Enhalus acoroides (L.f.) in Thai Coastal Water: Implication for Habitat Restoration. Greater Mekong Subregion Academic and Research Network International Journal 10: 113-120.
39. Zhang, K., W.O. Novak, Z. Wei, M. Gou, X. Zhang, Y. Yu, H. Yang, Y. Cai, M. Strnad and C. Jun Liu. 2014. Arabidopsis ABCG14 protein controls the acropetal translocation of root-synthesized cytokinins. Nature communications 10: 1-12.
2. Balestri, E., L. Piazzi and F. Cinelli. 1998. In vitro germination and seedling development of Posidonia oceanica. Aquatic Botany 60: 83-93.
3. Balestri, E., V. Menicagli, F. Vallerini and C. Lardicci. 2017. Biodegradable plastic bags on the seafloor: A future threat for seagrass meadows. Science of the Total Environment 606: 755-763.
4. Bhojwani, S.S. and M.K. Razdan. 1996. Plant Tissue Culture: Theory and Practice, a revised edition. Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Natherlands. 767 p.
5. Bird, K.T., J. Jewett-Smith and M.S. Fonseca. 1994. Use of in vitro propagated Ruppia maritima for seagrass meadow restoration. The Journal of Coastal Research 10: 732-737.
6. Bird, K.T., M.S. Brown, T.T. Henderson, C.E. OˊHara and J.M. Robbie. 1996. Culture studies of Ruppia maritima L. in bicarbonate and sucrose-based media. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 199: 153-164.
7. Chan, L.K., P.R. Dewi and P.L. Boey. 2005. Effect of plant growth regulators on regeneration of plantlets from bud cultures of Cymbopogon nardus L. and the detection of essential oils from the in vitro plantlets. Journal of Plant Biology 48(1): 142-146.
8. Dagapioso, D.M. and W.H. Uy. 2011. Seed germination and seedling development of the seagrass Enhalus acoroides (L.f.) Royle in vitro: effect of burial depth and desiccation period. Journal of Environmental Aquatic Resource 2: 34-46.
9. Einset, J.W. 1986. Zeatin biosynthesis from N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl) adenine in Actinidia and other woody plants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 83: 972-975
10. Fonseca, MS., WJ. Kenworthy, GW. Thayer. 1988. Restoration and Management of Seagrass System: A Review. The Ecology and Management of Wetlands 2: 353-368.
11. Fonseca, MS., WJ. Kenworthy, GW. Thayer. 1998. Guidelines for the Conservation and Restoration of Seagrasses in the United States and Adjacent Waters. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Maryland. 222 p.
12. Grech, A., K. Chartrand-Miller, P. Erftemeijer, M. Fonseca, L. McKenzie, M. Rasheed, H. Taylor and R. Coles. 2012. A comparison of threats, vulnerabilities and management approaches in global seagrass bioregions. Environmental Research Letters 7(2012), DOI:10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/024006.
13. Hemminga, M.A. and C.M. Duarte. 2000. Seagrass Ecology: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 298 p.
14. Henry, M.G. 1998. The in vitro propagation of seagrasses: Halophila ovalis, Ruppia magacarpa and Posidonea coriacea. Edith Cowan University, Australia. 87 p.
15. Jaakola, L., A. Tolvanen, K. Laine and A. Hohtola. 2001. Effect of N6–isopentenyl adenine concentration on growth initiation in vitro and rooting of bilberry and lingonberry microshoots. Plant cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 66: 73-77.
16. Jana, S., I. Sivanesan and B.R. Jeong. 2013. Effect of cytokinins on in vitro multiplication of Sophora tonkinensis. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 3: 549-553.
17. Jewett-Smith, J. and C. McMillan. 1990. Germination and seedling development of Halophila engelmannii Aschers (Hydrocharitaceae) under axenic conditions. Aquatic Botany 36:167-177.
18. Kaveeta, R. 1997. Plant Tissue Culture: Theory and Practice. Kasetsart University. Bangkok. 219 p.
19. Koch, E.W. and M.J. Durako. 1991. In vitro studies of the submerged angiosperm Ruppia maritima: auxin and cytokinin effects on plant growth and development. Marine Biology 110: 1-6.
20. Kuo, J. and C. den Hartog. 2006. Seagrass Morphology, Anatomy, and Ultrastructure. In: Seagrasses: Biology, Ecology and Conservation. (ed. A.W.D. Larkum, R.J. Orth and C.M. Duarte), pp. 51-87. University of Sydney, Australia.
