Outcomes of Pharmacist Intervention in Schizophrenic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Keywords:
Schizophrenia; Pharmacist interventionAbstract
Background and Objective: There are many pharmacy interventions for schizophrenic patients. This study aimed to systematically review the literatures and conduct a meta-analysis on the outcomes of pharmacist intervention in schizophrenia patients.
Methods: Research articles from international electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, Science Direct, PSyINFO) and Thai electronic databases were searched and collected. The randomized controlled trials that investigated the outcomes of medication adherence, clinical outcomes and quality of life were selected. The analysis method depended on the heterogeneity. The random-effect model was used when the data was heterogeneity, whereas the fix-effect model was used when the data was not heterogeneity. The pool estimation was analyzed to report the standard mean difference (SMD) and benefit ratio, and the proportion of patients with improvement of outcome (as relative risk).
Results: There were nine studies with a total of 673 schizophrenia patients met the inclusion criteria. Results of meta-analysis showed that the pharmacist intervention statistically significant affected on the medication adherence. The mean score of medication adherence of patients in the pharmacist intervention group were more than the control group (SMD=0.60, 95% CI 0.41, 0.79) and the pooled relative risk for medication adherence was 1.13 (95% CI 1.07, 1.19).
Conclusion: pharmacist intervention improved the medical adherence of schizophrenic patients.
References
เอกสารอ้างอิง
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2. Hickling LM, Kouvaras S, Nterian Z, Perez-Iglesias R. Non-adherence to antipsychotic medication in first-episode psychosis patients. Psychiatry Res 2018;264:151-4.
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9. Saklad SR, Ereshefsky L, Jann MW, Crismon ML. Clinical pharmacists' impact on prescribing in an acute adult psychiatric facility. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 1984; 18(7-8): 632-634.
10. Bultman DC, Svarstad BL. Effects of pharmacist monitoring on patient satisfaction with antidepressant medication therapy. J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash) 2002; 42(1): 36-43.
11. Klang SH, Ben-Amnon Y, Cohen Y, Barak Y. Community pharmacists' support improves antidepressant adherence in the community. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2015; 30(6): 316-319.
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18. Readdean KC, Heuer AJ, Scott Parrott J. Effect of pharmacist intervention on improving antidepressant medication adherence and depression symptomology: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Social Adm Pharm 2018; 14(4): 321-331.
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26. Kaeokumbong C, Chaiyakum A. Effectiveness of Pharmaceutical Care at Schizophrenia Clinic in Psychiatric Hospital. Isan J Pharm Sci 2015; 11(Supplement): 159-167.
27. Kanjanasilp J, Ploylearmsang C. A short term outcomes of pharmaceutical care in Thai patients with schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial. SJST 2016; 38(2): 189-197.
28. Wiriyasirisakul T, sariyachaikul T, Kanjanasilp J, Suttiruksa S. Outcomes of Pharmaceutical Care in Outpatients with Schizophrenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Thai J Pharm Prac 2016; 8(2): 377-387.
29. Mishra A, Sai Krishna G, Sravani A, Kurian TD, Kurian J, Ramesh M, et al. Impact of pharmacist-led collaborative patient education on medication adherence and quality of life of schizophrenia patients in a tertiary care setting. Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University. 2017;55(2):345-349.
30. Sathienluckana T, Unaharassamee W, Suthisisang C, Suanchang O, Suansanae T. Anticholinergic discontinuation and cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia: a pharmacist-physician collaboration in the outpatient department. Integr Pharm Res Pract 2018;7:161-171.
31. Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ 2003; 327(7414): 557-560.
32. Chien WT, Leung SF, Yeung FK, Wong WK. Current approaches to treatments for schizophrenia spectrum disorders, part II: psychosocial interventions and patient-focused perspectives in psychiatric care. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2013; 9: 1463-1481.
33. Annual Report 2019 [Internet]. Department of Mental, Health Ministry of Public Health. 2019 [cited June, 3 2020]. Available from: https://www.dmh.go.th/report/dmh/rpt_year/view.asp?id=457.
