Oral Health Promotion and Diabetes Prevention in the Elder
Keywords:
oral health; diabetes; elderAbstract
Thailand will become completed aged society in 2021, found that 1 in every 5 elderly people has diabetes. Long-term complications in poorly controlled sugar levels in elderly diabetic patients were retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, cardiovascular disease and periodontitis. Periodontitis in elderly diabetic patients need the treatment from dentists, otherwise it will affect the glycemic control because periodontitis and diabetes were bidirectional relationship. The aim of this article was to review the effective measures on oral health promotion and diabetes prevention in the elder. The data were gathered from an electronic database that published in Thai and English. The result concluded that it was absolutely necessary to prepare for facing with elderly diabetic patients by focusing on working as multidisciplinary team and rapid screening in risk groups of the elderly for early detection of diabetes. Furthermore, emphasize on promoting oral health in elderly diabetic patients for reducing tooth loss and to have a good quality of life.
References
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8. Diabetes Association of Thailand under The Patronage of Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirinthorn. Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes 2017. 3rded. Pathum thani.:Romyen Media; 2017. (in Thai).
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11. Polak D, Shapira L. An update on the evidence for pathogenic mechanisms that may link periodontitis and diabetes. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45: 150-66.
12. Preshaw PM, Bissett SM. Periodontitis and diabetes. Br Dent J 2019; 227: 577–84.
13. Molina CA, Ojeda LF, Jiménez MS, Portillo CM, Olmedo IS, Hernández TM, et al. Diabetes and periodontal diseases: An established two-way relationship. Journal of Diabetes Mellitus [Internet] 2016 [cited Jan 31,2020]; 6: 209-29. Available from: http://www.scirp.org/journal/jdm
14. Taylor GW, Burt BA, Becker MP, Genco RJ, Shlossman M, Knowler WC, et al. Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and Alveolar Bone Loss Progression Over 2 Years. J Periodontol 1998; 69: 76-83.
15. Graziani F, Gennai S, Solini A, Petrini M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic observational evidence on the effect of periodontitis on diabetes. An update of the EFP-AAP review. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45: 167-87.
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17. Ide R, Hoshuyama T, Wilson D, Takahashi K, Higashi T. Periodontal disease and incident diabetes: a seven-year study. J Dent Res 2011; 90: 41–6. doi: 10.1177/0022034510381902.
18. Veena HR, Natesh S, Patil SR. Association between diabetic retinopathy and chronic periodontitis-a cross-sectional study. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6: E104. doi: 10.3390/medsci6040104
19. Allen EM, Ziada HM, O’Halloran D, Clerehugh V, Allen PF. Attitudes, awareness and oral health-related quality of life in patients with diabetes. J Oral Rehabil 2008; 35: 218–23.
20. López-Pintor RM, Casañas E, González-Serrano J, Serrano J, Ramírez L, de Arriba L, et al. Xerostomia, hyposalivation, and salivary flow in diabetes patients. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016: 1-15. doi: 10.1155/2016/4372852
21. Verhulst MJL, Loos BG, Gerdes VEA, Teeuw WJ. Evaluating all potential oral complications of diabetes mellitus. Front. Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10: 56. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00056.
22. Laosrisin N, Sema J, Lawnub N. Inflammatory mediators in patients with chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes. SWU Dent 2014; 7: 43-56. (in Thai).
23. 23. Trombelli L, Farina R, Silva CO, Tatakis DN. Plaque‐induced gingivitis: Case definition and diagnostic considerations. Journal of Periodontology 2018; 89Suppl1: S46-S73. doi:10.1002/JPER.17-0576.
24. Loe H. Periodontal disease: the sixth complication of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 1993; 16: 329-34.
25. Lamster IB, Lalla E, Borgnakke WS, Taylor GW. The relationship between oral health and diabetes mellitus. J Am Dent Assoc 2008; 139: 19-24.
26. 26. Rajhans NS, Kohad RM, Chaudhari VG, Mhaske NH. A clinical study of the relationship between diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease. J Indian Soc Periodontal 2011; 15: 388–92.