21. Lewis, RR. 1987. The restoration and creation of seagrass meadows in the southern United States. In: Subtropical Searasses of the Southern United States (ed. M.J. Durako), pp. 153-173. Department of Natural Resources Publication, Florida.
22. Lewmanomont K., S. Deetae, and V. Srimanobhas. 1996. Seagrass of Thailand. Proceedings international workshop, Rottnest Island, Western Australia: 21-26.
23. Murashige T. and F. Skoog. 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum 15: 473-497
24. Nakaoka M. and C. Supanwanid. 2000. Quantitative estimation of the distribution and biomass of seagrasses at Haad Chao Mai National Park, Trang Province, Thailand. Fisheries Research Bulletin 22: 10-22.
25. Orth, R.J., T.J.B. Carruthers, W.C. Dennison, C.M. Duarte, J.W. Fourqurean, K.L. Heck JR., A.R. Hughes, G.A. Kendrick, W.J. Kenworthy, S. Olyarnik, F.T. Short, M. Waycott, and S.L. Williams. 2006. A global crisis for seagrass ecosystems. Journal of Biosciences. 56: 987-996.
26. Phillips, RC. 1980. Plant and Propagation Guidelines and Techniques for Seagrasses of the United States and its Territories. Seattle, WA. CERC Contract No. DAWC 72-79C-0030.
27. Phillips, RC. 1982. Seagrass Meadows. In: Creation and restoration of Coastal Plant Families (ed. RR. Lewis), pp. 173-202. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
28. Rattanachot, E. 2008. Effect of Shoot Density on Growth, Recruitment and Reproduction of Enhalus acoroides (L.f.) Royle at Haad Chao Mai National Park, Trang Province, Thailand. Prince of Songkla University, Songkla. 85 p.
29. Rattanachot, E., F.T. Short and A. Prathep. 2015. Enhalus acoroides responses to experimental shoot density reductions in Haad Chao Mai National Park, Trang Province, Thailand. Marine ecology 37: 411-418.
30. Robert, E.M.R., J. Oste, T.V. der Stocken, D.J.R. De Ryck, K. Quisthoudt, J.G. Kairo, F. Dahdouh-Guebas, N. Koedam and N. Schmitz. 2015. Viviparous mangrove propagules of Ceriops tagal and Rhizophora mucronata, where both Rhizophoraceae show different dispersal and establishment strategies. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 468: 45-54.
31. Short, F.T. and M. Waycott. 2010. Enhalus acoroides. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T173331A6992567. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T173331A6992567.en. pdf (accessed on 27 April 2017).
32. Short, F.T. and R.G. Coles. 2001. Global Seagrass Research Methods. Elsevier Science B.V., London, UK. 473 p.
33. Skoog, F., and C.O. Miller. 1957. Chemical regulation of growth and organ formation in plant tissues cultured in vitro. Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology 11:118–131.
34. Spalding, M., M. Taylor, C. Ravilious, F. Short and E. Green. 2003. Global Overview: The Distribution and Status of Seagrasses. In: World Atlas of Seagrasses (ed. E.P. Green and F. T. Short), pp. 5-26. University of California Press, Berkeley.
35. Subhashini, P., S. Raja and T. Thangaradjou. 2014. Establishment of cell suspension culture protocol for a seagrass (Halodule pinifolia): Growth kinetics and histomorphological characterization. Aquatic Botany 117: 33-40.
36. Thom, RM. 1990. A review of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) transplanting projects in the Pacific Northwest. Northwest Environment Journal 6:121-137.
37. Thorhaug, A. 1986. Review of seagrass restoration efforts. Ambio 15(2): 110-117.
38. Vichkovitten, T., A. Intarachart, K. Khaodon, and S. Rermdumri. 2016. Transplantation of Tropical Seagrass Enhalus acoroides (L.f.) in Thai Coastal Water: Implication for Habitat Restoration. Greater Mekong Subregion Academic and Research Network International Journal 10: 113-120.
39. Zhang, K., W.O. Novak, Z. Wei, M. Gou, X. Zhang, Y. Yu, H. Yang, Y. Cai, M. Strnad and C. Jun Liu. 2014. Arabidopsis ABCG14 protein controls the acropetal translocation of root-synthesized cytokinins. Nature communications 10: 1-12.