34. Semahegn A, Torpey K, Manu A, Assefa N, Tesfaye G, Ankomah A. Psychotropic medication non-adherence and its associated factors among patients with major psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev.2018;7(1):10. doi: 10.1186/s13643-018-0676-y.
35. Fortney JC, Pyne JM, Kimbrell TA, Hudson TJ, Robinson DE, Schneider R, et al. Telemedicine-based collaborative care for posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry 2015; 72(1): 58-67.
36. Marques LA, Galduróz JC, Fernandes MR, Oliveira CC, Beijo LA, Noto AR. Assessment of the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy follow-up in patients treated for depression. J Manag Care Pharm 2013; 19(3): 218-227.
37. Mishra A, Krishna GS, Alla S, Kurian TD, Kurian J, Ramesh M, et al. Impact of Pharmacist-Psychiatrist Collaborative Patient Education on Medication Adherence and Quality of Life (QOL) of Bipolar Affective Disorder (BPAD) Patients. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8: 722. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00722.
38. Valenstein M, Kavanagh J, Lee T, Reilly P, Dalack GW, Grabowski J, et al. Using a pharmacy-based intervention to improve antipsychotic adherence among patients with serious mental illness. Schizophr bull 2011; 37(4): 727-736.
39. Brook OH, van Hout H, Stalman W, Nieuwenhuyse H, Bakker B, Heerdink E, et al. A pharmacy-based coaching program to improve adherence to antidepressant treatment among primary care patients. Psychiatr Serv 2005; 56(4): 487-489.
40. Capoccia KL, Boudreau DM, Blough DK, Ellsworth AJ, Clark DR, Stevens NG, et al. Randomized trial of pharmacist interventions to improve depression care and outcomes in primary care. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2004; 61(4): 364-372.
41. Finley PR, Rens HR, Pont JT, Gess SL, Louie C, Bull SA, et al. Impact of a collaborative care model on depression in a primary care setting: a randomized controlled trial. Pharmacotherapy 2003;23(9): 1175-1185.
42. Rubio-Valera M, March Pujol M, Fernández A, Peñarrubia-María MT, Travé P, López del Hoyo Y, et al. Evaluation of a pharmacist intervention on patients initiating pharmacological treatment for depression: A randomized controlled superiority trial. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 23(9): 1057-1066.
1. Phanthunane P, Vos T, Whiteford H, Bertram M, Udomratn P. Schizophrenia in Thailand: prevalence and burden of disease. Popul Health Metr 2010; 8: 24.
2. Hickling LM, Kouvaras S, Nterian Z, Perez-Iglesias R. Non-adherence to antipsychotic medication in first-episode psychosis patients. Psychiatry Res 2018;264:151-4.
3. Weiden P, Zygmunt AJAJPPBH. Medication noncompliance in schizophrenia. Part I Assessment. J Psychiatr Pract 1997; 3: 106-110.
4. Lieberman JA, Stroup TS, McEvoy JP, Swartz MS, Rosenheck RA, Perkins DO, et al. Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in patients with chronic schizophrenia. N Engl J Med 2005; 353(12): 1209-1023.
5. Alexander B, Nasrallah HA, Perry PJ, Liskow BI, Dunner FJ. The impact of psychopharmacology education on prescribing practices. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1983; 34(12): 1150-1153.
6. Gray DR, Namikas EA, Sax MJ, Brinkman J, Cheung A, Gordon M, et al. Clinical pharmacists as allied health care providers to psychiatric patients. Contemp Pharm Pract 1979; 2(3): 108-116.
7. Kaplan G, Casoy J, Zummo J. Impact of long-acting injectable antipsychotics on medication adherence and clinical, functional, and economic outcomes of schizophrenia. Patient Prefer Adherence 2013; 7: 1171-1180.
8. Wolf C, Pauly A, Mayr A, Grömer T, Lenz B, Kornhuber J, et al. Pharmacist-Led Medication Reviews to Identify and Collaboratively Resolve Drug-Related Problems in Psychiatry - A Controlled, Clinical Trial. PloS One 2015; 10(11): e0142011.