27. Moore PA, Weyant RJ, Etzel KR, Guggenheimer J, Mongelluzzo MB, Myers DE, et al. Type 1 diabetes mellitus and oral health: assessment of coronal and root caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2001; 29: 183-94.
28. Collin HL, Uusitupa M, Niskanen L, Koivisto AM, Markkanen H, Meurman JH. Caries in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1998; 85: 680-5.
29. Hill LV, Tan MH, Pereira LH, Embil JA. Association of oral candidiasis with diabetic control. J Clin Pathol 1989; 42: 502-5.
30. Kadir T, Pisiriciler R, Akyüz S, Yarat A, Emekli N, Ipbüker A. Mycological and cytological examination of oral candidal carriage in diabetic patients and non-diabetic control subjects: thorugh analysis of local aetiologic and systemic factors. J Oral Rehabil 2002; 29: 452-7.
31. Fisher BM, Lamey PJ, Samaranayake LP, MacFarlane TW, Frier BM. Carriage of candida species in the oral cavity in diabetic patients: relationship to glycemic control. J Oral Pathol 1987; 16: 282-4.
32. Guggenheimer J, Moore PA, Rossie K, Mayers D, Mongelluzzo MB, Block HM, et al. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and oral soft tissue pathologies:II. Prevalence and characteristics of candida and candidal lesions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2000; 89: 570-6.
33. Phelan JA, Levin SM. A prevalence study of denture stomatitis in subjects with diabetes mellitus or elevated plasma glucose level. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1986; 62: 303-5.
34. Grushka M, Epstein J, Mott A. An open-label, dose escalation pilot study of the effect of clonazepam in burning mouth syndrome. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1998; 86: 557-61.
35. Parros P, MacFarlane TW, Counsell C, Frier BM. Alterated taste sensation in newly-diagnosed NIDDM. Diabetes Care 1996; 19: 768-70.
36. Russotto SB. Asymptomatic parotid gland enlargement in diabetes mellitus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1981; 52: 594-8.
37. Scully C, Beyli M, Ferreiro MC, Ficarra G, Gill Y, Griffiths M, et al. Update on oral lichen planus: Etiopathogenesis and management. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1998; 9: 86-122.
38. Wysocki GP, Daley TD. Benign migratory glossitis in patients with juvenile diabetes. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1987; 63: 68-70.
39. Eldarrat AH. Diabetic patients: Their knowledge and perception of oral health. Libyan J Med 2011; 6: 5691.
40. Shanmukappa SM, Nadig P, Puttannavar R, Ambareen Z, Gowda TM, Mehta DS. Knowledge, attitude and awareness among diabetic patients in Davangere about the association between diabetes and periodontal disease. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2017; 7: 381–8.
41. Bowyer V, Sutcliffe P, Ireland R, Lindenmeyer A, Gadsby R, Graveney M, et al. Oral health awareness in adult patients with diabetes: A questionnaire study. Br Dent J 2011; 211: E12.
42. Maneewong U, Nantichai M. The relationship between oral health status and the multidimensional health locus of control among new case diabetes patients located in Maetha district, Lampang Province. Th Dent PH J 2008; 13: 146-58. (in Thai).
43. Homkaenchan S. Factors related to oral health care behaviors of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in sub-district health promoting hospitals, Maetha district, Lampang province. Master of Public Health Major in Health Promotion Management. Thammasat University; 2016.(in Thai).
44. Bureau of Dental Health, Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health. Dental Health Plan for the Elderly in Thailand (2015-2022) [internet]. [cited Feb 2,2020]. Available from: http://dental2.anamai.moph.go.th/download/article/suta.pdf.(in Thai).
45. Bureau of Dental Health, Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health. Guideline for Dental Public Health Operation in 2019 [internet]. [cited Feb 2,2020]. Available from: http://dental2.anamai.moph.go.th/download/elderly/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%992562.pdf (in Thai).
46. Bureau of Dental Health, Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health. Guideline for Dental Public Health Operation in 2015 [internet]. [cited Feb 2,2020]. Available from: http://dental.anamai.moph.go.th/elderly/2558/GuidelineDH58.pdf (in Thai).
