The Clinicopathologic Features, Survival Rate and Prognostic Factors on Survival of Patients with Stomach Cancer
Keywords:
stomach cancer, survival rate, prognostic factorsAbstract
Background and Objectives: Every year, a large number of people worldwide suffer from gastric cancer and die from stomach cancer. The objective of the study was to explore the clinicopathological characteristics, survival rate, and prognostic factors of stomach cancer patients.
Methods: These was a retrospective cohort study, all data were collected from medical record of patients with stomach cancer at Roi Et hospitals between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2020, and were follow-up for the final vital status or end of the study period on April 30, 2022. Data analysis used descriptive statistics, The Kaplan-Meier survival curve , Log rank test, and Cox proportional hazard model. The statistical significance was set at p<0.05.
Results: Of 354 patients, most of them were male 61.58%, mean age of 59.76± 13.35 years , cancer Stage IV 53.95%, and H. pylori infection 62.15%. The total follow-up times were 4,898 person-months. Of 308 cases died at the end of the study with an incidence rate of 6.28 per 100 person-months. The overall median survival time was 5.30 months. The 1, 3, and 5 years survival were 31.92%, 13.29%, and 10.85% respectively. The prognosis factors on survival of patient were cancer stage IV (Adj HR.: 3.22; 95% CI; 1.57-6.60), direct extension (Adj HR.: 2.43; 95% CI; 1.43-4.12), cancer metastasis to lung / pleura (Adj HR.: 2.67; 95% CI; 1.17-6.08), peritoneum (Adj HR.: 2.04; 95% CI; 1.03-4.04), bone (Adj HR.: 3.16; 95% CI; 1.99-10.06), brain (Adj HR.: 12.73; 95% CI; 1.69-95.55), lymph node (Adj HR.: 1.92; 95% CI; 1.04-3.54), multiple sites (Adj.HR: 2.11; 95% CI; 1.54-2.88), H. pylori infection (Adj.HR: 3.63 (2.79-4.74), and supportive treatment (Adj HR.: 2.45; 95% CI; 1.93-3.10)
Conclusion: This study revealed that survival of stomach cancer patient associated with advanced stage of diseases, H. pylori infection, metastasis of the cancer to other organs and supportive treatment. Early detection and diagnosis, and accessing effective treatments at the right time were essential factors that increased survival of patients.
References
Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C, Parkin DM. Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. Int J Cancer 2010;127(12):2893–917.
Jemal A, Center MM, DeSantis C, Ward EM. Global patterns of cancer incidence and mortality rates and trends. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev Publ Am Assoc Cancer Res Cosponsored Am Soc Prev Oncol 2010;19(8):1893–907.
Forman D, Burley VJ. Gastric cancer: global pattern of the disease and an overview of environmental risk factors. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2006;20(4):633–49.
Siegel R, Ma J, Zou Z, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2014. CA Cancer J Clin 2014;64(1):9–29.
Karimi P, Islami F, Anandasabapathy S, Freedman ND, Kamangar F. Gastric Cancer: Descriptive Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Screening, and Prevention. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev Publ Am Assoc Cancer Res Cosponsored Am Soc Prev Oncol 2014;23(5):700–13.
Camargo MC, Kim WH, Chiaravalli AM, Kim KM, Corvalan AH, Matsuo K, et al. Improved survival of gastric cancer with tumour Epstein–Barr virus positivity: an international pooled analysis. Gut 2014;63(2):236–43.
Sanduleanu S, Jonkers D, De Bruine A, Hameeteman W, Stockbrügger RW. Non-Helicobacter pylori bacterial flora during acid-suppressive therapy: differential findings in gastric juice and gastric mucosa. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001;15(3):379–88.
Lauren P. THE Two histological main types of gastric carcinoma: diffuse and so-called intestinal-type carcinoma. an attempt at a histo-clinical classification. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 1965;64:31–49.
Correa P, Sasano N, Stemmermann GN, Haenszel W. Pathology of gastric carcinoma in Japanese populations: comparisons between Miyagi prefecture, Japan, and Hawaii. J Natl Cancer Inst 1973;51(5):1449–59.
Muñoz N, Correa P, Cuello C, Duque E. Histologic types of gastric carcinoma in high- and low-risk areas. Int J Cancer 1968;3(6):809–18.
Kaneko S, Yoshimura T. Time trend analysis of gastric cancer incidence in Japan by histological types, 1975-1989. Br J Cancer 2001;84(3):400–5.
Henson DE, Dittus C, Younes M, Nguyen H, Albores-Saavedra J. Differential trends in the intestinal and diffuse types of gastric carcinoma in the United States, 1973-2000: increase in the signet ring cell type. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2004;128(7):765–70.
Jemal A, Thomas A, Murray T, Thun M. Cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin 2002;52(1):23–47.
Verdecchia A, Corazziari I, Gatta G, Lisi D, Faivre J, Forman D, et al. Explaining gastric cancer survival differences among European countries. Int J Cancer 2004;109(5):737–41.
Siegel R, Ma J, Zou Z, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2014. CA Cancer J Clin 2014;64(1):9–29.
Cunningham SC, Kamangar F, Kim MP, Hammoud S, Haque R, Maitra A, et al. Survival after gastric adenocarcinoma resection: eighteen-year experience at a single institution. J Gastrointest Surg Off J Soc Surg Aliment Tract 2005;9(5):718–25.