9. Saklad SR, Ereshefsky L, Jann MW, Crismon ML. Clinical pharmacists' impact on prescribing in an acute adult psychiatric facility. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 1984; 18(7-8): 632-634.
10. Bultman DC, Svarstad BL. Effects of pharmacist monitoring on patient satisfaction with antidepressant medication therapy. J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash) 2002; 42(1): 36-43.
11. Klang SH, Ben-Amnon Y, Cohen Y, Barak Y. Community pharmacists' support improves antidepressant adherence in the community. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2015; 30(6): 316-319.
12. Bell S, McLachlan AJ, Aslani P, Whitehead P, Chen TF. Community pharmacy services to optimise the use of medications for mental illness: a systematic review. Aust New Zealand Health Policy 2005; 2: 29.
13. Richardson TE, O'Reilly CL, Chen TF. A comprehensive review of the impact of clinical pharmacy services on patient outcomes in mental health. Int J Clin Pharm 2014; 36(2): 222-232.
14. Silva SN, Lima MG, Ruas CM. Pharmaceutical interventions in mental health: A review of the literature to support evidence-informed policymaking. Social Adm Pharm 2018; 14(10): 891-900.
15. Thavornwattanayong W, Samprasit N. Outcome of Pharmaceutical Care in Patients with Psychiatric Disorder: A Systematic Review. JHSR 2018; 12(4): 590-607.
16. Al-Jumah KA, Qureshi NA. Impact of pharmacist interventions on patients' adherence to antidepressants and patient-reported outcomes: a systematic review. Patient Prefer Adherence 2012; 6: 87-100.
17. Chong WW, Aslani P, Chen TF. Effectiveness of interventions to improve antidepressant medication adherence: a systematic review. Int J Clin Pharm 2011; 65(9): 954-975.
18. Readdean KC, Heuer AJ, Scott Parrott J. Effect of pharmacist intervention on improving antidepressant medication adherence and depression symptomology: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Social Adm Pharm 2018; 14(4): 321-331.
19. Rubio-Valera M, Serrano-Blanco A, Magdalena-Belío J, Fernández A, García-Campayo J, Pujol MM, et al. Effectiveness of pharmacist care in the improvement of adherence to antidepressants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Pharmacother 2011; 45(1): 39-48.
20. Sterne JAC, Savović J, Page MJ, Elbers RG, Blencowe NS, Boutron I, et al. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 2019; 366: l4898.
21. Onsombat W. Outcome of pharmaceutical care in schizophrenia outpatients on antipsychotics adherence in KhonKaen Rajanagarindra psychiatric hospital [dissertation]. Mahasarakham: Mahasarakham university; 2009.
22. Rat-anan P. Outcome of pharmaceutical care in schizophrenia outpatients at Nakonratchasima Rajanagarindra psychiatric hospital [dissertation]. Mahasarakham: Mahasarakham university; 2010.
23. Chummuangpak P. Cost-effectiveness of pharmaceutical care in schizophrenia out patients: A study in Prasrimahabhodi Psychiatric hospital. Ubonratchathani [dissertation]. Mahasarakham: Mahasarakham university; 2010.
24. Kenkratoke J. Pharmaceutical care in patients with schizophrenia and drug counseling for caregivers at Nakon Ratchasima Rajanagarindra psychiatric hospital [dissertation]. Mahasarakham: Mahasarakham university; 2011.
25. Kenkratoke J, Kanjanasilp J, Leelathanaroek A, Dudsadeeprasert J. Effect of pharmaceutical care in patients with schizophrenia and drug counseling for caregivers at Nakhon Ratchasima Rajanagarindra psychiatric hospital. Journal of Nakhon Ratchasima Rajanagrindra Psychiatric Hospital. 2010-2011;11(1):40-50.
26. Kaeokumbong C, Chaiyakum A. Effectiveness of Pharmaceutical Care at Schizophrenia Clinic in Psychiatric Hospital. Isan J Pharm Sci 2015; 11(Supplement): 159-167.