47. Saengtipbovorn S. Effectiveness of Brief Lifestyle Change Plus Dental Care (Brief-LCDC) program in improving glycemic and periodontal status among type 2 diabetes patients: A clinical controlled trial. J DENT ASSOC THAI 2019; 69: 417-30. (in Thai).
48. Reusch JE, Manson JE. Management of type 2 diabetes in 2017 getting to goal. JAMA 2017; 317: 1015-6.
49. Gao X, LoE C, Kot SC, Chan KC. Motivational interviewing in improving oral health: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Periodontal 2014; 85: 426-37.
50. Vermunt PW, Ivon EM, Frits W, Baan CA, Schelfhout JD, Westert Gp, et al. Implementation of a lifestyle intervention for type 2 diabetes prevention in Dutch primary care: opportunities for intervention delivery. BMC Fam Pract 2012; 13: 79-89.
51. Noda K, Zhang B, Iwata A, Nishikawa H, Ogawa M, Nomiyama T, et al. Lifestyle changes through the use of delivered meals and dietary counseling in a single-blind study. The STYLIST study. Circ J 2012; 76: 1335-44.
52. Khunti K, Laura JG, Timothy S, Fisher H, Davies MJ. Effectiveness of a diabetes education and self-management programme (DESMOND) for people with newly diagnosed type2 diabetes mellitus: three year follow-up of a cluster randomized controlled trial in primary care. BMJ 2012; 344: e2333.
53. Katagiri S, Nitta H, Nagasawa T, Izumi Y, Kanazawa M, Matsuo A, et al. Effect of glycemic control on periodontitis in type 2 diabetic patients with periodontal disease. J Diabetes Investig 2013; 4: 320-5.
54. Sheiham A, Moyses S, Watt RG, Bonecker M. Promoting the oral health of children. Brasil: Rua Apeninos; 2014.
55. Lamster IB, LallaE, Borgnakke WS, Taylor GW. The relationship between oral health and diabetes mellitus. J Am Dent Assoc 2008; 139: 19-24.
56. Saengtipbovorn S, Taneepanichskul S. Effectiveness of lifestyle change plus dental care (LCDC) program in improving glycemic and periodontal status in aging diabetic patients: A cluster randomized controlled trial. J Periodontal 2015; 86: 507-15.
57. National Health Examination Survey Office (NHESO). The fifth Thai national health examination survey 2014. Bangkok: NHESO; 2017.
58. Kausar S, Burney S, Rehman KUr, Jahanzab Z, Zulfiqar A, Shoaib A. Frequency of periodontitis in diabetes patients. A hospital based study. JIIMC 2019; 14: 150-5.
59. Teeuw WJ, Kosho MX, Poland DC, Gerdes VE, Loos BG. Periodontitis as a possible early sign of diabetes mellitus. BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care 2017; 5: e000326.
60. Sirisuwan P, Deeprom C. Knowledge, perceived benefits and oral health care behaviors among diabetes patients in Wang sub district, Phon Tong district, Roi Et Province. Nursing Public Health and Education Journal 2018; 19: 73-85. (in Thai).
61. Rees TD. Periodontal management of the patient with diabetes mellitus. Periodontol 2000 ;23:63-72.
62. Thomas G. Wilson Jr , Kornman KS. Fundamentals of periodontics. Chicago; Quintessence; 1996: 241-78.
63. Beilker T, Kuczek A, Petersilka G, Flemming TF. In –dental-office screening for diabetes mellitus using gingival crevicular blood. J Clin Periodontol 2002; 29: 216-8.
2. Office of the National Economics and Social Development Council. Thailand Population Estimation Report 2010-2040.(revised version) Bangkok: Office of the National Economics and Social Development Council; 2018.
3. Ratarasarn C. Current situation and cooperation to reform diabetes care in Thailand [internet].2017 [cited Jan 31, 2020]. Available from: https://www.novonordisk.com/content/dam/Denmark/HQ/sustainablebusiness/performance-on-tbl/more-about- how-wework/Creating%20shared%20value/PDF/ Thailand%20Blueprint%20for%20Change_ 2017_TH.pdf (in Thai).
