Anaphylaxis in Emergency Room Srinagarind Hospital : A 5-Years Retrospective Study
Keywords:
AnaphylaxisAbstract
Background and objective: Anaphylaxis is a potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that involves multi-organ systems. It can develop in short time and cause fatal. The objective of this study was to determine incidence, cause, the way patients come to hospital, diagnosis, treatment, complication and revisited patient who known their allergen to be information for improves treatment and education people.
Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study, data were collected from patients whom visit emergency department in 1 June 2008 - 31 May 2013 which had diagnosis of anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock.
Results: There were 245 patients; 141 male (57.6%) and 104 female (42.4%). Mean age is 27.9 years. There are 149 patients (60.8%) with atopic underlying and 53 (21.6%) have other underlying. Most of patients come to hospital by themselves. Most common allergen was food (41.2%). Most patients (53.5%) contact allergen by eating. There were 17.1% of patients who had ever diagnosed anaphylaxis. There were 40% of patients known the allergen. Skin and mucocutaneous were the most common symptom (95.1%). 55 patients (22.4%) had anaphylactic shock. Contact to symptom time mean was 113.4 min. Symptom to arrive hospital time mean was 172 min. Symptom to adrenaline time mean was 118.9 min. Hospital arriving to get adrenaline mean was 17.1 min. Most patients received adrenaline at 5 min after hospital arrival. The patients were treated by Adrenaline 76.3%. Most patients were admitted (73.9%) and admission time was about 1 day (68.5%). There are 3 Biphasic patients.
Conclusion: Prevalence of anaphylaxis in this study was 76:100,000 patients. Most affect patients were teenage and young adult. Most patients were treated with intramuscular adrenaline injection followed standard guideline and were admitted in hospital to observation. We found some patients known their allergen but they also came to hospital with anaphylaxis again. Education to physician in order to get appropriate diagnosis and treatment and to educate patients for avoiding allergen are important.
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