Isobe Y, Nashimoto A, Akazawa K, Oda I, Hayashi K, Miyashiro I, et al. Gastric cancer treatment in Japan: 2008 annual report of the JGCA nationwide registry. Gastric Cancer 2011;14(4):301–16.
Bollschweiler E, Boettcher K, Hoelscher AH, Sasako M, Kinoshita T, Maruyama K, et al. Is the prognosis for Japanese and German patients with gastric cancer really different? Cancer 1993;71(10):2918–25.
Liu KJM, Loewen M, Atten MJ, Millikan K, Tebbit C, Walter RJ. The survival of stage III gastric cancer patients is affected by the number of lymph nodes removed. Surgery 2003;134(4):639–44; discussion 644-646.
Ozer I, Bostanci EB, Orug T, Ozogul YB, Ulas M, Ercan M, et al. Surgical outcomes and survival after multiorgan resection for locally advanced gastric cancer. Am J Surg 2009;198(1):25–30.
De Gara CJ, Hanson J, Hamilton S. A population-based study of tumor-node relationship, resection margins, and surgeon volume on gastric cancer survival. Am J Surg 2003;186(1):23–7.
Subsomwong P, Miftahussurur M, Uchida T, Vilaichone R korn, Ratanachu-ek T, Mahachai V, et al. Prevalence, risk factors, and virulence genes of Helicobacter pylori among dyspeptic patients in two different gastric cancer risk regions of Thailand. PLoS ONE 2017;12(10):e0187113.
Sahara S, Sugimoto M, Vilaichone RK, Mahachai V, Miyajima H, Furuta T, et al. Role of Helicobacter pylori cagA EPIYA motif and vacA genotypes for the development of gastrointestinal diseases in Southeast Asian countries: a meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2012;12:223.
Punjachaipornpon T, Mahachai V, Vilaichone R. Severe Manifestations and Grave Prognosis in Young Patients with Gastric Cancer in Thailand. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev APJCP 2016;17(7):3427–9.
Nanthanangkul S, Suwanrungruang K, Wiangnon S, Promthet S. Survival of Stomach Cancer Cases in Khon Kaen, Thailand 2000-2012. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016;17(4):2125–9.
Suwanrungruang K, Sriamporn S, Wiangnon S, Rangsrikajee D, Sookprasert A, Thipsuntornsak N, et al. Lifestyle-related risk factors for stomach cancer in northeast Thailand. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev APJCP 2008;9(1):71–5.
Wanebo HJ, Kennedy BJ, Chmiel J, Steele G, Winchester D, Osteen R. Cancer of the stomach. A patient care study by the American College of Surgeons. Ann Surg 1993;218(5):583–92.
Kameya S, Noda A, Isobe E, Watanabe T. The sign of Leser-Trélat associated with carcinoma of the stomach. Am J Gastroenterol 1988;83(6):664–6.
Yu Q, Li XL, Ji G, Wang Y, Gong Y, Xu H, et al. Malignant acanthosis nigricans: an early diagnostic clue for gastric adenocarcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2017;15:208.
Kulig P, Sierzega M, Kowalczyk T, Kolodziejczyk P, Kulig J. Non-curative gastrectomy for metastatic gastric cancer: Rationale and long-term outcome in multicenter settings. Eur J Surg Oncol 2012;38(6):490–6.
Dong C, Jiang M, Tan Y, Kong Y, Yang Z, Zhong C, et al. The clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of gastric squamous cell carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016;95(34):e4720.
Khedmat H, Panahian M, Mashahdian M, Rajabpour MV, Zendehdel K. Prognostic factors and survival in stomach cancer - analysis of 15 years of data from a referral hospital in iran and evaluation of international variation. Onkologie 2011;34(4):178–82.
Liang W, Gao Y, Li J, Cui J, Xi H, Cai A, et al. [Clinicopathologic features and prognostic analysis of 104 patients with gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms]. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi Chin J Gastrointest Surg 2016;19(4):427–31.
Sun D, Xu H, Huang J. [Prognostic factors of lymph node-negative metastasis gastric cancer]. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi Chin J Gastrointest Surg 2017;20(2):190–4.
Zhu Z, Sun X, Wang J, Sun Z, Wang Z, Zheng X, et al. Histopathology-based prognostic score is independent prognostic factor of gastric carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2014;14(1).
Sheen-Chen SM, Chou CW, Chen MC, Chen FC, Chen YS, Chen JJ. Adenocarcinoma in the middle third of the stomach--an evaluation for the prognostic significance of clinicopathological features. Hepatogastroenterology 1997;44(17):1488–94.
Yokota T, Kunii Y, Saito T, Teshima S, Narushima Y, Yamada Y, et al. Clinicopathologic prognostic factors in patients with Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer: univariate and multivariate analyses. Ups J Med Sci 2000;105(3):227–34.
Putthanachote N, Promthet S, Suwanrungruan K, Chopjitt P, Wiangnon S, Chen LS, et al. XRCC1 Gene Polymorphism, Clinicopathological Characteristics and Stomach Cancer Survival in Thailand. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015;16(14):6111–6.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Srinagarind Medical Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