4. Lin J, Thompson TJ, Cheng YJ, Zhuo X, Zhang P, Gregg E, et al. Projection of the future diabetes burden in the United States through 2060. Population Health Metrics 2018; 16: 9. doi:10.1186/s12963-018-0166-4
5. Wild S, Roglic G, Sicree R, King H, Green A. Global prevalence of diabetes estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care 2004; 27: 1047-53.
6. Hfocus.org [internet]. 2019 [cited Jan 31,2020]. Available from: https://www.hfocus.org/content/2019/11/18014. (in Thai).
7. American Diabetes Association. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of medical care in diabetes 2019. Diabetes Care [internet]. 2019 [cited Feb 7,2019]; 42Suppl1: S13-S28. Available from: http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/42/Supplement_1/S13.full-text.pdf.
8. Diabetes Association of Thailand under The Patronage of Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirinthorn. Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes 2017. 3rded. Pathum thani.:Romyen Media; 2017. (in Thai).
9. Leon BM, Maddox TM. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: Epidemiology, biological mechanisms, treatment recommendations and future research. World J Diabetes 2015; 6: 1246–58. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i13.1246
10. Wang HF, Bradley C, Chang TJ, Chuang LM, Yeh MC. Methodology article assessing the impact of diabetes on quality of life: validation of the Chinese version of the 19-item audit of diabetes-dependent quality of life for Taiwan. Int J Qual Health Care 2017; 29: 335–42. doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzx028.
11. Polak D, Shapira L. An update on the evidence for pathogenic mechanisms that may link periodontitis and diabetes. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45: 150-66.
12. Preshaw PM, Bissett SM. Periodontitis and diabetes. Br Dent J 2019; 227: 577–84.
13. Molina CA, Ojeda LF, Jiménez MS, Portillo CM, Olmedo IS, Hernández TM, et al. Diabetes and periodontal diseases: An established two-way relationship. Journal of Diabetes Mellitus [Internet] 2016 [cited Jan 31,2020]; 6: 209-29. Available from: http://www.scirp.org/journal/jdm
14. Taylor GW, Burt BA, Becker MP, Genco RJ, Shlossman M, Knowler WC, et al. Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and Alveolar Bone Loss Progression Over 2 Years. J Periodontol 1998; 69: 76-83.
15. Graziani F, Gennai S, Solini A, Petrini M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic observational evidence on the effect of periodontitis on diabetes. An update of the EFP-AAP review. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45: 167-87.
16. Mealey B, Ocampo G. Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000 2007; 44: 127-53. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0757.2006.00193.x.
17. Ide R, Hoshuyama T, Wilson D, Takahashi K, Higashi T. Periodontal disease and incident diabetes: a seven-year study. J Dent Res 2011; 90: 41–6. doi: 10.1177/0022034510381902.
18. Veena HR, Natesh S, Patil SR. Association between diabetic retinopathy and chronic periodontitis-a cross-sectional study. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6: E104. doi: 10.3390/medsci6040104
19. Allen EM, Ziada HM, O’Halloran D, Clerehugh V, Allen PF. Attitudes, awareness and oral health-related quality of life in patients with diabetes. J Oral Rehabil 2008; 35: 218–23.
20. López-Pintor RM, Casañas E, González-Serrano J, Serrano J, Ramírez L, de Arriba L, et al. Xerostomia, hyposalivation, and salivary flow in diabetes patients. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016: 1-15. doi: 10.1155/2016/4372852
21. Verhulst MJL, Loos BG, Gerdes VEA, Teeuw WJ. Evaluating all potential oral complications of diabetes mellitus. Front. Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10: 56. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00056.
22. Laosrisin N, Sema J, Lawnub N. Inflammatory mediators in patients with chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes. SWU Dent 2014; 7: 43-56. (in Thai).
23. 23. Trombelli L, Farina R, Silva CO, Tatakis DN. Plaque‐induced gingivitis: Case definition and diagnostic considerations. Journal of Periodontology 2018; 89Suppl1: S46-S73. doi:10.1002/JPER.17-0576.
24. Loe H. Periodontal disease: the sixth complication of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 1993; 16: 329-34.
