The Expression of Epithelial Specific Antigen (ESA) in Breast Cancer Patients, Srinagarind Hospital
Keywords:
ESA; EpCAM; breast cancer; surface marker; มะเร็งเต้านมAbstract
Background and Objectives: Breast cancer is the second most common of death in female. ESA plays an important role in signaling pathway of breast cancer. The levels of ESA expression associate with prognosis, resistance of therapy and short survival time. At present, there is no data of the expression levels of cancer stem cells in breast cancer patients in Srinagarind hospital.
Methods: The data of breast cancer patients (247 cases in total) in Srinagarind hospital collected during 2003-2016 were analysed. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast cancer tissues were investigated for the levels of ESA expression in 45 cases of triple negative subtype by immunohistochemistry. TIS score and H-score were performed to determine the levels of ESA expression.To evaluate the relationship of ESA expression levels and average survival time, the data were analysed by using univariate analysis and multivariate analysis.
Results: Age, BMI, TNM staging had influence on average survival time. Patients with age more than or equal 41 years, obesity or TNM stage IV has high fatality risk. The levels of ESA expression in triple negative subtype had overexpression but it was not significantly different between two age groups (≥ 41 years vs 21-40 years).
Conclusions: Age, BMI and TNM staging negatively related to average survival time in breast cancer patients and the effects were different in each subtype of breast cancer. Patients with triple negative subtype had overexpression of ESA.
References
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33. Agboola AJ, Paish EC, Rakha EA, Powe DG, Macmillan RD, Ellis IO, et al. EpCAM expression is an indicator of recurrence in basal-like breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 133: 575-82.
2. Jiang W, Peng J, Zhang Y, Cho WC, Jin K. The implications of cancer stem cells for cancer therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13: 16636-57.
3. Dalerba P, Cho RW, Clarke MF. Cancer stem cells: models and concepts. Annu Rev Med 2007; 58: 267-84.
4. Al-Hajj M, Wicha MS, Benito-Hernandez A, Morrison SJ, Clarke MF. Prospective identification of tumorigenic breast cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100: 3983-8.
5. Ginestier C, Hur MH, Charafe-Jauffret E, Monville F, Dutcher J, Brown M, et al. ALDH1 is a marker of normal and malignant human mammary stem cells and a predictor of poor clinical outcome. Cell Stem Cell 2007; 1: 555-67.
6. Azzam DJ, Zhao D, Sun J, Minn AJ, Ranganathan P, Drews-Elger K, et al. Triple negative breast cancer initiating cell subsets differ in functional and molecular characteristics and in gamma-secretase inhibitor drug responses. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 5: 1502-22.
7. Osta WA, Chen Y, Mikhitarian K, Mitas M, Salem M, Hannun YA, et al. EpCAM is overexpressed in breast cancer and is a potential target for breast cancer gene therapy. Cancer Res 2004; 64: 5818-24.
8. Cimino A, Halushka M, Illei P, Wu X, Sukumar S, Argani P. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is overexpressed in breast cancer metastases. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 123: 701-8.
9. Munz M, Kieu C, Mack B, Schmitt B, Zeidler R, Gires O. The carcinoma-associated antigen EpCAM upregulates c-myc and induces cell proliferation. Oncogene 2004; 23: 5748-58.
10.Soysal SD, Muenst S, Barbie T, Fleming T, Gao F, Spizzo G, et al. EpCAM expression varies significantly and is differentially associated with prognosis in the luminal B HER2(+), basal-like, and HER2 intrinsic subtypes of breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2013; 108: 1480-7.
11. Spizzo G, Went P, Dirnhofer S, Obrist P, Simon R, Spichtin H, et al. High Ep-CAM expression is associated with poor prognosis in node-positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2004; 86: 207-13.
12. Anders CK, Johnson R, Litton J, Phillips M, Bleyer A. Breast cancer before age 40 years. Semin Oncol 2009; 36: 237-49.
13. Kroman N, Jensen MB, Wohlfahrt J, Mouridsen HT, Andersen PK, Melbye M. Factors influencing the effect of age on prognosis in breast cancer: population based study. BMJ 2000; 320: 474-8.
14. Fredholm H, Eaker S, Frisell J, Holmberg L, Fredriksson I, Lindman H. Breast cancer in young women: poor survival despite intensive treatment. PLoS One 2009; 4: e7695.
