Prevalence and Risk Factors of Testosterone Deficiency in Working Age Men at Wellness Center Clinic, Roi Et Hospital
Keywords:
Hormone deficiency, Testosterone, Wellness center clinicAbstract
Background and Objective: The testosterone deficiency in working age men should get attention both diagnostic and therapeutic because its association with the occurrence of metabolic syndrome. The objective of this study was to study prevalence and risk factors of testosterone deficiency in working age men at the Wellness center clinic, Roi Et Hospital.
Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. Data were collected from the medical records of working age men who attended annual health check-ups at Wellness center clinic, Roi Et Hospital between January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022. The study subjects were 897 cases. Testosterone deficiency screening was used ADAM questionnaire and blood test for testosterone level. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, univariate analysis and multiple logistic regressions. The statistically significant was set at p<0.05.
Results: The overall with mean age was 52.07±5.66 years, most of them were married 89.97%, bachelor's degree education 87.51%, mean body mass index 25.05± 3.61 kg/m2, mean waist circumference 35.92±11.88 inches. The prevalence of testosterone deficiency was 11.37%. The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed risk factors of testosterone deficiency were age 41-50 years (Adj. OR=2.60; 95%CI: 1.31-21.80), 50-60 years (Adj. OR=4.79; 95%CI). : 1.56-40.38), body mass index greater than 30 kg/m2 (Adj. OR=3.71; 95%CI: 1.39-15.56), waist circumference greater than 36 inches (Adj. OR=2.59; 95%CI: 1.22-5.75), type 2 diabetesmellitus (Adj. OR=2.78; 95%CI: 1.14-4.75), type 2 diabetes mellitus with hypertension (Adj. OR=4.05; 95%CI: 1.89-8.68), and cardiovascular diseases (Adj. OR=4.63; 95%CI: 2.13-12.27).
Conclusion: This study showed that prevalence rate of testosterone deficiency in working age men was 11.37 % and risk factors for testosterone deficiency were those who had over 40 years old, obesity, type 2 diabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus with hypertension, and cardiovascular disease.
References
Shlomo M, Kenneth SP, Reed LP, Henry MK. (2015-11-30). Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. First Press. Elsevier Health Science 2015:711-. ISBN 978-0-323-29738-7.
Payne AH, O’Shaughnessy P. Structure, function, and regulation of steroidogenic enzymes in the Leydig cell. Leydig Cell. Vienna [Il]: Cache River Press; 1996:260–85. ISBN 0-9627422-7-9.
Swerdloff RS, Wang C, Bhasin S. 10 Developments in the control of testicular function. Baillières Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992;6(2):451–83. doi.org/10.1016/S0950-351X(05)80158-2
Yazdani N, Branch SM. Daily subcutaneous testosterone for management of testosterone deficiency. Front Biosci-Elite 2018;10(2):334–43. doi.org/10.2741/e825
Miner M, Barkin J, Rosenberg MT. Testosterone deficiency: myth, facts, and controversy. Can J Urol 2014;21(Suppl 2):39–54.
Ullah MI, Washington T, Kazi M, Tamanna S, Koch CA. Testosterone deficiency as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Horm Metab Res Horm Stoffwechselforschung Horm Metab 2011;43(3):153–64. doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1270521
Guay AT, Traish A. Testosterone deficiency and risk factors in the metabolic syndrome: implications for erectile dysfunction. Urol Clin North Am 2011;38(2):175–83. doi.org/10.1016/j.ucl.2011.02.004
Huhtaniemi I. Late-onset hypogonadism: Current concepts and controversies of pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Asian J Androl 2014;16(2):192–202. doi.org/10.4103/1008-682X.122336
Tajar A, Huhtaniemi IT, O’Neill TW, Finn JD, Pye SR, Lee DM, et al. Characteristics of androgen deficiency in late-onset hypogonadism: results from the European Male Aging Study (EMAS). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012;97(5):1508–16. doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-2513
Harman SM, Metter EJ, Tobin JD, Pearson J, Blackman MR, Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Longitudinal effects of aging on serum total and free testosterone levels in healthy men. Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86(2):724–31. doi.org/10.1210/jcem.86.2.7219
Wang C, Nieschlag E, Swerdloff R, Behre HM, Hellstrom WJ, Gooren LJ, et al. Investigation, treatment and monitoring of late-onset hypogonadism in males. Int J Androl 2009;32(1):1–10. doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2605.2008.00924.x