25. Lamster IB, Lalla E, Borgnakke WS, Taylor GW. The relationship between oral health and diabetes mellitus. J Am Dent Assoc 2008; 139: 19-24.
26. 26. Rajhans NS, Kohad RM, Chaudhari VG, Mhaske NH. A clinical study of the relationship between diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease. J Indian Soc Periodontal 2011; 15: 388–92.
27. Moore PA, Weyant RJ, Etzel KR, Guggenheimer J, Mongelluzzo MB, Myers DE, et al. Type 1 diabetes mellitus and oral health: assessment of coronal and root caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2001; 29: 183-94.
28. Collin HL, Uusitupa M, Niskanen L, Koivisto AM, Markkanen H, Meurman JH. Caries in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1998; 85: 680-5.
29. Hill LV, Tan MH, Pereira LH, Embil JA. Association of oral candidiasis with diabetic control. J Clin Pathol 1989; 42: 502-5.
30. Kadir T, Pisiriciler R, Akyüz S, Yarat A, Emekli N, Ipbüker A. Mycological and cytological examination of oral candidal carriage in diabetic patients and non-diabetic control subjects: thorugh analysis of local aetiologic and systemic factors. J Oral Rehabil 2002; 29: 452-7.
31. Fisher BM, Lamey PJ, Samaranayake LP, MacFarlane TW, Frier BM. Carriage of candida species in the oral cavity in diabetic patients: relationship to glycemic control. J Oral Pathol 1987; 16: 282-4.
32. Guggenheimer J, Moore PA, Rossie K, Mayers D, Mongelluzzo MB, Block HM, et al. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and oral soft tissue pathologies:II. Prevalence and characteristics of candida and candidal lesions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2000; 89: 570-6.
33. Phelan JA, Levin SM. A prevalence study of denture stomatitis in subjects with diabetes mellitus or elevated plasma glucose level. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1986; 62: 303-5.
34. Grushka M, Epstein J, Mott A. An open-label, dose escalation pilot study of the effect of clonazepam in burning mouth syndrome. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1998; 86: 557-61.
35. Parros P, MacFarlane TW, Counsell C, Frier BM. Alterated taste sensation in newly-diagnosed NIDDM. Diabetes Care 1996; 19: 768-70.
36. Russotto SB. Asymptomatic parotid gland enlargement in diabetes mellitus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1981; 52: 594-8.
37. Scully C, Beyli M, Ferreiro MC, Ficarra G, Gill Y, Griffiths M, et al. Update on oral lichen planus: Etiopathogenesis and management. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1998; 9: 86-122.
38. Wysocki GP, Daley TD. Benign migratory glossitis in patients with juvenile diabetes. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1987; 63: 68-70.
39. Eldarrat AH. Diabetic patients: Their knowledge and perception of oral health. Libyan J Med 2011; 6: 5691.
40. Shanmukappa SM, Nadig P, Puttannavar R, Ambareen Z, Gowda TM, Mehta DS. Knowledge, attitude and awareness among diabetic patients in Davangere about the association between diabetes and periodontal disease. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2017; 7: 381–8.
41. Bowyer V, Sutcliffe P, Ireland R, Lindenmeyer A, Gadsby R, Graveney M, et al. Oral health awareness in adult patients with diabetes: A questionnaire study. Br Dent J 2011; 211: E12.
42. Maneewong U, Nantichai M. The relationship between oral health status and the multidimensional health locus of control among new case diabetes patients located in Maetha district, Lampang Province. Th Dent PH J 2008; 13: 146-58. (in Thai).
43. Homkaenchan S. Factors related to oral health care behaviors of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in sub-district health promoting hospitals, Maetha district, Lampang province. Master of Public Health Major in Health Promotion Management. Thammasat University; 2016.(in Thai).
44. Bureau of Dental Health, Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health. Dental Health Plan for the Elderly in Thailand (2015-2022) [internet]. [cited Feb 2,2020]. Available from: http://dental2.anamai.moph.go.th/download/article/suta.pdf.(in Thai).
45. Bureau of Dental Health, Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health. Guideline for Dental Public Health Operation in 2019 [internet]. [cited Feb 2,2020]. Available from: http://dental2.anamai.moph.go.th/download/elderly/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%992562.pdf (in Thai).