15. Vostakolaei FA, Broeders MJ, Rostami N, van Dijck JA, Feuth T, Kiemeney LA, et al. Age at diagnosis and breast cancer
survival in iran. Int J Breast Cancer 2012; 2012: 517976.
16. Crowe JP, Jr., Gordon NH, Shenk RR, Zollinger RM, Jr., Brumberg DJ, Shuck JM. Age does not predict breast cancer outcome. Arch Surg 1994; 129: 483-7; discussion 487-8.
17. Rapiti E, Fioretta G, Verkooijen HM, Vlastos G, Schafer P, Sappino AP, et al. Survival of young and older breast cancer patients in Geneva from 1990 to 2001. Eur J Cancer 2005; 41: 1446-52.
18. Montazeri A, Sadighi J, Farzadi F, Maftoon F, Vahdaninia M, Ansari M, et al. Weight, height, body mass index and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women: a case-control study. BMC Cancer 2008; 8: 278.
19. Litton JK, Gonzalez-Angulo AM, Warneke CL, Buzdar AU, Kau SW, Bondy M, et al. Relationship between obesity and pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy among women with operable breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26: 4072-7.
20. Bray GA, Popkin BM. Dietary sugar and body weight: have we reached a crisis in the epidemic of obesity and diabetes?: health be damned! Pour on the sugar. Diabetes Care 2014; 37: 950-6.
21. Virtue S, Vidal-Puig A. Adipose tissue expandability, lipotoxicity and the Metabolic Syndrome--an allostatic perspective. Biochim Biophys Acta 2010; 1801: 338-49.
22. De Schrijver E, Brusselmans K, Heyns W, Verhoeven G, Swinnen JV. RNA interference-mediated silencing of the fatty acid synthase gene attenuates growth and induces morphological changes and apoptosis of LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res 2003; 63: 3799-804.
23. Pizer ES, Pflug BR, Bova GS, Han WF, Udan MS, Nelson JB. Increased fatty acid synthase as a therapeutic target in androgen-independent prostate cancer progression. Prostate 2001; 47: 102-10.
24. Renehan AG, Tyson M, Egger M, Heller RF, Zwahlen M. Body-mass index and incidence of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. Lancet 2008; 371: 569-78.
25. Perez-Hernandez AI, Catalan V, Gomez-Ambrosi J, Rodriguez A, Fruhbeck G. Mechanisms linking excess adiposity and carcinogenesis promotion. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5: 65.
26. Balkwill F, Charles KA, Mantovani A. Smoldering and polarized inflammation in the initiation and promotion of malignant disease. Cancer Cell 2005; 7: 211-7.
27. Dong G, Wang D, Liang X, Gao H, Wang L, Yu X, et al. Factors related to survival rates for breast cancer patients. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014; 7: 3719-24.
28. Poum A, Kamsa-ard S, Promthet S. Survival rates of breast cancer: a hospital-based study from northeast of Thailand. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13: 791-4.
29. Schnell U, Cirulli V, Giepmans BN. EpCAM: structure and function in health and disease. Biochim Biophys Acta 2013; 1828: 1989-2001.
30. Spizzo G, Fong D, Wurm M, Ensinger C, Obrist P, Hofer C, et al. EpCAM expression in primary tumour tissues and metastases: an immunohistochemical analysis. J Clin Pathol 2011; 64: 415-20.
31. Spizzo G, Obrist P, Ensinger C, Theurl I, Dunser M, Ramoni A, et al. Prognostic significance of Ep-CAM AND Her-2/neu overexpression in invasive breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2002; 98: 883-8.
32. Badve S, Dabbs DJ, Schnitt SJ, Baehner FL, Decker T, Eusebi V, et al. Basal-like and triple-negative breast cancers: a critical review with an emphasis on the implications for pathologists and oncologists. Mod Pathol 2011; 24: 157-67.
33. Agboola AJ, Paish EC, Rakha EA, Powe DG, Macmillan RD, Ellis IO, et al. EpCAM expression is an indicator of recurrence in basal-like breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 133: 575-82.
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2017-12-20
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Sapkanarak K, Roysommuti S, Auervitchayapat P, Wirasorn K, Aphivatanasiri C, Srimunta P, Punjaruk W. The Expression of Epithelial Specific Antigen (ESA) in Breast Cancer Patients, Srinagarind Hospital. SRIMEDJ [Internet]. 2017 Dec. 20 [cited 2024 Dec. 25];32(6):524-33. Available from: https://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SRIMEDJ/article/view/106178
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