Survival Outcomes in Patients with Hepatoblastoma: Who has the Greatest Chance of Surviving?

Authors

  • Kanokrat Thaiwatcharamas
  • Ratiyaporn Phannua Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University
  • Sinobol Chusil Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University
  • Patchareeporn Tanming Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University
  • Suchat Areemit Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University
  • Paisarn Vejchapipat Department of surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn Memorial hospital, Chulalongkorn University
  • Wichien Sirithanaphol

Keywords:

survival outcome; hepatoblastoma; patient

Abstract

Background and Objective: Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common malignant liver tumor in children. This study aimed to review the survival outcomes of HB at Srinagarind hospital.

Method: All children diagnosed with HB between 2003 and 2016 were included. The demographic data and outcomes were reviewed, and the survival outcome was analyzed.

Results: There were 47 patients diagnosed with HB. After excluded 4 incompletes recorded, 43 cases were calculated. The median age at diagnosis was 1.08-year (19 days to 13.8 years). The number of patients with PRETEXT III and IV were 15 (34.8%) and 10 (23.3%), respectively. Eleven patients (25.6%) came with distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Only 6 patients (14%) underwent liver resection without pre-op chemotherapy. The other received pre-op chemotherapy. Still, 16.3% remains unresectable. The median follow-up was 3.18 years (1.83 months to 11.03 years). The overall 5-year survival rate in the hepatoblastoma patients in our study was 63.21%. The overall 5-year survival and disease-free survival rates in operable patients were 75.21% and 72.8%, respectively. Patients who lived longer than 3 years after surgery, survived. The 5-year survival rate for the patients who do not require chemotherapy before surgery was 100% whereas the other group had 56.24%. Moreover, we found that the non-recurrent group had a significantly higher survival rate compared to the recurrent group (p = 0.0017).
Conclusions: The overall survival rate in hepatoblastoma patients appeared to be higher including our country, and patients who lived longer than 3 years were likely to survive. The recurrence of hepatoblastoma significantly impacted the survival rate.