46. Bureau of Dental Health, Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health. Guideline for Dental Public Health Operation in 2015 [internet]. [cited Feb 2,2020]. Available from: http://dental.anamai.moph.go.th/elderly/2558/GuidelineDH58.pdf (in Thai).
47. Saengtipbovorn S. Effectiveness of Brief Lifestyle Change Plus Dental Care (Brief-LCDC) program in improving glycemic and periodontal status among type 2 diabetes patients: A clinical controlled trial. J DENT ASSOC THAI 2019; 69: 417-30. (in Thai).
48. Reusch JE, Manson JE. Management of type 2 diabetes in 2017 getting to goal. JAMA 2017; 317: 1015-6.
49. Gao X, LoE C, Kot SC, Chan KC. Motivational interviewing in improving oral health: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Periodontal 2014; 85: 426-37.
50. Vermunt PW, Ivon EM, Frits W, Baan CA, Schelfhout JD, Westert Gp, et al. Implementation of a lifestyle intervention for type 2 diabetes prevention in Dutch primary care: opportunities for intervention delivery. BMC Fam Pract 2012; 13: 79-89.
51. Noda K, Zhang B, Iwata A, Nishikawa H, Ogawa M, Nomiyama T, et al. Lifestyle changes through the use of delivered meals and dietary counseling in a single-blind study. The STYLIST study. Circ J 2012; 76: 1335-44.
52. Khunti K, Laura JG, Timothy S, Fisher H, Davies MJ. Effectiveness of a diabetes education and self-management programme (DESMOND) for people with newly diagnosed type2 diabetes mellitus: three year follow-up of a cluster randomized controlled trial in primary care. BMJ 2012; 344: e2333.
53. Katagiri S, Nitta H, Nagasawa T, Izumi Y, Kanazawa M, Matsuo A, et al. Effect of glycemic control on periodontitis in type 2 diabetic patients with periodontal disease. J Diabetes Investig 2013; 4: 320-5.
54. Sheiham A, Moyses S, Watt RG, Bonecker M. Promoting the oral health of children. Brasil: Rua Apeninos; 2014.
55. Lamster IB, LallaE, Borgnakke WS, Taylor GW. The relationship between oral health and diabetes mellitus. J Am Dent Assoc 2008; 139: 19-24.
56. Saengtipbovorn S, Taneepanichskul S. Effectiveness of lifestyle change plus dental care (LCDC) program in improving glycemic and periodontal status in aging diabetic patients: A cluster randomized controlled trial. J Periodontal 2015; 86: 507-15.
57. National Health Examination Survey Office (NHESO). The fifth Thai national health examination survey 2014. Bangkok: NHESO; 2017.
58. Kausar S, Burney S, Rehman KUr, Jahanzab Z, Zulfiqar A, Shoaib A. Frequency of periodontitis in diabetes patients. A hospital based study. JIIMC 2019; 14: 150-5.
59. Teeuw WJ, Kosho MX, Poland DC, Gerdes VE, Loos BG. Periodontitis as a possible early sign of diabetes mellitus. BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care 2017; 5: e000326.
60. Sirisuwan P, Deeprom C. Knowledge, perceived benefits and oral health care behaviors among diabetes patients in Wang sub district, Phon Tong district, Roi Et Province. Nursing Public Health and Education Journal 2018; 19: 73-85. (in Thai).
61. Rees TD. Periodontal management of the patient with diabetes mellitus. Periodontol 2000 ;23:63-72.
62. Thomas G. Wilson Jr , Kornman KS. Fundamentals of periodontics. Chicago; Quintessence; 1996: 241-78.
63. Beilker T, Kuczek A, Petersilka G, Flemming TF. In –dental-office screening for diabetes mellitus using gingival crevicular blood. J Clin Periodontol 2002; 29: 216-8.
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2020-06-04
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Asawakun W. Oral Health Promotion and Diabetes Prevention in the Elder. SRIMEDJ [Internet]. 2020 Jun. 4 [cited 2024 Nov. 5];35(3):362-70. Available from: https://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SRIMEDJ/article/view/243996
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