Vingren JL, Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA, Anderson JM, Volek JS, Maresh CM. Testosterone physiology in resistance exercise and training. Sports Med 2010;40(12):1037–53. doi.org/10.2165/11536910-000000000-00000
Hackney AC, Moore AW, Brownlee KK. Testosterone and endurance exercise: development of the œexercise-hypogonadal male condition. Acta Physiol Hung 2005;92(2):121–37. doi.org/10.1556/APhysiol.92.2005.2.3
Livera G, Rouiller-Fabre V, Pairault C, Levacher C, Habert R. Regulation and perturbation of testicular functions by vitamin A. Reproduction 2002;124(2):173–80. doi.org/10.1530/rep.0.1240173
Pilz S, Frisch S, Koertke H, Kuhn J, Dreier J, Obermayer-Pietsch B, et al. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on testosterone levels in men. Horm Metab Res 2011;43(03):223–5. doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1269854
Prasad AS, Mantzoros CS, Beck FWJ, Hess JW, Brewer GJ. Zinc status and serum testosterone levels of healthy adults. Nutrition 1996;12(5):344–8. doi.org/10.1016/S0899-9007(96)80058-X
Suvapong Tantasutthanon. The prevalence and risk factors of testosterone deficiency syndrome in men health clinic Suratthani hospital. Reg 11 Med J 2021;36(1):67-78.
Mohamed O, Freundlich RE, Dakik HK, Grober ED, Najari B, Lipshultz LI, et al. The quantitative ADAM questionnaire: a new tool in quantifying the severity of hypogonadism. Int J Impot Res 2010;22(1):20–4. doi.org/10.1038/ijir.2009.35
Morley JE, Charlton E, Patrick P, Kaiser FE, Cadeau P, McCready D, et al. Validation of a screening questionnaire for androgen deficiency in aging males. Metabolism 2000;49(9):1239–42. doi.org/10.1053/meta.2000.8625
Tsujimura A. The relationship between testosterone deficiency and men’s health. World J Mens Health 2013;31(2):126–35. doi.org/10.5534/wjmh.2013.31.2.126
Alwani M, Yassin A, Talib R, Al-Qudimat A, Aboumarzouk O, Al-Zoubi RM, et al. Cardiovascular disease, hypogonadism and erectile dysfunction: early detection, prevention and the positive effects of long-term testosterone treatment: prospective observational, real-life data. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2021;17:497–508. doi.org/10.2147/VHRM.S309714
Kaur H, Werstuck GH. The effect of testosterone on cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular risk factors in men: a review of clinical and preclinical data. CJC Open 2021;3(10):1238–48. doi.org/10.1016/j.cjco.2021.05.007
Ding EL, Song Y, Malik VS, Liu S. Sex differences of endogenous sex hormones and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J AMA 2006;295(11):1288–99. doi.org/10.1001/jama.295.11.1288
Goto A, Morita A, Goto M, Sasaki S, Miyachi M, Aiba N, et al. Associations of sex hormone-binding globulin and testosterone with diabetes among men and women (the Saku Diabetes study): a case control study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2012;11:130:2-9. doi.org/10.1186/1475-2840-11-130
Hong D, Kim YS, Son ES, Kim KN, Kim BT, Lee DJ, et al. Total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin are associated with metabolic syndrome independent of age and body mass index in Korean men. Maturitas 2013;74(2):148–53. doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2012.10.016
Shores MM, Matsumoto AM, Sloan KL, Kivlahan DR. Low serum testosterone and mortality in male veterans. Arch Intern Med 2006;166(15):1660–5. doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.15.1660
Liu L, Liu S, Song Q, Luo D, Su Y, Qi X, et al. Association of metabolic obesity phenotypes and total testosterone in chinese male population. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes Targets Ther 2021;14:399–408. doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S293259
Cooper LA, Page ST, Amory JK, Anawalt BD, Matsumoto AM. The association of obesity with sex hormone-binding globulin is stronger than the association with ageing--implications for the interpretation of total testosterone measurements. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2015;83(6):828–33. doi.org/10.1111/cen.12768
Feldman HA, Longcope C, Derby CA, Johannes CB, Araujo AB, Coviello AD, et al. Age trends in the level of serum testosterone and other hormones in middle-aged men: longitudinal results from the Massachusetts male aging study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87(2):589–98. doi.org/10.1210/jcem.87.2.8201.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Srinagarind Medical Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
