ความชุก ปัจจัยทางคลินิก และผลการวินิจฉัยยืนยันในทารกที่มีผลตรวจคัดกรองการได้ยินแรกเกิดผิดปกติ

Jutarat Thangthong; Pornthip  Jungwattanavanit

doi:10.64960/srimedj.v41i5.271334

Authors

Jutarat Thangthong Department of Pediatrics, Kranuan Crown Prince Hospital, Kranuan District, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40170
Pornthip Jungwattanavanit Department of Pediatrics, Khon Kaen Hospital, Mueang District, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40000

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.64960/srimedj.v41i5.271334

Keywords:

universal newborn hearing screening, otoacoustic emission, risk factors for hearing impairment

Abstract

Background and objective: Congenital hearing loss is a common congenital condition in newborns, undetectable on routine physical examination, and affects speech, language, and cognitive development if not identified early. Universal Newborn Hearing Screening (UNHS) is essential for timely diagnosis and intervention within the JCIH 1-3-6-month benchmark. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and clinical risk factors of abnormal newborn hearing screening results and evaluate confirmatory outcomes among referred neonates.

Methods: A retrospective observational study of live-born neonates who underwent otoacoustic emission (OAE) screening at Kranuan Crown Prince Hospital between February 2021 and January 2025. Infants failing three consecutive OAE screenings were referred to Khon Kaen Hospital for confirmatory evaluation, and follow-up outcomes were recorded. Risk factors for initial OAE screening failure were analyzed using logistic regression.

Results: One thousand forty-nine births who underwent OAE screening; 129 (12.3%) failed the initial screen. After repeat testing, 17 (1.6%) were referred, with one lost to follow-up. Among 16 who completed follow-up, 15 (93.8%) had normal hearing. One neonate had suspected sensorineural hearing loss on initial AABR but was lost to follow-up; no confirmed permanent hearing loss was identified among infants completing diagnostic follow-up. Birth asphyxia and neonatal sepsis were independent factors associated with abnormal initial OAE results.

Conclusions: Prevalence of failed initial OAE screens was 12.3%. Birth asphyxia and neonatal sepsis were associated with abnormal initial screening results. No confirmed permanent congenital hearing loss was identified among infants completing diagnostic follow-up. Strengthening follow-up systems may help reduce loss to follow-up and ensure complete diagnostic confirmation among at-risk infants.

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