Effects of Mulberry (Morus alba) Leaf Tea on Blood Glucose and Satiety in Healthy Subjects
Keywords:
Mulberry leaves; Diabetes mellitus; Satiety; Heart rate variabilityAbstract
Background and Objectives: Mulberry (Morus alba) has high antioxidants, including flavonoids and 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) which is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor to reduce blood sugar levels. Previous studies have shown that leaves of mulberry (Buriram 60 strain) had higher DNJ than others. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of consumption of mulberry (Buriram 60) tea on blood glucose and satiety levels.
Methods: This was a randomized crossover study. Twelve healthy volunteers age 20-23 years old in Burapha University participated. There were control group and intervention group which had the same subjects but they were washed out between two groups for 1 week. Subjects in intervention group consumed mulberry leaf tea (Buriram 60 strain) while subjects in control group consumed warm water after consumption of glucose solution for 15 minutes. Blood glucose, satiety, blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, and electrocardiography were measured before (0 min) and after the consumptions at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min.
Results: Blood glucose level in the intervention group was significantly lower than in the control group at 30 min (p=0.039). Standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) in the intervention group was significantly higher than in the control group at 120 min (p=0.045). The levels of satiety, blood pressure, heart rate, and body temperature between groups were not significantly different.
Conclusion: This study suggested that consumption of mulberry tea (Buriram 60 strain) after consumption of glucose solution reduces blood sugar level and enhances parasympathetic activity in healthy subjects.
References
2. Kotruchin P, Wanothayaroj E, Rattanachaiwong S, Pongchaiyakul C. Prevalence of Impaired Fasting Glucose and Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescence and Young Adults in Rural Thailand. Srinagarind Med J 2013; 28: 184-9.
3. Thammavongsa V, Muktabhant B. Dietary Intake and Nutritional Status of Type 2 Diabetic Patients at Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane Capital City, Lao PDR. Srinagarind Med J 2013; 28: 30-8.
4. Van Zuuren EJ, Fedorowicz Z, Kuijpers T, Pijl H. Effects of low-carbohydrate-compared with low-fat-diet interventions on metabolic control in people with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review including GRADE assessments. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108: 300-31.
5. Palma-Duran SA, Vlassopoulos A, Lean M, Govan L, Combet E. Nutritional intervention and impact of polyphenol on glycohemoglobin (HbA1c) in non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57: 975-86.
6. Striegel L, Kang B, Pilkenton SJ, Rychlik M, Apostolidis E. Effect of black tea and black tea pomace polyphenols on α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition, relevant to type 2 diabetes prevention. Front Nutr 2015; 2: 3.
7. Guasch-Ferré M, Merino J, Sun Q, Fitó M, Salas-Salvadó J. Dietary polyphenols, Mediterranean diet, prediabetes, and Type 2 diabetes: A narrative review of the evidence. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2017; 2017: 1-16.
8. Nguyen CT, Lee AH, Pham NM, Do VV, Ngu ND, Tran BQ, et al. Habitual tea drinking associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes in Vietnamese adults. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2018; 27: 701-6.
9. Hu XQ, Thakur K, Chen GH, Hu F, Zhang JG, Zhang HB, et al. Metabolic Effect of 1-Deoxynojirimycin from Mulberry Leaves on db/db Diabetic Mice Using Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Based Metabolomics. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65: 4658-67.
10. Sheng Y, Zheng S, Zhang C, Zhao C, He X, Xu W, et al. Mulberry leaf tea alleviates diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting PKC signaling and modulating intestinal flora. J Funct Foods 2018; 46: 118-27.
11. Riche DM, Riche KD, East HE, Barrett EK, May WL. Impact of mulberry leaf extract on type 2 diabetes (Mul-DM): a randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study. Complement Ther Med 2017; 32: 105-8.
12. Vichasilp C, Nakagawa K, Sookwong P, Higuchi O, Luemunkong S, Miyazawa T. Development of high 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) content mulberry tea and use of response surface methodology to optimize tea-making conditions for highest DNJ extraction. LWT - Food Sci Technol 2012; 45: 226-32.
13. He H, Lu YH. Comparison of inhibitory activities and mechanisms of five mulberry plant bioactive components against α-glucosidase. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61: 8110-9.
14. Lown M, Fuller R, Lightowler H, Fraser A, Gallagher A, Stuart B, et al. Mulberry-extract improves glucose tolerance and decreases insulin concentrations in normoglycaemic adults: Results of a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study. PLoS One 2017; 12: e0172239.
15. Josic J, Olsson AT, Wickeberg J, Lindstedt S, Hlebowicz J. Does green tea affect postprandial glucose, insulin and satiety in healthy subjects: a randomized controlled trial. Nutr J 2010; 9: 1-8.
16. Vichasilp C, Nakagawa K, Sookwong P, Higuchi O, Luemunkong S, Miyazawa T. Development of high 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) content mulberry tea and use of response surface methodology to optimize tea-making conditions for highest DNJ extraction. LWT - Food Sci Technol 2012; 45: 226-32.
17. Marathe CS, Rayner CK, Jones KL, Horowitz M. Relationships between gastric emptying, postprandial glycemia, and incretin hormones. Diabetes care 2013; 36: 1396-405.
18. Lemmens SG, Martens EA, Kester AD, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Changes in gut hormone and glucose concentrations in relation to hunger and fullness. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 94: 717-25.
19. Jeong JH, Lee NK, Cho SH, Jeong YS. Enhancement of 1-deoxynojirimycin content and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in mulberry leaf using various fermenting microorganisms isolated from Korean traditional fermented food. Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng 2014; 19: 1114-8.
20. Chen H, He X, Liu Y, Li J, He Q, Zhang C, et al. Extraction, purification and anti-fatigue activity of γ-aminobutyric acid from mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves. Sci Rep 2016; 6: 1-10.
21. Reiter RJ, Tan DX, Korkmaz A, Ma S. Obesity and metabolic syndrome: association with chronodisruption, sleep deprivation, and melatonin suppression. Ann Med 2012; 44: 564-77.
22. Lorenz M, Rauhut F, Hofer C, Gwosc S, Müller E, Praeger D, et al. Tea-induced improvement of endothelial function in humans: No role for epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Sci Rep 2017; 7: 1-10.
23. Phoonan W, Deowanish S, Chavasiri W. Food attractant from mulberry leaf tea and its main volatile compounds for the biocontrol of Lasioderma serricorne F.(Coleoptera: Anobiidae). J Stored Prod Res 2014; 59: 299-305.
24. Choi SH, Park KH. Effects of white mulberry (Morus alba) leaves on blood vessel reactivity in hyperchloesterolemic rats. J Fd Hyg Safety 2013; 28: 195-201.