27. Kanjanasilp J, Ploylearmsang C. A short term outcomes of pharmaceutical care in Thai patients with schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial. SJST 2016; 38(2): 189-197.
28. Wiriyasirisakul T, sariyachaikul T, Kanjanasilp J, Suttiruksa S. Outcomes of Pharmaceutical Care in Outpatients with Schizophrenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Thai J Pharm Prac 2016; 8(2): 377-387.
29. Mishra A, Sai Krishna G, Sravani A, Kurian TD, Kurian J, Ramesh M, et al. Impact of pharmacist-led collaborative patient education on medication adherence and quality of life of schizophrenia patients in a tertiary care setting. Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University. 2017;55(2):345-349.
30. Sathienluckana T, Unaharassamee W, Suthisisang C, Suanchang O, Suansanae T. Anticholinergic discontinuation and cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia: a pharmacist-physician collaboration in the outpatient department. Integr Pharm Res Pract 2018;7:161-171.
31. Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ 2003; 327(7414): 557-560.
32. Chien WT, Leung SF, Yeung FK, Wong WK. Current approaches to treatments for schizophrenia spectrum disorders, part II: psychosocial interventions and patient-focused perspectives in psychiatric care. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2013; 9: 1463-1481.
33. Annual Report 2019 [Internet]. Department of Mental, Health Ministry of Public Health. 2019 [cited June, 3 2020]. Available from: https://www.dmh.go.th/report/dmh/rpt_year/view.asp?id=457.
34. Semahegn A, Torpey K, Manu A, Assefa N, Tesfaye G, Ankomah A. Psychotropic medication non-adherence and its associated factors among patients with major psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev.2018;7(1):10. doi: 10.1186/s13643-018-0676-y.
35. Fortney JC, Pyne JM, Kimbrell TA, Hudson TJ, Robinson DE, Schneider R, et al. Telemedicine-based collaborative care for posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry 2015; 72(1): 58-67.
36. Marques LA, Galduróz JC, Fernandes MR, Oliveira CC, Beijo LA, Noto AR. Assessment of the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy follow-up in patients treated for depression. J Manag Care Pharm 2013; 19(3): 218-227.
37. Mishra A, Krishna GS, Alla S, Kurian TD, Kurian J, Ramesh M, et al. Impact of Pharmacist-Psychiatrist Collaborative Patient Education on Medication Adherence and Quality of Life (QOL) of Bipolar Affective Disorder (BPAD) Patients. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8: 722. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00722.
38. Valenstein M, Kavanagh J, Lee T, Reilly P, Dalack GW, Grabowski J, et al. Using a pharmacy-based intervention to improve antipsychotic adherence among patients with serious mental illness. Schizophr bull 2011; 37(4): 727-736.
39. Brook OH, van Hout H, Stalman W, Nieuwenhuyse H, Bakker B, Heerdink E, et al. A pharmacy-based coaching program to improve adherence to antidepressant treatment among primary care patients. Psychiatr Serv 2005; 56(4): 487-489.
40. Capoccia KL, Boudreau DM, Blough DK, Ellsworth AJ, Clark DR, Stevens NG, et al. Randomized trial of pharmacist interventions to improve depression care and outcomes in primary care. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2004; 61(4): 364-372.
41. Finley PR, Rens HR, Pont JT, Gess SL, Louie C, Bull SA, et al. Impact of a collaborative care model on depression in a primary care setting: a randomized controlled trial. Pharmacotherapy 2003;23(9): 1175-1185.
42. Rubio-Valera M, March Pujol M, Fernández A, Peñarrubia-María MT, Travé P, López del Hoyo Y, et al. Evaluation of a pharmacist intervention on patients initiating pharmacological treatment for depression: A randomized controlled superiority trial. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 23(9): 1057-1066.
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2020-09-08
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Samprasit N, Bunchuailua W, Kapol N. Outcomes of Pharmacist Intervention in Schizophrenic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials . SRIMEDJ [Internet]. 2020 Sep. 8 [cited 2024 Apr. 26];35(5):576-83. Available from: https://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SRIMEDJ/article/view/246693
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