References

1. Fuchs J, Rydzynski J, Von Schweinitz D, Bode U, Hecker H, Weinel P, et al. Pretreatment prognostic factors and treatment results in children with hepatoblastoma: A report from the German cooperative pediatric liver tumor study HB 94. Cancer 2002; 95: 172–82.
2. Mann JR, Kasthuri N, Raafat F, Pincott JR, Parkes SE, Muir KR, et al. Malignant hepatic tumours in children: incidence, clinical features and aetiology. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 1990; 4: 276–89.
3. Ross JA, Gurney JG. Hepatoblastoma incidence in the United States from 1973 to 1992. Med Pediatr Oncol 1998; 30: 141–2.
4. Allan BJ, Parikh PP, Diaz S, Perez EA, Neville HL, Sola JE. Predictors of survival and incidence of hepatoblastoma in the paediatric population. Hpb 2013; 15: 741–6.
5. Linabery AM, Ross JA. Trends in childhood cancer incidence in the U.S. (1992-2004). Cancer 2008; 112: 416–32.
6. Wiangnon S, Veerakul G, Nuchprayoon I, Seksarn P, Hongeng S, Krutvecho T, et al. Childhood cancer incidence and survival 2003-2005, Thailand: study from the Thai Pediatric Oncology Group. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2011; 12: 2215–20.
7. Wiangnon S, Jetsrisuparb A, Komvilaisak P. Childhood Cancer Incidence and Survival 1985-2009, Khon Kaen, Thailand. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15: 7989–93.
8. Roebuck DJ, Aronson D, Clapuyt P, Czauderna P, De Ville De Goyet J, Gauthier F, et al. PRETEXT: a revised staging system for primary malignant liver tumours of childhood developed by the SIOPEL group; 2005.
9. Thai Pediatric Oncology Group. National Protocol for treatment of childhood cancer 2014. Bangkok: M Print Corporation, 2016: 254-68.
10. Towu E, Kiely E, Pierro A, London LS. Outcome and Complications After Resection of Hepatoblastoma J Pediatr Surg 2004; 39: 199-202.
11. Ayllon Teran D, Gómez Beltran O, Ciria Bru R, Mateos González E, José Peña Rosa M, Luque Molina A, et al. Efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy and surgical rescue for locally advanced hepatoblastomas: 10 year single-center experience and literature review OBSERVATIONAL STUDY. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20: 10137–43.
12. Sunil BJ, Palaniappan R, Venkitaraman B, Ranganathan R. Surgical Resection for Hepatoblastoma-Updated Survival Outcomes. J Gastrointest Canc 2017; 49: 493-6.
13. Liu APY, Ip JJK, Leung AWK, Luk CW, Li CH, Ho KKH, et al. Treatment outcome and pattern of failure in hepatoblastoma treated with a consensus protocol in Hong Kong. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66: 4–11.
14. Malogolowkin MH, Katzenstein HM, Meyers RL, Krailo MD, Rowland JM, Haas J, et al. Complete surgical resection is curative for children with hepatoblastoma with pure fetal histology: A report from the Children’s Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29: 3301–6.
15. McLaughlin CC, Baptiste MS, Schymura MJ, Nasca PC, Zdeb MS. Maternal and infant birth characteristics and hepatoblastoma. Am J Epidemiol 2006; 163: 818–28.
16. Ansell P, Mitchell CD, Roman E, Simpson J, Birch JM, Eden TOB. Relationships between perinatal and maternal characteristics and hepatoblastoma: A report from the UKCCS. Eur J Cancer 2005; 41: 741–8.
17. Maruyama K, Ikeda H, Koizumi T, Tsuchida Y, Tanimura M, Nishida H, et al. Case-control study of perinatal factors and hepatoblastoma in children with an extremely low birthweight. Pediatr Int 2000; 42: 492–8.
18. Ikeda H, Matsuyama S, Tanimura M. Association between hepatoblastoma and very low birth weight: A trend or a chance? J Pediatr 1997; 130: 557–60.
19. Tanimura M, Matsui I, Abe J, Ikeda H, Kobayashi N, Ohira M, et al. Increased risk of hepatoblastoma among immature children with a lower birth weight. Cancer Res 1998; 58: 3032–5.
20. Reynolds P, Urayama KY, Von Behren J, Feusner J. Birth Characteristics and Hepatoblastoma Risk in Young Children. Cancer 2004; 100: 1070–6.
21. De Fine Licht S, Schmidt LS, Rod NH, Schmiegelow K, Lahteenmaki PM, Kogner P, et al. Hepatoblastoma in the Nordic countries. Int J Cancer 2012; 131: 555-61.
22. Heck JE, Meyers TJ, Lombardi C, Park AS, Cockburn M, Reynolds P, et al. Case-control study of birth characteristics and the risk of hepatoblastoma. Cancer Epidemiol 2013; 37: 390–5.
23. DeBaun MR, Tucker MA. Risk of cancer during the first four years of life in children from The Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome Registry. J Pediatr 1998; 132: 398–400.
24. Tanaka K, Uemoto S, Asonuma K, Katayama T, Utsunomiya H, Akiyama Y, et al. Hepatoblastoma in a 2-year-old girl with trisomy 18. Eur J Pediatr Surg 1992; 2: 298–300.
25. Geiser CF, Baez A, Schindler AM, Shih VE. Epithelial hepatoblastoma associated with congenital hemihypertrophy and cystathioninuria: presentation of a case. Pediatrics 1970; 46: 66–73.
26. Tumino M, Licciardello M, Sorge G, Cutrupi MC, Di Benedetto F, Amoroso L, et al. Kabuki syndrome and cancer in two patients. Am J Med Genet 2010; 152: 1536-9.
27. Chen LE, Shepherd RW, Nadler ML, Chapman WC, Kotru A, Lowell JA. Liver transplantation and chemotherapy in children with unresectable primary hepatic malignancies: development of a management algorithm. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2006; 43: 487–93.
28. Uchida H, Sakamoto S, Sasaki K, Takeda M, Hirata Y, Fukuda A, et al. Surgical treatment strategy for advanced hepatoblastoma: Resection versus transplantation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018: 65: 1–10.
29. Pham TA, Gallo AM, Concepcion W, Esquivel CO, Bonham CA. Effect of Liver Transplant on Long-term Disease-Free Survival in Children With Hepatoblastoma and Hepatocellular Cancer. JAMA Surg 2015; 150: 1150-8.

Downloads

Published

2020-02-21

How to Cite

1.
Thaiwatcharamas K, Phannua R, Chusil S, Tanming P, Areemit S, Vejchapipat P, Sirithanaphol W. Survival Outcomes in Patients with Hepatoblastoma: Who has the Greatest Chance of Surviving?. SRIMEDJ [Internet]. 2020 Feb. 21 [cited 2024 Nov. 22];35(1):26-31. Available from: https://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SRIMEDJ/article/view/239893

Issue

Vol. 35 No. 1 (2020): January-February

Section

Original Articles